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With its Red for love, and its White for law,
And its Blue for the hope that our fathers saw
Of a larger liberty.

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jFor TUse in tbe public Schools
of tbe State of Mew Korft

BOition of 1904

COMPILED, ARRANGED AND EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION' OF

Cbarles 1R, Skinner

State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Albany, New York, 1900

W YOPK

394540 A

: and
• FOUNDATIONS
R 1928 L

CHARLES R. SKINNER

PREFACE.

Patriotism is more than a sentiment; it is a conviction based upon
a comprehension of the duties of a citizen and a determination loyally
to perform such duties. Patriotism is love of country, born of
familiarity with its history, reverence for its institutions and faith in
its possibilities, and is evidenced by obedience to its laws and respect

for its flag.

American citizenship, safeguarded by the public schools, stands
for the best that our institutions can offer to a free and happy people.
Believing that our schools should be nurseries of patriotism, it has for
many years been my constant purpose to encourage the study of
history among the youth of our commonwealth as the strongest inspi-
ration to patriotic citizenship and all that it implies. This book
represents the fulfilment of such purpose, and is offered to the teachers
of the State in the confident hope that the object sought to be
accomplished may find ready and enthusiastic supporters among all
educators who are striving for the best results of educational effort.

I have been inspired by the belief that to preserve our free insti-
tutions in all their old-time vigor and prestige, our system of public
education must more and more lay stress on those civic virtues which
develop and ennoble true and patriotic citizenship. This belief has
steadily grown under the encouraging sympathy of thoughtful citi-
zens, experienced educators, and patriotic organizations. The legis-
lature of the State has acknowledged the growth of patriotic spirit
by providing for the publication of a patriotic manual for use in the
public schools of our State, and for its free distribution among them.
The task imposed upon the State Superintendent of Public
Instruction by this enactment has not been easy. The limitations to
the broad scope of material that could legitimately be made part of
such a work were by no means easy to determine. The plan finally
adopted and followed in the compilation of this volume was to present

(i)

ji MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

the choicest literature bearing upon love of country, and upon notable
events and the achievements of proud names in American history, in
the belief that love of country grows best when the youth of the land
have a lively appreciation of what our free institutions have cost in
individual sacrifice, in suffering, and in treasure.

The Manual is now submitted to the teachers and the supervising
officers of the State, and to them is intrusted the important duty of
so using the material provided as to make at least some of its noble
utterances, its vivid pictures of great deeds and patriotic sacrifices,
and its quotations from the sayings of men honored for their clear
patriotic vision, a part of the very souls of the pupils intrusted to their
care. In this way shall we secure the very result intended by
the legislature in enacting the law which authorized the publication
of this volume. This can be done successfully only by much repeti-
tion and constant reiteration. So well established is this fact that I
feel warranted in recommending that a few minutes of the opening
exercises of every public school each day be devoted to observance
based upon the material found in this Manual, or suggested thereby,
and, in addition, that more extended exercises be provided in com-
memoration of the great days and the great names in our Nation's
history.

I would be glad to have every pupil in our public schools commit
to memory each week some patriotic selection or quotation, no matter
how brief it may be. Let school be opened by a patriotic song and
a salute to the flag. This may be followed by a short recitation or
by several brief patriotic quotations from the masterpieces which have
been arranged in this work. Let pupils choose from among their
number one or more classmates whose duty it shall be to see that the
flag is properly displayed in favorable weather, at other times exhib-
ited in the schoolroom, and all times sacredly cared for.

The task of editing this work was placed in the hands of Professor
William K. Wickes, principal of the high school of Syracuse, to whom
my acknowledgments are due for his loyal and painstaking efforts. I
also acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor Isaac H. Stout, a
veteran of the civil war associated with me in the educational work of

PREFACE.

ill

the State, who suggested ancV arranged that part of the Manual relat-
ing to important dates in American history. I desire especially to
acknowledge my obligations to Past-Commanders Albert D. Shaw,
Anson S. Wood and Joseph W. Kay, Col. Joseph A. Goulden, chair-'
man of the special committee on instruction in civics and patriotism,
and their comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department
of New York, without number, for their constant encouragement and
earnest co-operation in all matters pertaining to patriotic education,
culminating in the publication of this volume.

This Manual is submitted to teachers, school officers, the people,
and the legislature in the confident belief that it will be so well used
in our school work as to reflect credit on the teaching force, prove the
wisdom of the legislature in authorizing its publication, and justify
the earnest efforts made in behalf of the law by patriotic citizens and
organizations.

State Superintendent.

Albany, N. Y., May, 1900.

EDITOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

This Manual is made up from many contributing sources. To all,
so far as possible, the editor wishes to make his acknowledgments
and pay his meed of thanks. To Statesmen, Orators, Poets — the dead
and the living — whose strong and stirring utterances give fresh life
and beauty to the thought of Patriotism and its noblest symbol, The
Flag. To the following publishers and composers for the crowning
grace of music: — the Oliver Ditson Company, for selections from
their recent book, " Patriotic Songs for School and Home/' filled
with gems in an admirable musical setting, — Ginn & Co., whose
wide-ranging and inspiring "Academy Song Book" would be a
constant joy in any schoolroom, — Silver, Burdett & Co., in whose
" Songs of the Nation " may be found a fine epitome of the best
in present-day patriotic music, — Houghton, Mifflin & Co., whose
" Riverside Song Book " contains in compact form, set to music, the
finest patriotic poems of the noblest American poets, and into whose
" Riverside Literature Series " have been put illustrations of every
possible phase, as it would seem, of American history and life, — the
John Church Company for use of the song, "Our Flag," — Martha
Moses Peckham (and her publishers, Clayton F. Summy Company,
Chicago), for her unique and rousing song, " Dewey at Manila Bay,"
— Prof. Hamlin E. Cogswell for his spirit-caught interpretation of
" The Liberty Bell " and " The Camp Flag," — Miss Cornelia A. Moses
for the music of the brush in her flag-drawing and initial letters.
Above all, to Prof. Ralph W. Thomas for the music of human speech
as shown in his many and choice selections of patriotic prose and verse.

The Editor.

(iv)

INTRODUCTION.

It is well to put in the very forefront of this book, the law in
accordance with which this " Manual of Patriotism " has been prepared:

LAWS OF NEW YORK.— By Authority.

CHAP. 481.

AN ACT to provide for the display of the United States flag on the
schoolhouses of the State, in connection with the public schools; and
to encourage patriotic exercises in such schools.

Became a law April 22, 1898, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three-
fifths being present.

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section i. It shall be the duty of the school authorities of every
public school in the several cities and school districts of the State to
purchase a United States flag, flagstaff and the necessary appliances
therefor, and to display such flag upon or near the public school build-
ing during school hours, and at such other times as such school authori-
ties may direct.

§ 2. The said school authorities shall establish rules and regula-
tions for the proper custody, care and display of the flag, and when the
weather will not permit it to be otherwise displayed, it shall be placed
conspicuously in the principal room in the schoolhouse.

§ 3. It shall be the duty of the state superintendent of public
instruction to prepare, for the use of the public schools of the state, a
program providing for a salute to the flag at the opening of each day
of school and such other patriotic exercises as may be deemed by him
to be expedient, under such regulations and instructions as may best
meet the varied requirements of the different grades in such schools.
It shall also be his duty to make special provision for the observance
in such public schools of Lincoln's birthday, Washington's birthday,
Memorial day, and Flag day, and such other legal holidays of like
character as may be hereafter designated by law.

(v)

vj MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

§ 4. The State superintendent of public instruction is hereby
authorized to provide for the necessary expenses incurred in developing
and encouraging such patriotic exercises in the public school.

§ 5. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize
military instruction or drill in the public schools during school hours.

§ 6. This act shall take effect immediately.

Reading the foregoing carefully, it will be noted that, law-like, not
a word is said as to the intent of the law. But whoever will " read
between the lines " cannot fail to see its gracious purpose, — nothing
less or other than to awaken in the minds and hearts of the young a
strong and abiding regard for the flag and intelligent appreciation of
the great men and great deeds that have made it to be, to all American
youth, the rallying-cry of patriotism. In other words, the Empire
State seeks for its countless host of boys and girls the inculcation of a
true spirit of Patriotism and a loving regard for its greatest symbol,
the Flag.

Note also in the law the constraint that is put upon the authori-
ties of every public school in the State, to furnish, display, and care
for a flag. That means that the State is interested to see that those
into whose hands are put all the great interests of the schools — with
their large corps of teachers and immense army of pupils — shall make
clear the will and mind of the State in respect to the patriotic education
of its children.

This good law was put upon the statute-book through efforts
made largely by the Department of New York, Grand Army ot the
Republic. Under " General Orders, No. 6," issued August 9, 1897, a
special Committee was appointed " to examine and report to the
Department * * * upon the best practical methods of teaching
Patriotism and Civics in our public schools." The Committee, having
previously been divided into three parts, viz.: on Civics and History;
Patriotic Exercises; Public Celebrations, — made its triple report in
November, 1897. This report, under the title, " To Promote Patriotic
Study in the Public Schools," was published in pamphlet form by the
State Superintendent of Public Instruction for general distribution
throughout the State. This action greatly influenced the patriotic
legislation embodied in the law above quoted. In " General Orders,
No. 10," we read: " The comrades feel deeply indebted to Supt.

INTRODUCTION. vij

Skinner for his most helpful and valuable co-operation in this important
patriotic work, which lies so close to all their hearts." "Which lies so
close to their hearts." — What pathos in those words! The brave men
who fought the battles of the Union from '61 to '65 are fast passing
away. Not many years hence the last heart will have ceased to beat.
But meantime, how active and strenuous they are in all right efforts to
vivify and strengthen the sentiment of true patriotism in the hearts of
the young! Everywhere they keep Memorial Day, — a constant object
lesson to the present generation. But besides this, in some cities, they
are the inspiration to a ceremony called the " Transfer of Flags." And
a special word of praise is due to Col. A. D. Shaw, Commander-in-Chief
of the G. A. R., for his untiring zeal in the sacred cause of patriotism,
and for the results he is bringing about in cementing the loyal friend-
ship of Blue and Gray. Indeed, in many ways, the veterans of War
are showing a profound interest in all that makes for lasting and
honorable Peace.

In this work of beneficent patriotism many a Women's Relief
Corps is having a large and honorable share. For there are many
matters connected with the care of the sick and needy that can be
safely and sympathetically entrusted only to women. And thus,
through their kind and most unselfish ministrations, patriotism is
exalted and made more sacred in the eyes of the young.

But G. A. R. and Women's Relief Corps, though the greatest,
are not the only organizations that are helping (each in its own way
and sphere) to strengthen the cause of patriotism. Here are a few
others: Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., Sons of the Revolution, Sons of
the American Revolution, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Daughters of the Revolution, Colonial Dames of America, Association
of Spanish War Veterans. Let all be welcomed to a part in the work
of loyalty-building; let none be found negligent or lukewarm therein!

To no individual, scarcely to any organization, is this Manual so
greatly indebted as to Charles R. Skinner, State Superintendent of
Public Instruction. The G. A. R. Committee, in acknowledgment of
his aid, speaks most gratefully of his " fruitful counsels and sugges-
tions." And the editor of the Manual hereby wishes to give his testi-
mony to the untiring interest shown by the Superintendent, to his

Vlll

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

unflagging enthusiasm, his constant wish for the doing of anything,
everything, which might increase in youthful hearts the love of the
Flag and of Native Land. Let the following letter attest his deep
concern for the patriotic welfare of the young:

"Albany, March i, 1900.
" To the Boys and Girls of the Empire State:

" It is spring by the calendar to-day, — but outside of my windows,
the wind is blowing hard and cold and the snow is piling up great drifts
in the streets. At such a time how pleasant it would be for me if I
could gather you all in one great schoolroom around a big, roaring
fire and talk to you about your school. But I cannot do that. There
is no room or building on earth large enough to hold you all. So I
must talk to you, if at all, with my pen.

" I hope you will all study hard, be obedient to your teachers and
kind to your schoolmates. Do not shirk any lessons, no matter how
difficult they may be, for if you master your lessons now, you will be
better able to conquer many difficulties when you grow to be men
and women.

"When you play, I hope you will play as hard as ever you
can. It will help you to get strong and keep strong in body, just
as hard study will strengthen your minds. Then, in years to come,
you will not be in danger of ' breaking down ' when you have much
work to do with hands or brain.

" I suppose you have heard it said that ' all work and no play
makes Jack a dull boy.' And I believe that all play and no work would
be just as bad. Don't you? So I want to tell you how to do something
that certainly is not all work and surely is not all play — indeed, most
of it is neither work nor play. What to call it I hardly know, — but I
am sure that no pupil who does it will be a dull boy or a dull girl.

" When you are tired of work and lessons, and tired, too, of
play, just stop your work or your play and think about the Flag of
your country. And not only think about it, but read about it, write
about it, learn what others have said about it — sing about it. You

INTRODUCTION. ix

will find plenty of things to aid you in your thinking, reading, writing
and singing, in those programs which your good friend, the editor
of the Manual, has prepared for your special use. Now will not that
be a pleasant change from work, and far more useful than mere play?
I am sure also that it will illumine your work and your play with the
' fine gold ' of Patriotism.

" Patriotism, dear children, means love of country. It is some-
thing that lives in the heart, and makes one willing to do anything that
will be for the good of his country. So you see you cannot learn it
from your books, nor get it from your play. But by using the exer-
cises of this book, I think you can find and put away in your hearts
that spirit which will make of you all good citizens — true patriots,
loving your own land and wishing all nations of the earth to possess
that freedom and happiness which you in America so much enjoy. I
hope that you will find in this book those symbols of your country
which stand for the great principles upon which our government is
founded; that you will have your imagination aroused so that you can
see, as ' with your eyes shut,' what beautiful lessons in patriotism those
symbols teach, lessons that will prove to be like pictures of pleasant
things that you may hang on the walls of Memory, never to fade; that
in the sweet and strong music of the book you may feel your young
spirits strengthened to fight, in years to come, in peace or in war, the
noble battles of Patriotism and the Flag.

" Sincerely yours,
" [Signed.]

SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS.

Do not look upon this Manual as a text-book in American history.
There are many good books that give the facts, and some that attempt
the philosophy of the subject. But this does not pretend to do either.
I am of the mind that neither facts nor philosophy alone, nor both
combined, can create the sentiment of patriotism, much less foster
and strengthen it in the minds and hearts of children. Be yourselves
well grounded in the facts, and teach them as may be needful. Seek
the philosophy of events, and teach it as far as possible. But when you
take this book in your hands, let the light of sentiment and imagination
play over facts and theories — tingeing all as with the beautiful Red,
White and Blue of the Flag. Put yourselves in the place of the child.
"When your own mind is thus made responsive to the color-touch
in history, try to make your pupils see and feel the illuminating power
of great and worthy deeds. Nor of deeds alone. Teach them the
wonderful power that abides in great personalities. Hold before their
eyes a vision of the commanding figures of our own American history.
Inspire them with a sentiment of loyalty and devotion to native land.
If so profound a reasoner so wonderful an orator as Webster, con-
stantly wove into the fabric of his most enduring speeches the splendid
colors of the imagination, surely we need not hesitate, but rather,
should be eager to use as best we can, though in faint degree, that
power which he so magnificently wielded. Remember that the imagina-
tion is the very heart of all the symbols which are found in this book
and are here used to set forth the noblest principles of government, the
great underlying truths of our common humanity.

So, it was with intent that pictorial themes were largely chosen
for the programs that follow. At the same time, it should be under-
stood that the prefatory matter which caps each program is meant only
as a hint or suggestion to be amended or enlarged as any teacher may

wish. Keep the Flag ever before the mind's eye. Remember, also,

(xi)

xii MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

that so far as patriotism finds oral expression it is through music,
poetry and prose. They are the gateways beautiful into the mind of
the child. Teach them to sing the songs, let them learn " by heart"
the poems and prose selections, — for not a strain of music, not a
stanza, not a sentence, conveys an unworthy thought. Do not be
alarmed at any sentiment for fear it is too profound for children to
comprehend. If they learn it not in early years, they will never learn it.
But my word for it, the day of a complete understanding of its mean-
ing will come, and then they will remember, with undying thanks, the
faithful one who taught them. Do not let them lose sight of the under-
lying thought of each program, that special quality in pictorial guise,
which it is intended to set forth. Perhaps it is sympathy, or freedom
or protection — no matter what, in the wide range of patriotism. If
the central, rallying word is not given in the preliminary note, let the
teacher give it, or better still, let the pupils find it. Let them put it
in as clear and compact a " composition " form as possible, or explain
it in oral form. Have class exercises frequently; let pupils sing or
repeat in concert; borrow the music of other groups or individual
programs, if time permits; the selections, poetry or prose, of different
groups or single programs, choosing selections from any part of the
book. Put in a quotation exercise, now and then, permitting pupils
to select for themselves.

Mindful that in school as elsewhere, " time is money," I have
made the great majority of the programs so brief that any one may
be compassed in ten minutes or less, at the opening or closing of the
daily session. All told, the programs number forty, so that a daily
exercise may be given through the school year without repeating any
one program more than four or five times, just often enough to keep
the memory refreshed on the various songs and selections. The pro-
grams for Memorial Day, Washington's birthday, Lincoln's birthday,
Flag Day, have been made longer than others, as befits their great
importance. Each of these four great themes makes a group by
itself. The other programs are divided into groups according to the
relation they bear to the Flag, the central theme of all the programs.
Near the opening of the book a brief history of the flag is given,

SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. xiii

straightway followed by exercises pertaining to the flag and by the
ceremony of " Salutes " and " Pledges of Allegiance." Thus the body
of the book has been divided into groups, each distinct and separate,
and similarly into programs closely related to " The Flag." Even the
abstract subjects, with their wisely-chosen selections, all find their
meaning and inspiration in the flag.

It was the first thought of the editor of this Manual to make
an extended list of patriotic books for the use of pupils. But that
does not fall within the province and scope of the law, and so no
such bibliography appears. It is entirely right and commendable,
however, for any teacher to point out to his pupils the sources of our
history and to give them the knowledge of its facts. For this, any
good text in United States History will suffice. Upon the sentiment
and romance of our history, the books are almost innumerable. Here
again, the teacher's discretion and opportunity must be his guide.

It may be that enthusiastic and progressive teachers will welcome
the giving, from time to time, 01 what may be called a composite pro-
gram. If so, take any program-subjects, such as liberty bell, sword,
dove, shield, flag, let a pupil or pupils tell what each symbolizes, and
then show what use any great statesman or statesmen made of these
or similar symbols and what the symbols meant to them. Thus, to
Abraham Lincoln, and through him to the people of this great nation,
the liberty bell meant freedom; the sword, union; the dove, peace with
honor; the shield, protection; the flag, loyalty. The possible combina-
tions of such a plan are many, historically interesting, patriotically

profitable.

It is greatly to be desired that the ceremony of the " Transfer of
Flags " be held in as many schools of the State as possible. Choose
a national holiday for the exercise. In cities, let each school be repre-
sented by a color-bearer with a flag. Range the delegates in semi-
circle on the stage. In smaller places, put all the pupils, or as many
as possible, upon the stage, accompanied by the flag in the hands
of a color-bearer. Alike in cities and smaller places, let the flags to be
transferred be those donated by G. A. R. Posts rather than those
purchased by the city or district authorities under mandate of the
State. Invite veterans, parents, friends. Arrange whatever patriotic

x;v MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

exercises seem best, and near the close, lei. the teacher, or an old
soldier, or some adult speaker, give a brief history or eulogy of the
flag, exhort each new color-bearer to guard it sacredly, to do nothing
that might bring dishonor to its unsullied colors. Then, at the word
of command, "Transfer flag!" let the color-bearer who has had the
care of the flag for the past year hand it over to another who is to
be its custodian for the year to come. It is an inspiring and memorable
sight!

For several months, in the scant leisure of a busy life, I have
wrought at the plan and making of this book. The task has been, to
me, very pleasurable; I hope it may be to others most profitable — to
teachers, by strengthening and clarifying their appreciation of the noble
history of our common country; to the Young America of the Empire
State, by the creation and exaltation of a pure-minded and intelligent
patriotism.

And so I drop my pen, with a silent salute and renewed pledge of

allegiance to The Flag!

W. K. W.

CONTENTS.

Page.

Preface. . , lu

Introduction

Suggestions

Group I. The Flag:

Brief History of the Flag; The Stars; The Red, White and Blue; The
Half-masted Flag; Saluting the Flag; Patriotic Pledges. Interspersed
Patriotic Songs

Group II. The Flag Protects

The Home; School; Capitol; Restored Union. Songs 37

Group III. The Flag Waves Over

The Camp; Hospital; Exposition Buildings; Consulate; Land and Sea.

Songs -9

Group IV. The Flag is Symbolized by

The Liberty Cap; Liberty Bell; Sword and Dove; Eagle; Shield. Songs. . 0,5

Group V. The Flag Illumines the Tableaux

Of the Minute Man; Departure and Return of States; March of Flags;

Army and Navy; Homage to Columbia I4I

" — Concluded— The Flag Glorifies the Patriotic Utterances

Of Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell T52

Group VI. The Flag Recalls

Columbus Day; Landing of the Pilgrims; Lexington and Concord; Fourth

of July; Yorktown. Songs x55

The Flag Hallows Memorial Day:

Prologue: General Grant and the Civil War; Admiral Dewey and the Spanish-
American War; Quotations. Songs l85

In Memoriam May 30th. Selections and Songs 227

The Flag Consecrates the Birthday of George Washington :

Selections, Quotations and Songs 241

(xv)

xvi CONTENTS.

The Flag Blesses the Birthday of Abraham Lincoln : Page.

Selections, Quotations and Songs 267

Flag-Day Makes Sacred June 14TH:

Selections, Quotations and Songs 299

Selections — in Prose and Poetry — on

Patriotism 329

Declaration of Independence 351

Constitution of the United States 353

Liberty 355

Union 359

Citizenship 366

Our Country:

Quotations 373

The Nobility of Labor 3S3

Important Dates in American History 389

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP I.
THE FLAG.

i. Brief History of the Flag Song, America.

2. The Stars Song, The Star-Spangled Banner.

3. The Red, White and Blue Song, The Red, White and Blue.

4. The Half-Masted Flag.

f Saluting the Flag Song, A Song of the Flag.

5' J Patriotic Pledges Song, The Waving Flag.

AMERICA.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FLAG.

HERE were many flags of many kinds in our country
in colonial times — long, long ago. The most
famous one, perhaps, was that which was raised,
for the first time, on January 2, 1776, over the camp
of the Continental forces at Cambridge. In mid-
May of the same year, a flag of like design floated
over the Capitol at Williamsburg. Thus, under
similar flags, the great colony of Massachusetts and
that of Virginia together marched towards the free-
dom they so much wished to see.

There is good reason to believe, also, that the
famous naval hero, Paul Jones, was the first man in
the world to hoist a similar flag upon a regular man-of-war. Nor
was it long before a sixteen-gun brig, " The Reprisal," commanded by
Capt. Lambert Wickes, sailing from home soon after the adoption of
the Declaration of Independence, carried the flag across the seas and
unfurled it in the harbors of the Old World.

So, both on land and sea, at home and abroad, waved that Con-
tinental Banner which seemed to stretch its folds, like hands of wel-
come, to greet a new nation.

The first real American flag had its origin in the following resolu-
tion adopted by the American Congress, June 14, 1777: "Resolved,
That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes alternate
red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field,
representing a new constellation."

But the flag thus resolved upon could not make itself. So, a
committee of Congress, accompanied by Washington, sought out the
home and services of Mrs. Elizabeth Ross of Philadelphia — better
known as " Betsy Ross " — to aid them in the flag-making. Her skill-
ful hands and willing heart soon worked out a plan, and gave to this

(5)

6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

country that red, white and blue banner which is the admiration of
all nations and the unfailing joy of every true American.

What a pleasant sight it must have been to see Mistress Betsy
Ross, that good dame of Revolutionary days, at work upon that new
flag which nowadays we call " the dear old flag." Well may we
believe that she had a thoughtful yet serene face; that she loved her
country with a deep and tender love. For, indeed, it was her country,
though not then free from the grasp of King George. Who can tell
what a help the sight of the new flag was in gaining that independence
which has made our land so great and happy? No wonder that an
association has been formed to buy and keep, for patriotic purposes,
the home in which was made, by the hands of Betsy Ross, the first real
American flag.

How old, then, is the flag? Less than a century and a quarter,
you see. Yet, curiously enough, it is older than the present banner
of Great Britain, adopted in 1801; or Spain's, 1785; or the French
tricolor, 1794; or the flag of the Empire of Germany, 1870. Thus the
flag seems as old as though it had lived for centuries.

What a history the flag has had since those early days when
Washington looked upon it as he stood under the old Elm at Cam-
bridge! The thirteen stars and thirteen stripes were unfurled at the
battle of Brandy wine, in 1777; they were at Germantown in October
of the same year; in the same red-leaved month they sang their song
of triumph over defeated Burgoyne at Saratoga; they helped to cheer
the hungry and half-clad patriot soldiers at Valley Forge; they saw
the surrender of the enemy at Yorktown; they fluttered their " Good-
bye " to the British evacuating New York; they made glorious with
their sky-born colors the dreary years of the Revolution.

In the War of 181 2, the sea breezes blew over no American ship
that did not have the flag of the stars and stripes at its fore; its folds
seemed to be filled with voices that called aloud the names of gallant
seamen — Lawrence, Perry, Hull, Decatur, and many others whose
names will never perish.

In the Mexican War, fought in the forties, our flag was carried
into foreign territory, and waved over many places of great historic
fame. It is true that not all of our citizens approved of that war, but

THE FLAG. 7

the flag itself was not allowed to suffer harm; on the contrary, it waved
triumphant in the very " halls of the Montezumas."

As for the Civil War, what veteran soldier cannot tell of the trials
and triumphs of the four memorable years from 1861 to 1865? Then
it seemed, again and again, as though the flag would be rent in twain,
and the States be severed, never to reunite. Yet to-day we know a
grander Union than ever before.

It remained for the Spanish-American War, however, to make
this reunion clear and strong — beyond a doubt or shadow. Men of
the North and men of the South clasped hands and marched and sailed
away, under the same dear flag, to fight on foreign soil for freedom
to the down-trodden of earth.

But we must not think that it is only in time of war that the flag
has a history. It has a far more cheering and pleasant history in
times of peace. There is always something sad about war, even when
the flags are raised to celebrate a victory. For the victory has cost
a great many brave men their lives, and that always saddens the
Nation's heart. But in a time of peace, how proudly the flag floats
over our homes and schools; " on land and sea, and in every wind
under the whole heavens." Then the people are happy, because there
is no loss of life among them by means of war; fathers stay at home
and enjoy peace and quiet; their sons are at school or college, in
business or working at a trade. On holidays the streets are thronged
with happy people, children are at their games or play, or perhaps are
in school celebrating the lives and deeds of men and women who have
helped to make our country so strong and great among the nations of
the world. And this is the peaceful and happy way in which our
nation has spent most of its time since the close of the Revolutionary
War. During more than a hundred years, the whole time occupied
by war has been less than ten years. Those ten years show that we
can fight when it is necessary to defend our country, keep our free-
dom unharmed, our flag unstained; but they also show that we do
not fight unless we must for the honor of the flag. They show, also,
that we do not go to war merely for the sake of gaining territory from
nations that are weak, nor simply to humble the pride of nations that
are saucy and strong.

8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

How different is the story of the nations of the Old World, and
of the many little countries or republics of South America in the New
World! Their citizens seem so fond of killing each other that some of
them keep at it most of the time, until their war-offices are filled with
blood-stained battle-flags that they have carried with them into war,
or have taken from their enemies, — very much as wild Indians might
hang up in their wigwams, or fasten at their belts, the scalps they have
taken from their victims.

Oh, let us not do anything like that in our dear country. Let us
rather set the flag flying, and watch it as it waves over a land of peace
and plenty, — a land where the farmer may till the ground, the mechanic
work in busy shops, the merchant buy and sell in his store, and thou-
sands of merry boys and girls troop to school — everybody at work,
and all in quiet and security because the Red, White and Blue waves
triumphant over a happy, peaceful land.

Surely it is well for Young America to honor a flag which has
such resistless Power and gives such adequate Protection in time of
peace. The flag stands for so much that is worth having and saving;
it means so much to every citizen, young or old, that no honor paid to
it can be too great. To be good citizens — keeping the laws, obedient
to all rightful authority, merciful in the treatment of animals, kind-
hearted and sympathetic towards the unfortunate, mindful ever of the
good name and fame of our country, — all these things are quiet yet
potent ways of doing honor to the flag. Many a veteran, reposing
in well-earned quiet after marching and battling, is content to gaze
till his eyes brim with tears at the flag that speaks to him so eloquently
of days that are gone, of conflicts that are over, of the dearly-bought
victories of Peace.

But the eyes of children dance with joy when they see the flag,
and they must needs speak and sing and act that joy. And so, it is
wise to provide some way by which they may use their young voices
and their ever-moving feet and hands.

THE FLAG.

OUR FLAG.

Fling it from mast and steeple,

Symbol o'er land and sea
Of the life of a happy people,

Gallant and strong and free.
Proudly we view its colors,

Flag of the brave and true,
With the clustered stars and the steadfast bars,

The red, the white, and the blue.

Flag of the fearless hearted,

Flag of the broken chain,
Flag in a day-dawn started,

Never to pale or wane.
Dearly we prize its colors,

With the heaven-light breaking through,
The clustered stars and the steadfast bars,

The red, the white, and the blue.

Flag of the sturdy fathers,

Flag of the loyal sons,
Beneath its folds it gathers

Earth's best and noblest ones.
Boldly we wave its colors,

Our veins are thrilled anew;
By the steadfast bars, the clustered stars,

The red, the white, and the blue.

— Margaret E. Sangsicr.

I0 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE FLAG THAT HAS NEVER KNOWN DEFEAT.

On history's crimson pages, high up on the roll of fame,

The story of Old Glory burns, in deathless words of flame.

'Twas cradled in war's blinding smoke, amid the roar of guns,

Its lullabies were battje-cries, the shouts of Freedom's sons;

It is the old red, white, and blue, proud emblem of the free,

It is the flag that floats above our land of liberty.

Then greet it, when you meet it, boys, the flag that waves on high;

And hats off, all along the line, when Freedom's flag goes by.

All honor to the Stars and Stripes, our glory and our pride,
All honor to the flag for which our fathers fought and died;
On many a blood-stained battle-field, on many a gory sea,
The flag has triumphed; evermore triumphant may it be.
And since again, 'mid shot and shell, its folds must be unfurled,
God grant that we may keep it still unstained before the world.
All hail the flag we love, may it victorious ever fly,
And hats off, all along the line, when Freedom's flag goes by.

— Charles L. Benjamin and George D. Sutton.

OLD FLAG FOREVER.

She's up there, — Old Glory, — where lightnings are sped;
She dazzles the nations with ripples of red;
And she'll wave for us living, or droop o'er us dead, —
The flag of our country forever!

She's up there,— Old Glory, — how bright the stars stream!
And the stripes like red signals of liberty gleam!
And we dare for her, living, or dream the last dream,
'Neath the flag of our country forever!

She's up there, — Old Glory, — no tyrant-dealt scars,
No blur on her brightness, no stain on her stars!
The brave blood of heroes hath crimsoned her bars.
She's the flag of our country forever!

— Frank L. Stanton.

THE STARS.

HIRTEEN, and only thirteen stripes,—" alternate
red and white," are on every American flag, no
matter when made. These stripes tell us of the
thirteen colonies that together fought the battles
of the Revolution, and afterward entered into an
enduring Union under the Constitution. Let us
take here the roll-call of that noble band of sister
colonies:

Delaware

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

Georgia

Connecticut

Massachusetts

Maryland
South Carolina
New Hampshire
Virginia
New York
North Carolina

Rhode Island.

Yes, the stripes that run their bright bands of color along the
length of the flag never number more nor less than thirteen. Not so
with the stars, — for each new State, a new star. As the evening of
a clear night draws on, have you not watched the stars one by one
" peep through the blanket of the dark? " So in our country's sky,
State after State, like star after star in the heavens, has flashed upon
our sight until, in the closing year of the century, the " blue field " is
filled with the radiant splendor of a " constellation " of forty-five
States.

This is the order in which they entered the Union: Vermont
(1791), Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1802), Louisiana
(1812), Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818), Alabama
(1819), Maine (1820), Missouri (1821), Arkansas (1836), Michi-
gan (1837), Florida (1845), Texas (iS45)» Iowa (1846), Wisconsin

(11)

j 2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

(1848), California (1850), Minnesota (1858), Oregon (1859), Kansas
(1861), West Virginia (1863), Nevada (1864), Nebraska (1867), Colo-
rado (1876), North Dakota (1889), South Dakota (1889), Montana
(1889), Washington (1889), Idaho (1890), Wyoming (1890), Utah
(1896).

And here is the list of territories which may yet shine as States:
New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, — though
perhaps not as States of the first magnitude.

THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER.

Solo or Quartet

Francis Scott Key. 1814.

J_ !S

■9-

f 1 ■ '

)h,' say, can you see, by thedawn'sear - ly light, What so proud -ly we hail'd at the

On the shore dim- ly seen thro' the mists of the deep,Where the foe's haughty host in dread

And where is that band who so vaunt-ing - ly swore, That the hav - oc of war and the

Oh, thus be it ev - er when free-men shall stand Be - tween their loved home and wild

-p- -p-

twi-light's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the per - il - ous fight, O'er the

si - lence re - po - ses, What is that which the breeze, o'er the tow - er - ing steep, As it

bat -tie's con-fu - sion, A . . . home and a coun - try should leave us no more? Their

war's des - o - la - tion ; Blest with vie - try and peace, may the heav'n-res - cued land Praise the

ram-parts we watch'd, were so gal - lant - lv stream-ing? And the rock - ets' red glare, the bombs
fit - ful - ly blows, half con-ceals, half dis-clos-es? Now it catch - es the gleam of the
blood has wash'd out their foul foot - steps'pol - hi - tion. No ref - uge could save the

pow'r that hath made and pre-serv'd us a na - tion ! Then con - quer we must, when our

burst-ing in air, Gave proof thro'the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say,does that

morn-ing's first beam, In full glo - ry re - fleet -ed,now shines on the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled

hire-ling and slave From the ter - ror of flight or the gloom of the grave : And the star-spangled

cause it is just, And this be our mot - to : "In God is our trust !"And the star-spangled

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=21 ^

THE FLAG.

SELECTIONS.

It is the flag of history. Those thirteen stripes tell the story of
our colonial struggle, of the days of >6. They speak of the savage
wilderness, of old Independence Hall, of Valley Forge and Yorktown.
Those stars tell the story of our nation's growth, how it has come from
weakness to strength, until its gleam, in the sunrise over the forests of
Maine, crimsons the sunset's dying beams on the golden sands of
California. — 5. L. Waterbury.

It is a little thing, perchance, to put the stars and stripes a few
miles nearer to the pole than has been put the flag of any other nation;
but yet, somehow or other, that fact appeals to us as Americans.—
Adolphus W. Greeley.

Two years ago, I saw a sight that has ever been present in my
memory. As we were going out of the harbor of Newport, about mid-
night, on a dark night, some of the officers of the torpedo station had
prepared for us a beautiful surprise. The flag at the depot station
was unseen in the darkness of the night, when suddenly, electric search-
lights were turned on it, bathing it in a flood of light. All below the
flag was hidden, and it seemed to have no touch with earth, but to
hang from the battlements of heaven. It was as if heaven was approv-
ing the human liberty and human equality, typified by that flag.—
Benjamin Harrison,

THE BANNER OF THE STARS.
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! Fling our banner to the breeze!

Let the enemies of freedom see its folds again unfurled,
And down with the pirates that scorn upon the seas

Our victorious Yankee banner, sign of freedom to the world!

Chorus- We'll never have a new flag, for ours is the true flag,
The true flag, the true flag, the red, white, and blue flag.
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! we will carry to the wars,
The old flag, the free flag, the banner of the stars.

And what though its white shall be crimsoned with our blood?

And what though its stripes shall be shredded in the storms?
To the torn flag, the worn flag, we'll keep our promise good,

And we'll bear the starry blue field, with gallant hearts and arms.

— R. IV. Raymond.

j 5 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

A VISION OF THE STARS.

His lonely watch a sentinel was keeping,

While stars were shining clear;
Within their tents the wearied hosts were sleeping,

And home in dreams seemed near.

Near by, in peace, the broad Potomac river

Ran fleetly on and free,
And waves, like shafts from full and silver quiver,

Shot onward to the sea.

Such was the scene of rare and tranquil beauty,

That met the soldier's gaze,
And blended with his thoughts of present duty,

The light of other days.

'Neath roof-tree quiet, far remote, were sleeping

Those whom he loved so well —
Dreaming perchance of him, or fondly weeping

At thought of War's dread spell.

Then as he paced, his watchful eyes upturning,

He saw the arching sky.
Where countless stars in silence clear were burning.

Bespeaking peace on high.

And gazing thus, he straightway fell to musing

Upon that wondrous dome, —
And in his wrapt imaginings was losing,

For once, the thought of home.

To him, that mighty dome the Union seeming,

The stars were soldiers true
That stood in ranks with watchful eyes a-gleaming,

And great souls flashing through.

" No hand," he cried, as raptured he stood gazing,

" Can hurl the Union down,
Or pluck from out that dome of might amazing,

The stars within its crown."

THE FLAG.

But as he spake a cloud came blackly drifting

Across the welkin blue,
And spreading ever, threatening, dense and shifting,

Hid every star from view.

"Alas," cried he, "is this the war's dread token?

The stars all swept away.
The dome of Union, lost to man, and broken,

Forever and for aye? "

Slow grew his step as on he paced, — and musing,

Sad grew his heart, —
The portent seemed so direful, so confusing,

The tears began to start!

But lo! once more, through tears, his eyes up-glancing,

The clouds are passing by!
He sees the dome, and stars with light entrancing,

Still watching in the sky!

Gone are his fears. Exultant hear him crying,

" The clouds of War will flee.
And stars of Peace yet chant in chorus vying,

' Union and Liberty.' "

Ah, lonely sentinel, let not thy vision,

Though now fulfilled, e'er cease;
Still point the Nation to the fields Elysian, —

Thy chosen watchword — Peace.

— W. K. W.

j 3 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE FLAG OF THE CONSTELLATION.

The stars of our morn on our banner borne,

With the iris of heaven are blended,
The hands of our sires first mingled those fires

And by us they shall now be defended!
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue,

The flag of the Constellation;
It sails as it sailed, by our forefathers hailed,

O'er battles that made us a nation.

What hand so bold to strike from its fold,

One star or stripe of its bright'ning;
To him be each star a fiery Mars,

Each stripe a terrible lightning.
Then hail the true, — etc.

Its meteor form shall ride the storm

Till the fiercest of foes surrender;
The storm gone by, it shall gild the sky,

As a rainbow of peace and splendor.
Then hail the true, — etc.

Peace, peace to the world — is our motto unfurled,

Tho' we shun not a field that is gory;
At home or abroad, fearing none but our God,

We will carve out our pathway to glory!
Then hail the true, — etc.

— T. Buchanan Read.

THE RED, WHITE AND BLUE.

HEN children pick a flower to pieces, just to see how it is
made, casting its petals to the ground — that destroys both
its bright colors and its fragrance. Not so when they first
look at the flag, see that it is made up of three colors, and
then try to find out with the " mind's eye " what each color
stands for. That is a very pleasant and a very profitable exercise.
Now, while it would be a good thing for the boys and girls in a school
to think out the meaning of the tricolor for themselves, it will do no
harm to give them a hint upon which they may work.

Take then the red. Did you ever think how the red tide which
we call " blood " courses through the body, and how it supplies the
very life-power of the body? So, the red in the flag is the symbol of the
life of the nation. And again: When you read how the life-blood
of men is poured out upon the battle-field, how can you help thinking
of the bravery of those men! So, the red of the flag speaks of Courage.
That for which white stands, the world over, is purity. So, the
white in the flag proclaims that sense of Honor which is the safeguard
and strength of the nation — that feeling and conscience which keep
the citizen from doing anything which will offend against the law or
weaken the moral power of the nation.

Who does not know that blue stands for loyalty? Who has not
heard the expression " true blue? " So, the blue in the flag means
Patriotism — that steadfastness of purpose, that devotion to native land,
which makes the citizen proud of every noble deed of his countrymen,
and willing to undergo any trials for her dear sake.

(19)

20 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

THE RIGHT OF THE LINE.

When man with things mortal is through,

When time shall its sceptre resign,
When follows the final review,

Who shall hold the right of the line?
The Captain shall make the award,

Fit place unto each shall assign.
Who, who in Thine army, O Lord,

Shall be given the right of the line?

The nation which gains the award,

Which wins by the right that's divine,
Which holds by the will of the Lord,

Unchallenged, the right of the line;
Shall blazon her banner with stars,

Stars brighter the sky never knew —
Shall deck it with rainbow-hued bars,

The Red and the White and the Bluel

Our country! to Liberty true,

Which ne'er in her service shall fail,
Resisting the rule of the few

That thus may the many prevail.
Our country! which fights the good fight

For manhood where'er it may be,
Which stands for the right 'gainst the might,

Inspiring all lands to be free.

'Tis she who shall be of best cheer

When summoned to final review;
She'll answer with never a fear —

No trembling for those that are true;
All hail her! 'neath Heaven's blue arch

No flag can the Union's outshine,
And they who beneath it shall march

Will be found at the right of the line.

THE FLAG. 21

O goddess of learning, whene'er

A temple is reared unto thee,
Raised high let our banner appear,

The beautiful flag of the free;
For know that whene'er 'tis unfurled,

Thou best canst thy mission pursue,
Thy torch shall illumine the world,

Beaming bright 'neath the red, white and blue.

O goddess of learning, whene'er

A temple is reared unto thee,
Raised high let our banner appear,

The beautiful flag of the free.
Thus they who its splendors behold,

Shall learn as its fame they recall,
A lesson more precious than gold —

The duty of each unto all.

As they gaze their souls shall expand,

Till in ecstacy rises their cry,
" We also at Freedom's command,
Shall count it all honor to die.
To our sires we swear to be true,
Whose memory ever shall shine,
And march in the final review,

With them at the right of the line."

— Wm. H. McElroy.
[Read before the Albany High School on the occasion of presentation of flags by
the Grand Army of the Republic]

At Oriskany five British standards were captured, and upon return-
ing to Fort Stanwix they were hoisted and above them an uncouth
flag, intended tO' represent the American stars and stripes.

This rude banner, hastily extemporized out of a white shirt, an
old blue coat, and some stripes of red flannel, was the first American
flag with stars and stripes ever hoisted in victory.

It was flung to the breeze on the memorable day of Oriskany,
August 6, 1777.

The following explanation of the colors and symbolic meaning
of the " Stars and Stripes," was written by a member of the old Con-
tinental Congress, to whom, with others, was committed the duty of
selecting a flag for the infant confederacy:

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

" The stars of the new flag represent the constellation of States ris-
ing in the West. The idea was taken from the constellation Lyra,
which in the hand of Orpheus signifies harmony. The blue in the field
was taken from the edges of the Covenanter's banner in Scotland,
significant of the league covenant of the United Colonies against op-
pression, involving the virtues of vigilance, perseverance and justice.
The stars were in a circle, symbolizing the perpetuity of the Union;
the ring, like the circling serpent of the Egyptians, signifying eternity.
The thirteen stripes showed with the stars, the number of the United
Colonies, and denoted the subordination of the States to the Union,
as well as equality among themselves. The whole was the blending of
the various flags previous to the Union flag, viz.: The red flag of the
armies and the white of floating batteries. The red color, which in
the Roman day was the signal of defiance, denotes daring, the blue
fidelity, and the white purity."

There is the national flag! He must be cold, indeed, who can
look upon its folds rippling in the breeze without pride of country. If
he be in a foreign land, the flag is companionship, and country itself,
with all its endearments. Who, as he sees it, can think of a State
merely? Whose eye, once fastened upon its radiant trophies, can fail
to recognize the image of the whole nation?

It has been called a " floating piece of poetry; " and yet, I know
not if it have any intrinsic beauty beyond other ensigns. Its highest
beauty is in what it symbolizes. It is because it represents all, that
all gaze at it with delight and reverence. It is a piece of bunting, lifted
in the air; but it speaks sublimely, and every part has a voice. Its
stripes of alternate red and white proclaim the original union of thirteen
States to maintain the Declaration of Independence. Its stars, white
on a field of blue, proclaim that union of States constituting our
national constellation, which receives a new star with every new State.
The two, together, signify union, past and present. The very colors
have a language which was officially recognized by our fathers. White
is for purity, red for valor, blue for justice; and all together, bunting,
stripes, stars, and colors, blazing in the sky, make the flag of our
country, to be cherished by all our hearts, to be upheld by all our
hands. — Charles Sumner.

THE RED, WHITE, AND BLUE.

D. T. Shaw.

i. Oh, Co-lum-bia, the gem of the o - cean,

2. When war wing'dits widedes - o - la - tion,

3. The star-spangled ban-ner bring hith-er,

The home of the brave and the free, The

And threaten'dthe land to de - form, The

O'er Colum-bia's true sons let it wave; May the

shrine of each pa - triot'sde - vo -tion,
ark then of free-dom'sfoun-da - tion,
wreaths they have won nev • er with-er,

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THE RED, WHITE, AND BLUE.

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THE HALF-MASTED FLAG.

T is well for us to keep in mind not only the birthdays of the
jU men who have done great deeds for their country, but on
liill certain occasions also their deathdays. Thus, the one
flif hundredth anniversary of the death of George Washington
was observed on December 14, 1899, in many places, by
many people. At such a time, the flag is not raised clear to
the top of the pole or "mast," but about half-way,— and so we
get the words, " the flag at half-mast," as a symbol of the sorrow
of the true patriots for a great soldier and statesman dying long
ago (like Washington), or perhaps for one just fallen out from the
ranks of the living, like that brave sailor, Lieut. Brumby (died Decem-
ber 17, 1899), the flag lieutenant of Admiral Dewey. This heroic
officer and faithful friend of the Admiral stood by him in the great
naval fight at Manila. Daring and devoted as he was, why should not
the flags throughout his native State of Georgia be placed at half-
mast, and his fellow-citizens recall and record his bravery and
patriotism?

So it is by keeping in remembrance the brave deeds of those
patriots who have died — by telling over again and again the story
of their loyalty — by visiting the places made famous by them,— by
all these things and in many other ways, that children even may learn
many a lesson in true patriotism; and the half-masted flag teaches the

lesson.

SELECTIONS.

HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE !

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest,
With all their country's wishes blest!
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.
(25)

2£ MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

By fairy hands their knell is rung;
By forms unseen their dirge is sung;
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray
To bless the turf that wraps their clay;
And Freedom shall awhile repair,
To dwell a weeping hermit there.

— William Collins.

The past rises before me like a dream. Again we are in the great
struggle for national life. We hear the sounds of preparation, the
music of the boisterous drums, the silvery voices of heroic bugles.
We see thousands of assemblages, and hear the appeals of orators;
we see the pale cheeks of women, and the flushed faces of men, and
in those assemblages we see all the dead whose dust we have covered
with flowers. We lose sight of them no more. * * * We see
them all as they march proudly away under the flaunting flags, keeping
time to the wild, grand music of war, marching down the streets of
the great cities, through the towns and across the prairies down to
the fields of glory, to do and to die for the eternal right. We go with
them one and all. We are by their side on all the gory fields, in all
the hospitals of pain, on all the weary marches. We stand guard with
them in the wild storm and under the quiet stars. We are with them
in ravines running with blood, in the furrows of old fields. We are
with them between contending hosts, unable to move, wild with thirst,
the life ebbing slowly away among the withered leaves. We see them
pierced by balls and torn with shells in the trenches by forts, and in
the whirlwind of the charge, where men become iron, with nerves of
steel. We are at home when the news comes that they are dead. We
see the maiden in the shadow of her first sorrow. We see the silvered
head of the old man bowed with the last grief. These heroes are
dead. They died for liberty. They died for us. They are at rest.
They sleep in the land they made free, under the flag they rendered
stainless, under the solemn pines, the sad hemlocks, the tearful wil-
lows, and the embracing vines. They sleep beneath the shadows of
the clouds, careless alike of sunshine or of storm, each in the window-
less palace of rest. Earth may run red with other wars; they are at
peace. In the midst of battle, in the roar of conflict, they found the
serenity of death. I have one sentiment for the soldiers living and
dead: Cheers for the living, and tears for the dead. — Robert G. Ingersoll.

THE FLAG.

THE PHANTOM ARMY.
And I saw a phantom army come,
With never a sound of fife or drum,
But keeping step to a muffled hum

Of wailing lamentation;
The martyred heroes of Malvern Hill,
Of Gettysburg and Chancellorsville,
The men whose wasted bodies fill

The patriot graves of the nation.

And there came the unknown dead, the men
Who died in fever-swamp and fen,
The slowly starved of prison pen;

And marching beside the others,
Came the dusky martyrs of Pillow's fight,
With limbs enfranchised and hearing bright,
I thought — 'twas the pale moonlight —

They looked as white as their brothers.

And so all night marched the nation's dead.
With never a banner above them spread,
No sign, save the bare, uncovered head

Of the silent, grim Reviewer;
With never an arch but the vaulted sky,
With not a flower save those which lie
On distant graves, for love could buy

No gift that was purer or truer.

So all night long moved the strange array,
So all night long till the break of day
I watched for one who had passed away

With a reverent awe and wonder;
Till a blue cap waved in the lengthening line,
And I knew that one who was kin of mine
Had come, and I spoke — and lo! that sign

Wakened me from my slumber.

— Bret Harte.

2g MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD.

The muffled drum's sad roll has beat

The soldier's last tattoo;
No more on Life's parade shall meet

That brave and fallen few.
On Fame's eternal camping ground

Their silent tents are spread,
And Glory guards with solemn round,

The bivouac of the dead.

Thus 'neath their parent turf, they rest,

Far from the gory field,
Borne to a Spartan mother's breast

On many a bloody shield.
The sunshine of their native sky

Smiles sadly on them here,
And kindred eyes and hearts watch by

The heroes' sepulchre.

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead;

Dear is the blood you gave.
No impious footsteps here shall tread

The herbage of your grave.
Nor shall your glory be forgot

While Fame her record keeps,
Or Honor points the hallowed spot

Where Valor proudly sleeps.

[It was a Southern soldier, Theodore O'Hara, of Kentucky, who wrote the
immortal lines above since cast in bronze, and placed in the national cemeteries where
lie the soldiers who fell for the Union. This refers to last stanza only.]

DIRGE FOR A SOLDIER.

Close his eyes; his work is done!

What to him is friend or foeman,
Rise of moon or set of sun,

Hand of man or kiss of woman?

Laj him low, lay him low,
In the clover or the snow!
What cares he? He cannot know;
Lay him low.

THE FLAG.

Fold him in his country's stars,
Roll the drum and fire the volley!

What to him are all our wars?
What but death-bemocking folly?

Leave him to God's watching eye;

Trust him to the 'Hand that made him.
Mortal love weeps idly by,

God alone has power to aid him.

— George Henry Boker.

Let them rest where nodding clover
Covers husband, friend and lover,
Where the long cool grass leans over,

And the stars their watches keep;
Where with drowsy murmurings
Haunts the bees with tireless wings;
Where all night the cricket sings,

Let them sleep.

Under the guns of the fort on the hill,
Daisies are blossoming, buttercups fill;
Up the grey ramparts the scaling vine flings
High its green ladders, and falters and clings,

Under the guns,
Under the guns of the fort on the hill.

Under the guns of the fort on the hill,
Once shook the earth with the cannonade's thrill;
Once trod those buttercups feet that, now still,
Lie all at rest, in the trench by the mill,

Under the guns,
Under the guns of the fort on the hill.

How they went forth to die!
Pale, earnest thousands, from the busy mills,
And sun-browned thousands from the harvest hills,
Quick, eager thousands from the busy streets.
And storm-tossed thousands from the fishers' fleets,

How they went forth to die!

30 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

A SONG OF THE FLAG.
(Air: Yankee Doodle — each stanza sung to first half of solo.)

Roll a river wide and strong,

Like the tides a-swinging;
Lift the joyful floods of song,

Set the mountains ringing.

Chorus: Run the lovely banner high!
Morning's crimson glory,
Field as blue as God's own sky,
And every star a story.

Drown the guns, outsound the bells,

In the rocking steeple,
While the chorus throbs and swells

Of a happy people.

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc.

For our darling flag we sing,

Pride of all the nation,
Flag that never knew a king,

Freedom's constellation.

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc.

Blest be God, fraternal wars

Once for all are ended,
And the gashes and the scars

Peace and time have mended.

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc.

Massachusetts, Maryland,

Tennessee, Nebraska,
One, Columbia's daughters stand

From Georgia to Alaska.

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc.

Staff and masthead swing it forth —

Liberty unblighted,
West and East and South and North

Evermore united!

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc.

— M. Woolsey Stryker.

SALUTING THE FLAG.

T is well for each boy and girl to own a flag — small and
inexpensive, — or for each district to furnish a sufficient
number. The flags can be lightly fastened upon the wall,
transforming bare and cheerless spots into a bright glow
of colors; or, if patriotic pictures are on the walls, the flags
may be draped about them with excellent effect. Another
plan is to " stack " the flags on the platform or stage, or place them in
a rack provided for the purpose.

Now, let us suppose that the day is so fair, the weather so fine,
that the flags can be displayed out-of-doors. Good! give the chil-
dren the blessed tonic of the fresh air. At a given signal, let each
pupil take a flag from wall or stack or rack. Marshalling them into
line, preceded, if convenient, by a standard-bearer carrying a good-
sized flag or the school banner, let them march — singing a patriotic
verse or two — till they come to the flagstaff on the school green, or
to a spot whence they may see the flag at the roof-peak. Then, at a
proper signal from the teacher, let them salute the flag and repeat in
unison any one of the five pledge-forms printed below — then march
back, " stack arms " and resume seats — ready, if time permits, for
any one of the many programs of this book. If the weather is so bad
that the flag and the children must both stay in-doors, let the salute
and pledge be given as before, and any ten-minute program be taken
up, — the only difference between this and the out-door exercise being,

that in this the flags are left in their places on platform or walls.

(31)

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

UNCOVER TO THE FLAG

Uncover to the flag; bare head

Sorts well with heart as, humbly bowed,
We stand in presence of the dead

Who make the flag their shroud.

Uncover to the flag, for those

Of Concord and of Bunker Hill,
The first to fire on Freedom's foes,

With shouts that echo still.

Uncover to the flag, for him

Who sang the song, the gallant Key,
When in the dawn hour, gray and dim,

He strained, its stars to see.

Uncover to the flag, for one

Who scorned to have his colors dip,
And fighting all but flying none,

Cried, " Don't give up the ship."

Uncover to the flag, for him

Who stoutly nailed it to the mast,
And dauntlessly, or sink or swim,

Stood by it to the last.

Uncover to the flag; the land

It floats above is one anew, —
The North and South, now hand in hand,

See God's skies, gray and blue.

Uncover to the flag; it flew

Above the men who manned the Maine,
The pledge that we will mete the due

Of vengeance out to Spain!

Uncover to the flag; it stands

For all of bravest, all of best,
In us with flower-laden hands,

In those who lie at rest.

— E. C. Chevcrton.

THE WAVING FLAG.

W. K. W.

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THE FLAG. 35

PATRIOTIC PLEDGES.

No. i.

Flag of Freedom! true to thee,

All our Thoughts, Words, Deeds shall be,—

Pledging steadfast Loyalty!

No. 2.

The toil of our Hands,
The thoughts of our Heads,
The love of our Hearts,
We pledge to our Flag!

No. 3-
By the Memories of the Past,
By the Present, flying fast,
By the Future, long to last,
Let the dear Flag wave!

No. 4-
I pledge myself to stand by the Flag that stands for Loyalty, Liberty and Law!

No. 5-
The Youth's Companion " Pledge of Allegiance." (Right hand lifted, palm down-
ward to a line with the forehead and close to it, standing thus, all repeat together
slowly:) " I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands;
One Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for All." (At the words " to my
Flag," the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, towards the Flag and
remains in this gesture to the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands imme-
diately drop to the side.)

No. 6.
CIVIC CREED FOR THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF THE GREAT REPUBLIC.
God hath made one blood all nations of men, and we are His children, brothers
and sisters all. We are citizens of these United States and we believe our flag
stands for self-sacrifice for the good of all the people. We want, therefore, to be
true citizens of our great country and will show our love for her by our works. Our
country does not ask us to die for her welfare only,— she asks us to live for her, and
so to live and so to act that her government may be pure, her officers honest, and
every corner of her territory a place fit to grow the best men and women, who shall
rule over her.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SPEECH AT TRANSFER OF FLAGS.

Color-bearers of the public schools: When on the 17th of May last, the flags
which you now bear were presented by the two posts of the G. A. R. of this city,
you were chosen to represent your schools, because you were thought worthy.

The veterans of the Civil War from whose hands you received them were
men who had shown their loyalty upon bloody battle fields. They felt that they
were honored in intrusting to you these banners. Young hearts that should beat
loyally through the years to come. Young hands that should ever be ready to
strike in defense should the time ever demand it.

After carefully guarding these banners for the time they have been in your
custody, you are about to surrender them to other hands. They who follow you
will in turn be as proud as you. In the years to come all of you will look back
to your school days, and feel that the greatest honor bestowed upon you by your
school was your selection as color-bearers.

My children, you who are delegates from the various schools, this day and cere-
mony mean much to you. It is not the flag, with its stripes and stars of red and
white, its field of blue, that of itself means anything. The language it speaks is
what you should heed, is that which makes it the flag of freedom. Read lessons
from its beautiful folds as unfolding in the fresh breezes of the morning they are
kissed by the bright sunlight. It tells us that it is not the flag of war, but the
flag of peace and good will. Its mission is the friendship of the nations.

But it also tells us that should it ever be necessary to strike against wrong that
the blow will be heavy. If ever it is necessary to draw the sword in behalf of
wronged or oppressed humanity that that sword will not be sheathed until the
wrong is righted, and the hand of the oppressor raised.

Learn that it teaches us to be good citizens, that in all civic affairs we should be
upright and not seek office for the sake of pelf. It teaches us that public duty is a
trust which should be faithfully performed for the good of our country and not for
personal aggrandizement.

Go from here to-day impressed with the thought of being better men and women
because you are to be citizens of this great country, and that you will do your best
to make it better because you are citizens; then my children you shall best honor
the flags, which we intrust to your color-bearers to-day. — W. H. Scott, G. A. R.
veteran.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP II.
THE FLAG PROTECTS

i. Home Song, Home, Sweet Home.

2. School Song, The Schoolhouse and the Flag.

3. Capitol Song, The Star of Freedom.

4. Restored Union Song, 0, Starry Flag of Union, Hail!

(37)

HOME, SWEET HOME.

John Howard Payne.
ist and 2D Soprano.

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THE HOME.

O need to ask you, my young friends, whether you
love your home. It is, indeed, as the good old song
says, " the dearest spot of earth."

And yet, I wonder whether you ever think that
it is only because of the shelter which the flag gives
you that you have and enjoy your homes! If that
flag-shelter were taken away, with it would pass at
once the security of home. The flag, like a guardian angel, spreads its
folds, like wings, above your dwellings, and guards them with unceas-
ing care, and with all the mighty power of the government. Let the
flag, then, fly over your homes. Place it upon the walls of your room,
so that when morning carries the flaming torch of Day before your
window, touching the red, white and blue with a fresh splendor, you
may cry, as once did a famous knight of old, " There's sunshine on the
wall."

SELECTIONS.

HOME.

Home's not merely four square walls,

Though with pictures hung and gilded, —
Home is where affection calls,

Filled with shrines the heart hath builded.
Home! Go watch the faithful dove

Sailing 'neath the heaven above us.
Home is where there's one to love;

Home is where there's one to love us.

Home's not merely roof and room.

It needs something to endear it.
Home is where the heart can bloom,

Where there's some kind lip to cheer it.
What is home with none to meet,

None to welcome, none to greet us?
Home is sweet and only sweet,

When there's one we love to meet us.

(41) — Charles Swain.

42 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE HOME, THE NATION'S SAFEGUARD.

A few Sundays ago, I stood on a hill in Washington. My heart
thrilled as I looked on the towering marble of my country's Capitol.
******

A few days later I visited a country home. A modest, quiet
house, sheltered by great trees and set in a circle of field and meadow,
gracious with the promise of harvest barns and cribs well filled and
the old smokehouse odorous with treasure — the fragrance of pink
and hollyhock mingling with the aroma of garden and orchard, and
resonant with the hum of bees and poultry's busy clucking — inside
the house, thrift, comfort, and that cleanliness that is next to godli-
ness, and the old clock that had held its steadfast pace amid the frolic
of weddings, and kept company with the watchers of the sick bed,
and had ticked the solemn requiem for the dead; and the well-worn
Bible that, thumbed by fingers long since stilled, and blurred with
tears of eyes long since closed, held the simple annals of the family,
and the heart and conscience of the home. Outside stood the master,
strong and wholesome and upright; wearing no man's collar; with
no mortgage on his roof, and no lien on his ripening harvest; pitching
his crops in his own wisdom, and selling them in his own time in his
chosen market; master of his lands and master of himself. Near by
stood his aged father, happy in the heart and home of his son. And
as they started to the house the old man's hands rested on the young
man's shoulder, touching it with the knighthood of the fourth com-
mandment, and laying there the unspeakable blessing of an honored
and grateful father. As they drew near the door the old mother
appeared; the sunset falling on her face, softening its wrinkles and its
tenderness, lighting up her patient eyes, and the rich music of her heart
trembling on her lips as in simple phrase she welcomed her husband
and son to their home. Beyond was the good wife, happy amid her
household cares. And the children, strong and sturdy, trooping down
the lane with the lowing herd, or weary of simple sport, seeking, as
truant birds do, the quiet of the old home nest. And I saw the night
descend on that home. And the stars swarmed in the bending skies,
and the father, a simple man of God, gathered the family about him,

THE FLAG PROTECTS.

read from the Bible the old, old story of love and faith, and then closed
the record of that simple day by calling down the benediction of God
on the family and the home!

And as I gazed, the memory of the great Capitol faded from my
brain. Forgotten its treasure and its splendor. And I said, " Surely
here — here in the homes of the people — is lodged the ark of the cove-
nant of my country. Here is its majesty and its strength. Here the
beginning of its power and the end of its responsibility."

The home is the source of our national life. Back of the national
Capitol and above it stands the home. Back of the President and
above him stands the citizen. What the home is, this and nothing
else will the Capitol be. What the citizen wills, this and nothing else
will the President be. — Henry W. Grady.

MY COUNTRY.

I love my country's pine-clad hills,
Her thousand bright and gushing rills,

Her sunshine and her storms;
Her rough and rugged rocks that rear
Their hoary heads high in the air

In wild, fantastic forms.

I love her rivers, deep and wide,
Those mighty streams that seaward glide

To seek the ocean's breast;
Her smiling fields, her pleasant vales,
Her shady dells, her flowery dales,

The haunts of peaceful rest.

I love her forests, dark and lone.
For there the wild bird's merry tone

Is heard from morn till night.
And there are lovelier flowers, I ween,
Than e'er in Eastern lands were seen,

In varied colors bright.

Her forests and her valleys fair,

Her flowers that scent the morning air,

Have all their charms for me;
But more I love my country's name,
Those words that echo deathless fame, —

" The land of liberty."

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Oh, give me back my native hills,
My daisied meads, and trouted rills,

And groves of pine!
Oh, give me, too, the mountain air, —
My youthful days without a care,
When rose for me a mother's prayer,

In tones divine!

Long years have passed, — and I behold
My father's elms and mansion old, —

The brook's bright wave;
But, ah! the scenes which fancy drew
Deceived my heart, — the friends I knew
Are sleeping now, beneath the yew, —

Low in the grave!

The sunny spots I loved so well,
When but a child, seem like a spell

Flung round the bier!
The ancient wood, the cliff, the glade,
Whose charms, methought, could never fade,
Again I view, — yet shed, unstayed,

The silent tear!

Here let me kneel, and linger long,
And pour, unheard, my native song,

And seek relief!
Like ocean's wave, that restless heaves,
My days roll on, yet memory weaves
Her twilight o'er the past, and leaves

A balm for grief!

Oh, that I could again recajl
My early joys, companions, all,

That cheered my youth!
But, ah, 'tis vain, — how changed am I! *
My heart hath learned the bitter sigh!
The pure shall meet beyond the sky, —

How sweet the truth!

— Hesperian.

THE SCHOOLHOUSE AND THE FLAG.

H. BUTTERWORTH.

Con spirito.

Frank Treat Southwick.

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THE SCHOOL.

ET us all praise and thank the Legislature of our great
Empire State for that law which compels every
schoolhouse to keep the flag flying during school
time. For if home is " the dearest spot," hardly less
pleasant should the schoolhouse be. And what can
help so much to make it pleasant as the sight of the
flag? Faces of the sunniest teachers will sometimes be overcast with
clouds; pleasantest voices sometimes be edged with sharpness; sweetest
tempers sometimes grow sour, like the richest cream after a thunder-
storm; but the flag, ah, the flag! As it floats over the proudest or
poorest schoolhouse in the State, it always greets you in the morning
with a smile of welcome on its pleasant face, and when you start for
home, waves its benediction over you, and shakes out from its folds this
cheery voice: " Come again! I'll be here to greet you."

SELECTIONS.

THE SCHOOL LIBERTY'S SAFEGUARD.

Our glorious Land to-day,
'Neath Education's sway,

Soars upward still.
Its halls of learning fair,
Whose bounties all may share,
Behold them everywhere

On vale and hill!

Thy safeguard, Liberty,
The school shall ever be, —

Our Nation's pride!
No tyrant's hand shall smite,
While with encircling might
All here are taught the Right

With Truth allied.
(47)

48 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Beneath Heaven's gracious will
The star of Progress still

Our course doth sway;
In unity sublime
To broader heights we climb,
Triumphant over Time,

God speeds our way!

Grand birthright of our sires,
Our altars and our fires

Keep we still pure!
Our starry flag unfurled,
The hope of all the world,
In peace and light impearled,

God hold secure.

— Samuel Francis Smith.

THE COMMON SCHOOL.

The sheet-anchor of the Ship of State is the common school.
Teach, first and last, Americanism. Let no youth leave the school
without being thoroughly grounded in the history, the principles, and
the incalculable blessings of American liberty. Let the boys be the
trained soldiers of constitutional freedom, the girls the intelligent
mothers of freemen. American liberty must be protected. — Hon.
Chauncey M. Depew.

UNIVERSAL EDUCATION.

The " fine, old conservative policy," as it was called two centuries
ago, of " keeping subjects ignorant in order to make them submissive,"
has happily given place to one which seeks to educate all the people
in order to preserve liberty, to enforce law, to develop manhood and
womanhood, and to perpetuate the blessings of good government.
Free common schools are open to-day all over our broad land. Col-
leges and universities, high schools, and schools of professional and
technical training offer their privileges to all who seek them. Two
glorious centuries of educational growth, unmatched in the history
of the world! What wondrous changes! What stupendous strides!

THE FLAG PROTECTS. . A~

Philosophers and statesmen have ever recognized the truth that
universal education is the basis of true national prosperity and real
greatness. " The fair fabric of Justice raised by Numa," says Plutarch,
" passed rapidly away because it was not founded upon education."
No truer reason can be given for the decay of everything good in a
State. No nation will ever realize its full possibilities which does not
build upon the education of the whole people, upon the enlightenment
of the masses. Every consideration of public safety points to the
wisdom of emancipating the people from the slavery of ignorance.
Might alone has made the struggle for greatness and has failed. War,
with all its horrors, has proved powerless to make nations great.
Rome, great as she was, and leader of the world, fell, not because she
lacked brave generals and great rulers, but because her plan of educa-
tion did not reach to the foundations of her national life and character.
In a republic like ours, the system of education, to realize its highest
aim, must reach the common people, the " plain people," as Lincoln
loved to call them. It is the highest province of the State to deter-
mine the character and the quality of the education which will best
prepare them for their life work as individuals, and as citizens of the
republic. — Charles R. Skinner, from the President's Address, delivered
before the National Educational Association of the United States, at
Milwaukee, Wis., July 6, 1897.

Our fathers, in their wisdom, knew that the foundations of liberty,
fraternity and equality must be universal education. The free school,
therefore, was conceived the corner-stone of the Republic. Washing-
ton and Jefferson recognized that while religious training belongs to
the church, and while technical and higher culture may be given by
private institutions, the training of citizens in the common knowledge
and in the common duties of citizenship belongs irrevocably to the
State. We, therefore, uplift the system of free and universal educa-
tion as the master force which, under God, has been informing each
of our generations with the peculiar truths of Americanism. — Charles
R. Skinner, from address before New York State Teachers' Associa-
tion, 1897.

r0 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

FREE SCHOOLS INSPIRE LOYALTY TO COUNTRY.
(From the last interview of General Horry with General Marion in 1795.)

Israel of old, you know, was destroyed for lack of knowledge; and
all nations, all individuals, have come to naught from the same cause;
what signifies then even this government, divine as it is, if it be not
known and prized as it deserves? This is best done by free schools.

Men will always fight for their government according to their
sense of its value. To value it aright, they must understand it. This
they cannot do, without education, and, as a large portion of the
citizens are poor, and can never attain that inestimable blessing with-
out the aid of government, it is plainly the first duty of government to
bestow it freely upon them. The more perfect the government, the
greater the duty to make it well known. * * *

God knows, a good government can hardly be half anxious enough
to give its citizens a thorough knowledge of its own excellencies. For
as some of the most valuable truths, for lack of careful promulgation,
have been lost, so the best government on earth, if not duly known and
prized, may be subverted. Ambitious demagogues will rise, and the
people, through ignorance and love of change, will follow them.

Look at the people of New England. From Britain their fathers
had fled to America for religion's sake. Religion had taught them that
God created men to be happy; that to be happy they must have virtue;
that virtue is not to be attained without knowledge, nor knowledge
without instruction, nor public instruction without free schools, nor
free schools without legislative order. Among a free people who fear
God, the knowledge of duty is the same as doing it. With minds well
informed of their rights, and hearts glowing with love for themselves
and posterity, when the war broke out they rose up against the enemy,
firm and united, and gave glorious proof how men will fight when they
know that their all is at stake. — Francis Marion.

THE CAPITOL.

AVE you ever been in the city of Washington, the
capital of your country? If you have, I am sure
you never can forget the noble " Capitol " building,
at one end of Pennsylvania avenue, while at the
other end stands the famous " White House," the
home of the President of the United States.

To the Capitol the approach is very beautiful
and the first sight of the great building very inspiring. Within its
walls the laws which govern our country are made by United States
Senators — two from each state in the Union — and Representatives
from all the states, — the number from each state being based upon
population. Here indeed, from the loftiest peak of the " Capitol,"
should our dear flag fly. For the flag is the emblem of that justice
which the laws of this country must grant to every citizen, no matter
how poor or humble he may be. In this building also sit the Justices
of the Supreme Court of the United States. It is their duty to see that
the laws are right, that justice is done between man and man, and that
respect and obedience are shown to these just laws.

Washington is without doubt one of the most beautiful cities in the
world. It is in the District of Columbia, so-called. This district is
really a territory of the United States, and as such is under the exclusive
care and government of Congress. No finer historical program for the
Capitol could be devised than to have pupils read about the men and
the events that have made Washington, the Capitol, and the Dis-
trict of Columbia, the home of the Capitol — so famous. Then let them
mould their reading into short essays, to be read, compared and con-
trasted as to knowledge of historical perspective shown and real a com-
posing " power.

(Si)

c2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

A few Sundays ago I stood on a hill in Washington. My heart
thrilled as I looked on the towering marble of my country's Capitol,
and a mist gathered in my eyes as, standing there, I thought of its
tremendous significance and the powers there assembled, and the re-
sponsibilities there centered — its president, its congress, its courts,
its gathered treasure, its army, its navy, and its 60,000,000 of citizens.
It seemed to me the best and mightiest sight that the sun could find
in its wheeling course — this majestic home of a Republic that has
taught the world its best lessons of liberty — and I felt that if wisdom,
and justice, and honor abided therein, the world would stand indebted
to this temple on which my eyes rested, and in which the ark of my
covenant was lodged for its final uplifting and regeneration. —
Henry W. Grady.

With each succeeding year, new interest is added to this spot. It
becomes connected with all the historical associations of our country,
with her statesmen and her orators; and alas! its cemetery is annually
enriched with the ashes of her chosen sons. Before is the broad and
beautiful river, separating two of the original thirteen states, and which
a late President, a man of determined purpose and inflexible will, but
patriotic heart, desired to span with arches of ever-enduring granite,
symbolical of the firmly cemented union of the North and South. On
its banks repose the ashes of the Father of His Country; and at our
side, by a singular felicity of position, overlooking the city which he
designed, and which bears his name, rises to his memory the marble
column, sublime in its simple grandeur, and fitly intended to reach a
loftier height than any similar structure on the surface of the whole
earth. Let the votive offering of his grateful countrymen be freely
contributed to carry higher and still higher this monument. May I
say, as on another occasion: Let it rise! Let it rise, till it shall meet
the sun in his coming. Let the earliest light of the morning gild it,
and parting day linger and play on its summit. — Daniel Webster.

THE STAR OF FREEDOM.

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THE RESTORED UNION.

HE Boys in Blue! " When can their glory fade? Have you
not heard your fathers tell of the great Civil War — the
days from 1861 to 1865? How the flag, so dear to us all
in the Northland, was lowered at Fort Sumter on a sor-
rowful April day? How for four years the conflict raged
between the North and the South, with untold loss of life and treasure?
Many of you know the story in a far more touching and sacred way
than text-books could ever tell it to you.

"The Boys in Gray!" When can their valor fade? Fewer in
number than the Northern soldiers, with scantier resources, with the
war raging about their very hearthstones and the beautiful Southland
filled with lamentation and weeping everywhere, how courageously
they fought for the things they held dear! And to-day, thank Heaven,
the flag that was lowered at Sumter floats over an undivided land, a
united people, a Union restored!

SELECTIONS.

A little while after I came home from the last scene of all [the
funeral of Grant], I found that a woman's hand had collected the
insignia I had worn in the magnificent, melancholy pageant — the
orders assigning me to duty and the funeral scarfs and badges — and
had grouped and framed them; unbidden, silently, tenderly; and when
I reflected that the hands that did this were those of a loving Southern
woman, whose father had fallen on the Confederate side in the battle, I
said: "The war indeed is over; let us have peace!" Gentlemen,
soldiers, comrades, the silken folds that twine about us here, for all
their soft and careless grace, are yet as strong as hooks of steel! They
hold together a united people and a great nation; for realizing the
truth at last — with no wounds to be healed and no stings of defeat
to remember — the South says to the North, as simply and as truly as
was said three thousand years ago in that far away meadow upon the
margin of the mystic sea: " Whether thou goes't, I will go; and where
thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God,
my God." — Henry Watterson, at banquet of the Army of the Tennessee
in Chicago. ^55)

56 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE PALMETTO AND THE PINE.

There grows a fair palmetto in the sunny Southern lands;
Upon the stern New England hills a somber pine tree stands,
And each towers like a monument above the perished brave;
A grave 'neath the palmetto — beneath the pine a grave.

The Carolina widow comes this bright May day to spread
Magnolia and jessamine above her soldier dead.
And the Northern mother violets strews upon her son below, —
Her only son, who fell so many weary years ago.

Tears for the gallant Yankee boy — one of Grant's heroes he.

Tears for the stalwart Southern man — the man who marched with Lee.

But love, and only love, between the lonely ones who twine

Their wreaths 'neath the palmetto — their chaplets 'neath the pine.

Oh, tried tree of the Southland! from out whose trunks were wrought
The ramparts of that glorious fort where Sergeant Jasper fought;
Oh, true tree of the Northland! whose pictured form supplied
The emblem for our earliest flag, that waved where Warren died —

Still watch the dead you've watched so long, the dead who died so well;
And matrons mourn, as mourn you must, your lost dear ones who fell;
But joy and peace and hope to all, now North and South combine
In one grand whole, as one soil bears the palmetto and the pine!

— Manley H. Pike.

Sectional lines no longer mar the map of the United States. Sec-
tional feeling no longer holds back the love we bear each other. Frater-
nity is the national anthem, sung by a chorus of forty-five states, and
our territories at home and beyond the seas. The Union is once more
the common atlas of our love and loyalty, our devotion and sacrifice.
The old flag again waves over us in peace, with new glories which your
sons and ours have this day added to its sacred folds. * * * What
a glorious future awaits us if unitedly, wisely aricl bravely we face the
new problems now pressing upon us, determined to solve them for
right and humanity! * * * Re-united! one country again and one
country forever! Proclaim it from the press and pulpit! Teach it in
the schools ! Write it across the skies ! — William McKinley, on his
Southern tour, in 1898.

O STARRY FLAG OF UNION, HAIL!

Words and music by Charles W. Johnson.

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP III.
THE FLAG WAVES OVER

i. The Camp Songj The Camp Fhg

2. The Hospital Song, The Good Comrade.

3. The Exposition Buildings Song, The Centennial Hymn.

4. The Consulate Song, Many Flags in Many Lands.

( The Land Song, Our Own Dear Land.

I The Sea Song, Ocean-Guarded Flag.

(59)

THE CAMP.

HEN your fathers or your brothers enlist to fight for their
country, they do not always march for the battle-field.
They are sent at first " into camp," as we say. Some of
you have seen these camps, — long rows of white tents,
with streets stretching between the rows on either side.
Here, the brave men stay for a long time, spending their time in
drilling, in doing guard duty, and in getting ready for the hardships of
a soldier's life. Then, perhaps after months of waiting, the Secretary
of War, at Washington, sends word to them to " break camp " and
hurry away to the scene of conflict.

Again, a camp is often placed at the very edge of a battle-field,
and there the soldiers, in their tents, try to get a little sleep, not know-
ing but that the bugle may call them "to arms" at any minute.
What a joy it is to a soldier, whether in drill-camp or battle-camp, to
see floating from the tall staff the banner of the stars and stripes, in
whose folds he finds courage for the day of battle!

SELECTIONS.

AN INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP.

You know, we French stormed Ratisbon;

A mile or so away,
On a little mound, Napoleon

Stood on our storming day;
With neck out-thrust, you fancy how,

Legs wide, arms locked behind,
As if to balance the prone brow,

Oppressive with its mind.

Just as perhaps, he mused, " My plans,

That soar, to earth, may fall,
Let once my army leader, Lannes,

Waver at yonder wall,"

52 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Out 'twixt the battery-smoke, there flew

A rider, bound on bound
Full-gallcping; nor bridle drew

Until he reached the mound.

Then off there flung in smiling joy,

And held himself erect
By just his horse's mane, a boy;

You hardly could suspect —
(So tight he kept his lips compressed

Scarce any blood came through)
You looked twice ere you saw his breast

Was all but shot in two.

" Well," cried he, " Emperor, by God's grace

We've got you Ratisbon !
The Marshal's in the market place,

And you'll be there anon
To see your flag-bird flap his vans

Where I, to heart's desire,
Perched him!" The chief's eye flashed; his plans

Soared up again like fire.

The chiefs eye flashed; but presently

Softened itself, as sheathes
A film the mother-eagle's eye

When her bruised eaglet breathes:
"You're wounded!" "Nay," the soldier's pride

Touched to the quick, he said:
"I'm killed, Sire!" And his chief beside,

Smiling, the boy fell dead.

— Robert Broivning.

On the morning of July ist, 1862, five thousand Confederate
cavalry advanced upon Booneville, Mo., then held by Col. Philip
Sheridan with less than a thousand troopers. The Federal line, being
strongly entrenched, was able to hold its ground against this greatly
superior force. But Sheridan, fearful of being outflanked, directed a
young captain to take a portion of two companies, make a rapid detour,
charge the enemy in the rear and throw its line into confusion, thus
making possible a simultaneous and successful attack in front. Sheri-
dan said to him: " I expect of your command the quick and desperate
work usually imposed upon a forlorn hope," at the same time bidding

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 63

him what promised to be an eternal farewell. Ninety-two men rode
calmly out knowing the supreme moment of their lives had come.
What was in their hearts during that silent ride? What lights and
shadows flashed across the cameras of their souls? To one pale boy,
there came the vision of a quaint old house, a white-haired woman on
her knees in prayer, an open Bible by her side, God's peace upon her
face. Another memory held a cottage, all imbedded in the shade of
sheltering trees and clinging vines; stray bits of sunshine around the
open door; within, a fair young mother, crooning lullabies above a
baby's crib. And one old grizzled hero seems to see, in mists of un-
shed tears, a bush-grown corner of the barnyard fence, and through
the rails a blended picture of faded calico, and golden curls, and laugh-
ing eyes. And then the little column halted on a bit of rising ground
and faced — destiny.

Before them was a brigade of cavalry three thousand strong.
That way lay death. Behind them were the open fields, the sheltering
woods, safety, and dishonor. Just for a moment every cheek was
blanched. A robin sang unheeded in a neighboring limb; clusters of
purple daisies bloomed unseen upon the grassy slope; the sweet fresh
breath of early summer filled the air, unfelt by all. They only saw
the dear old flag of Union overhead; they only knew that foes of
country blocked the road in front; they only heard the ringing voice
of their gallant leader ordering the charge, and with a yell, the little

troop swept on.

Flashed every sabre bare,
Flashed as they turned in air,
Charging an army,
While all the world wondered.

So sudden and unexpected was the attack, so desperate and irresistible
the charge that this handful of men cut their way through the heart of
the whole brigade. Then, in prompt obedience to the calm command
of their captain they wheeled, re-formed, and charged again. At this
opportune moment, while the Confederates were in confusion, Sheri-
dan's whole line dashed forward with mighty cheers, and the day was
Avon. That night, forty of the ninety-two kept their eternal bivouac
on the field of battle, their white faces kissed by the silent stars. — John
M. Thurston.

64 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE SONG OF THE CAMP.

" Give us a song! " the soldiers cried,
The outer trenches guarding,

When the heated guns of the camps allied
Grew weary of bombarding.

The dark Redan, in silent scoff,
Lay grim and threatening, under;

And the tawny mound of the Malakoff
No longer belched its thunder.

There was a pause. A guardsman said:
"We storm the forts to-morrow;

Sing while we may, another day
Will bring enough of sorrow."

They lay along the battery's side,
Below the smoking cannon:

Brave hearts from Severn and from Clyde,
And from the banks of Shannon.

They sang of love, and not of fame;

Forgot was Britain's glory;
Each heart recalled a different name,

But all sang " Annie Laurie."

Voice after voice caught up the song,

Until its tender passion
Rose like an anthem, rich and strong, —

Their battle-eve confession.

Beyond the darkening ocean burned
The bloody sunset's embers,

While the Crimean valleys learned
How English love remembers.

And once again, a fiery hell

Rained on the Russian quarters,

With scream of shot, and burst of shell,
And bellowing of the mortars.

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. Q,

And Irish Nora's eyes are dim

For a singer, dumb and gory;
And English Mary mourns for him

Who sang of "Annie Laurie."

Sleep, soldiers! still in honored rest

Your youth and valor wearing.:
The bravest are the tenderest, —

The loving are the daring.

— Bayard Taylor.

THE FLAG OF FREEDOM.

The flag of Freedom floats in pride
Above the hills our fathers saved;

It floats as, in the battle tide,
Above the brave and good it waved.

It wakes the thought of other days,
When they, who sleep beneath its shade,

Stood foremost in the battle blaze
And bared for us the patriot blade.

High o'er its stars our spirits leap
To gratulate their deathless fame,

With them the jubilee to keep,

And hail our country's honor'd named.

Above the plains, above the rocks,
Above our fathers' honor'd graves,

Free from a thousand battle shocks,
Our striped and starry banner waves.

What was the price which bade it ride
Above our loved and native plains?

And are there men would curb its pride,
And bind our eagle fast in chains?

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Spirit of Washington, awake!

And watch o'er Freedom's chartered land;
The battle peal again may break,

Again in arms thy children stand!

— Alonzo Lewis.

REVEILLE.

The morning is cheery, my boys, arouse!
The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs,
And the sleepy mist on the river lies,
Though the east is flushing with crimson dyes.

Awake! awake! awake!

O'er field and wood and brake,

With glories newly born,

Comes on the blushing morn.
Azvake! awake!

You have dreamed of your homes and your friends all night;
You have basked in your sweethearts' smiles so bright;
Come, part with them all for awhile again,—
Be lovers in dreams; when awake, be men.
Turn out! turn out! turn out!
You have dreamed full long, I know,

Turn out! turn out! turn out!
The east is all aglow.

Turn out! turn out!

From every valley and hill there come
The clamoring voices of fife and drum;
And out on the fresh, cool morning air
The soldiers are swarming everywhere.
Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Every man in his place.

Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Each with a cheerful face.
Fall in! fall in!

— Michael O'Connor.

THE CAMP FLAG,

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folds when the winds are loud, And its sky - blue breaks on the sight!
smiles on his drear - y round, For he thinks of the Flag's deal face!

THE HOSPITAL.

/AR is a very cruel thing, never to be begun unless
the honor or safety of the nation demands it;
never to be continued for a single hour beyond
that which is needful. For in every war, many
brave men are killed and many more are wounded.
Now, it is for these poor wounded fellows, as well as for those who
are taken sick, that hospitals are needed. Many of them are only
large tents, put up outside the line of battle. In these hospital-
tents, surgeons and nurses (noble-hearted women) do all they can
to relieve the sick and wounded. If they get better, they are often
sent to a permanent hospital, or better still to the dear home from
which they started for the war.

Nowadays, over every battle-field hospital in all civilized countries
is seen the flaming " Red Cross " of the society of that name. That is
the pledge that the sick and hurt soldiers will not be attacked by the
enemy. And yet, even with that cross of mercy, how dear to the
wounded patriot is the sight of that flag for which he is willing to
give his life — " the last full measure of devotion."

In hospitals, women are the " ministering angels." What a fine,
patriotic exercise children could make up from the services of such
immortal names as Florence Nightingale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and
Clara Barton. Theirs is a heroism and patriotism no less grand and
self-sacrificing than that of the bravest soldier they ever nursed back

to life and health.

(69)

MANUAL OF PAlRIOli^M.
SELECTIONS.

SANTA FILOMENA.

Whene'er a noble deed is wrought,
Whene'er is spoken a noble thought,

Our hearts in glad surprise,

To higher levels rise.

The tidal wave of deeper souls
Into our inmost being rolls,

And lifts us unawares

Out of all meaner cares.

Honor to those whose words or deeds -
Thus help us in our daily needs,

And by their overflow

Raise us from what is low!

Thus thought I. as by night I read

Of the great army of the dead.
The trenches cold and damp,
The starved and frozen camp —

The wounded from the battle-plain,
In dreary hospitals of pain,

The cheerless corridors,

The cold and stony floors.

Lo! in that house of misery
A lady with a lamp I see

Pass through the glimmering gloom,.

And flit from room to room.

And slow, as in a dream of bliss,
The speechless sufferer turns to kiss

Her shadow, as it falls

Upon the darkening walls.

As if a door in heaven should be
Opened and then closed suddenly,
The vision came and went,
The light shone and was spent.

On England's annals through the long
Hereafter of her speech and song,

That light its rays shall cast

From portals of the past.

A Lady with a Lamp shall stand
In the great history of the land,

A noble type of good,

Heroic womanhood.

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. ~L

Nor even shall be wanting here
The palm, the lily, and the spear,

The symbols that of yore

Saint Filomena bore.

— H. JV. Longfellow.

AN INCIDENT.

Do you remember, in that disastrous siege in India, when the little
Scotch girl raised her head from her pallet in the hospital, and said to
the sickening hearts of the English: " I hear the bagpipes; the Camp-
bells are coming! " And they said, " No, Jessie; it is delirium." " No,
I know it; I heard it far off." And in an hour, the pibroch burst upon
their glad ears, and the banner of St. George floated in triumph over
their heads. — George William Curtis.

WOMEN OF THE WAR.
(An anonymous poem composed during the Civil War.)

The dim light of the hospital

Shone on the beds of pain,
And the long night seemed endless,

When in walked " Betsy Jane."
" My God! is this a woman? "

Said one poor soldier boy,
And tears rolled down his manly cheeks,

But they were tears of joy.

And chaos turned to order,

As Betsy Jane stepped in,
And cleanliness which, we are told,

" To godliness is kin."
Hard tack and salted bacon

To chicken broth gave way,
And sanitary stores came in,

And beef tea won the day.
" Oh, see my soft white pillow!

My bed is clean once more."
And " some one's darling " smiled upon

This Woman of the War.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

I know not if our " Betsy Jane "

Was fair to other eyes,
But to her " Boys in Blue " she seemed

An angel from the skies.
Her apron and her gown of serge

Each soldier loved to see,
And blessed her footsteps as she brought

Such "heavenly toast and tea."
All the sweet charities of home

In plenty there she poured,
And each day's work now brought its own

" Exceeding great reward!"

It was not in the earthquake,

Or in the fiery flame,
But in the soothing gentle voice

That then God's angel came.
And when He comes whose right it is

Within our hearts to reign,
And reads from out the Book of Life

The name of " Betsy Jane "—

Oh, in that great Muster Roll

Before the Judge of all,
When faithful servants of the Lord

Shall answer to His call,
Perhaps He'll say to some of them:

" For inasmuch as ye
Have done it to the least of these,

Ye've done it unto Me."
And then with psalms and tossing palms,

Like banners waving o'er,
The pearly gates will open wide

To " Women of the War."

THE GOOD COMRADE.

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German.

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EXPOSITION BUILDINGS.

N the year 1876 there was a great exposition, or exhibition, at
Philadelphia, to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of
our independence as a nation. To that Quaker city gathered
people from every part o£ the globe — many bringing with
them strange wares or costly merchandise from across the
seas. It was a sight never to be forgotten; it made Americans better
acquainted with all the nations of Christendom.

In the year 1893, another and greater exposition was held at Chi-
cago, to celebrate the four hundredth anniversary of the landing of
Columbus upon our shores. So many were the buildings, so beautiful
even by day, so fairy-like by night when lighted by thousands of dazzling
lights, that the millions who saw the sight called it the finest the world
had ever known.

But the fairest vision, after all, both at the " Centennial " and the
" Columbian Exposition " were the countless flags of red, white and
blue that flamed out by night and day — telling of the peace and pros-
perity of our nation, and inviting the people of every nation to a share
in our happiness.

SELECTIONS.

A travelled Frenchman was asked the other day how the buildings
of the Columbian World's Fair compared with those of the last ex-
position in the French capital. After reflecting a moment, he replied:
" The buildings at Chicago are what you might have expected at Paris;
the buildings in Paris were what you might have expected in Chicago."

No world's exhibition was ever better housed, or more conveni-
ently arranged. As it stood on the day of its formal dedication in Octo-
ber (1892), incomplete, its decoration in progress, with the scaffolding
and building stages still marring the architectural effect, in the midst of
the debris of ten thousand working-men, driving on the work, night

and dav, it was already a sufficient answer to the doubt whether the

(75)

76 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

American genius is equal to the creation of any works except those of
mechanical ingenuity. The distinction of the Columbian Exhibition
is not in its magnitude; it is not that it contains the largest building
ever erected in the world; it is in its beauty, its harmonious grouping,
its splendid landscape and architectural effects. This is best compre-
hended as a whole in the approach from the lake. The view there,
especially at the coming of evening, when the long rows of classic
columns, the pillars and domes, are in relief against a glowing sunset
sky, is a vision of beauty that will surprise most and will appeal most
to those familiar with the triumphs of man's genius elsewhere. The
little city of the lagoon, reflected in the water as distinctly as it stands
out against the sky, seems like some fairy exhalation on the shore, sug-
gesting the long perspective of columns on the desert of Palmyra, the
approach by the sea of Marmora to Constantinople, and the canals and
palaces of Venice as seen from Lido. In its light and airy grace it is
like a city of the imagination. — Charles Dudley Warner, in Harper's
Magazine.

NEW YORK DAY AT THE WORLD'S FAIR.

Due honor to the lands
From which we sprung: all hail the ancient fame

Of kindred hearts and hands!
But we began with all that they had won,

A counsel of protection calls us on;
To do no more than they have done were shame.

'Twere better far, I hold,
To see the Iroquois supreme once more

Among the forests old
From hill-girt Hudson's current, broad and slow,

To where 'twixt Erie and Ontario,
Leaps green Niagara with a giant's roar;

To see the paths pursued
By commerce with her flying charioteers

Tangled with solitude.
The Indian trail uncoil among the trees:

The council-runner's torch against the breeze
Its signal fling — "The smoke that disappears."

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 77

To have the wigwams rise
By summer-haunted Horicon so fair;

Fruit blooms and grain-gold dyes
Fade from the shadows in Cayuga's tide,

The vineyards fail on Keuka's sun-beat side,
The mill-crowned cliffs of Genesee, made bare;

'Twere more to my desire
To see Manhattan's self laid desolate.
*******

But out on dreams of dread!
In him I put my waking faith and trust,

A king in heart and head
Who masters forces, shapes material things,

Who loves his kind, whose common sense has wings,
The true American, the kindly just,

Full prompt in word and deed,
And ready to make good some human hope

In time of utter need;
To cross at Delaware the ice's gorge,

Or tread blood-bolted snow at Valley Forge,

Or keep at Gettysburg the gun-shook slope!

*******

— Joseph O'Connor.
[From poem read at World's Columbian Exposition on New York State Day.]

Jackson Park, the pride to-day of Chicago, upon whose buildings,
vast and stately, the majesty of the nation descended this morning in
dedicatory services, tells of the resolve to redeem all promises, to realize
all hopes. Hither shall be brought the products of labor and art, the
treasures of earth and sea, the inventions of this wondrously inventive
century, the fruits of learning and genius. The entire globe is astir
in preparation to fill to repletion the palaces we have erected. The
invitation has gone out to the world in all the fullness and warmth of
the heart of this republic, and the nations of the world have harkened
to it as they never did before to a voice calling men to an exposition.
The best that America can bring, the best the world owns, shall soon
be in Jackson Park.

What may be added? I will give reply. What is there more im-
portant, more precious than matter and all the forms in which matter

~8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

may be invested? Is there not mind? What is there greater than all
the results of the thought — the labor of man? Is there not man
himself, the designer, the maker of his works? Bring hither, then,
mind. Bring men — not merely the millions, anxious to see and to
learn. These do we need; they do not suffice. Bring the men whom
the millions desire to contemplate, and from whom they may receive
valued lessons. Bring the thinkers, the workers, the scholars, the
apostles of action, who have rendered possible or have produced the
marvels which will be housed in Jackson Park, whose dreams make
toward the building up of humanity, whose arms reach out to the
improvement of men along all the lines of human progress. Let
us have the Columbuses of our time. Let us have Parliaments of the
leaders of men convoked from all lands under the sun. In this manner
is your exposition complete in all its parts, truly representative of the
age and truly great. You have matter and men; you have the works
and the workers. In men far more than in matter you have the highest
products of progress. There is progress only when men grow. In
men you have the potent means to determine the progress of the future.
God has made men the agents of progress. — Right Rev. John Ireland,
D. D., at dedication of World's Columbian Exposition.

CENTENNIAL HYMN.

John Greenleaf Whittier
Maestoso.

John Knowles Paine.
It

i. Our fa - thers' God, from

2. Here, where of old by

3. For art and la - bor

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out whose hand The

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Music used by permission of Oliver Di rsoN Company, owners of copyright.

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. gj

New York has built two houses at the Fair. One is the palatial
structure before us, a fitting representation of the dignity and opulence
of the Empire State. The other is an humble structure at the opposite
end of the park destined to show how a workingman and his family
may be enabled to live with due regard to the requirements of sanitation
and healthful nutriment. The house in which we stand has been one
of the sights of the fair. It has been a matter of pride to every New
Yorker visiting Jackson Park that the headquarters of his state were
so beautiful, so commodious, and so popular. He' has found here the
conveniences of a club, the educating influence of a museum, and the
rest and refreshment of a summer villa. The true attitude of the people
of New York toward this Exposition has nowhere been more fitly rep-
resented than in the superb proportions and princely magnificence of
this their State house of call. But if this be New York's idea of the
regal attire which befits her as a guest at the table of nations, the other
edifice — the model workingman's home — is no less typical of her
care for the welfare of the lowly, and her sense that the qualities that
go to make her great are those which are nourished in the homes of the
toilers. — Roswell P. Flower, at World's Columbian Exposition, New
York State Day.

PROGRESS.

O Progress, with thy restless eyes,

Sleepless as fate and tireless as the sun,
The mighty mother of the world's emprise —

Here, where we bring the treasures thou hast won,
Bend thou thine ear and list to our acclaim.

Stay thy imperial march by land and sea,
While we this temple, vocal with thy name,

We dedicate to thee!

Whatever here shall show mankind

That, spite of history's lying page,
Not buried in the years behind,

But forward lies the golden age;
Whatever here shall worthiest stand,

The boon of ages yet to be,
Best fruitage of the brain or hand,

We dedicate to thee.

g2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Whatever here shall truest teach

How round the world may wiser grow
The clearer eye, the wider reach,

The rule of heaven here below;
Whate'er makes Learning's torch more bright,

Or wides the boundaries of the free,

The jewels of our empire's might,

We dedicate to thee!

— William H. McElroy.

[At dedication of New York State Building, World's Columbian Exposition.]

MANY FLAGS IN MANY LANDS.

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THE CONSULATE.

*HE word " consulate " is taken from the Latin and, with
Americans, refers to the building in which any man ap-
pointed by our government transacts, in any foreign port,
or town or city, such business affairs of the government
as may be entrusted to him. Always, except in very
small places, the office is filled by American citizens, perhaps resid-
ing abroad, but more commonly leaving home for the express pur-
pose of representing our country and its interests in foreign lands. But
the Consul — for by that name is he called — has a more sacred duty
to do — that of protecting any American citizen who may be in danger
in a foreign land. Then the flag flying over the Consulate seems to
demand protection for any and all its citizens seeking its shelter. Even
more, — it often protects men of other nationalities. When a Mr. Poin-
sett was our Minister to Mexico from 1825 to 1829, the Mexicans, in
a rage, sought the lives of certain European Spaniards. The Spaniards
fled to the Consulate; the Mexicans pursued, and were about to at-
tack the building, when Mr. Poinsett unfurled the Stars and Stripes,
and standing beneath its folds saved his own life and that of the
frightened Spaniards.

SELECTION.

Moral influence is good, but it is also a good thing to have some-
thing material behind it. A missionary who recently arrived in this
country, from Turkey in Asia, mentioned the following experience:

" I left," he said, the " town of in the morning. In the

afternoon of that day it was attacked by the Kurds, and several hundred
of the inhabitants were slaughtered. When I reached the seaport, in-
tending to take the steamer on the way to America, I was told by the
local authority that I could not have a permit to embark, for he was
commanded to detain a person answering to my description until fur-

(85)

86 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ther orders. I explained to him the necessity of my taking the steamer,
and the great inconvenience of delay. He expressed his regret, but
declared his inability to allow me to proceed. Presently the steamer
sailed without me, and I had to wait another week.

" Day after day passed, bringing only politeness and promises.
The Consul telegraphed to Constantinople, but the telegram had to
pass through the hands of the Government, and my name was pur-
posely so muddled that the Minister could only telegraph back, ' I have
received your communication, but cannot make out to whom it refers.'
At last the Consul managed to get word to the commander of the gun-
boat, which was lying about sixty miles off. Next morning, looking
<out on the Mediterranean, I saw the smoke of an approaching steamer.
As it came nearer, I said to myself, ' Why, that looks like one of the
White Squadron.' Presently I saw at her fore-peak the Stars and
Stripes. She anchored in the port, and the commander called on the
local authority, and said to him, ' I have come to inquire into the case

of Mr. .' The local magistrate, with great urbanity, said, ' Oh,

that is all right. His papers are in order, and he can go at any time.'
The commander replied, ' I am very glad of it, for otherwise I should
have been compelled to demand him.' "

THE LAND.

HE land, your geographies tell you, makes up a large
part of the earth's surface. And I am sure all chil-
dren know that the extent of land, in this " Coun-
try of Ours," as Benjamin Harrison calls it, is very
great; very great also the stretches of sea-coast
hemming in the land. But the larger the land the

worse for the people, unless on every part of it

on every mountain, in every valley — there is en-
joyed the order and protection which the flag represents. In
olden times beacon-fires on hill-tops were the signals for free-
men to rally to their country's aid. Let ours be the better, more
inspiring, signal of the waving flag!

SELECTIONS.

I remember reading a short time ago about a Celtic regiment,
called the Black Watch, which had been gone from home for many
years, and when it landed again upon the shores, the men immediately
kneeled down and kissed the sands of Galway. That's the kind of
patriotism we want now-a-days; the patriotism that loves the soil upon
which we tread, that loves the air that surrounds us here in America,
that loves the stars and stripes because they represent this great re-
public; the kind of patriotism that not only seeks to defend our in-
stitutions, but seeks to elevate our manhood and womanhood.— Anon.

(87)

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

LOVE OF COUNTRY.

Breathes there the man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,

" This is my own, my native land! "
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned,
As home his footsteps he hath turned,

From wandering on a foreign strand!
If such there breathe, go, mark him well I
For him no minstrel raptures swell;
High though his titles, proud his name,
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
And, doubly dying, shall go down,
To the vile dust from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.

— Sir Walter Scott.

Allegretto,

teg

OUR OWN DEAR LAND.

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pres-sion's laws, And fought for God and

thee!
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Thy tow'r - ing hills, thy prai - ries wide, Thy hoar - y for - ests

Our own dear land, our na - tive land, O'er all our homes thy

Our own dear land, our na - tive land, Home ev - er of the

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old and dim, Thy streams that roll in matchless pride, Thy tor - rent's thun - der
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in match-less pride, Thy tor - rent's thun - der hymn,
un - born shall stand Be - side thy he - roes' graves,
of na-ture's hand — Our own dear land for me!
-a- dim.

ft t f—f-,f- , .. „

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From Levekmore's " Academy Song Book," Ginn & Co., Publishers, by permission.

THE OCEAN-GUARDED FLAG.

James Riley.

L. V. H. Crosby.
Air, "Dearest Mae."

£:

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i. That o - cean- guard - ed flag of light, for - ev - er may it fly! It

2. Tim-bers have crash'd and guns have peal'd be - neath its ar - dent glow; But

3. Its stripes of red, e - ter - nal dyed with heart-streams of all lands; Its

flashed o'er Mon- mouth's blood - y fight,

nev - er did that en - sign yield

white, the snow-capped hills that hide

and

its

it Mc - Hen - ry's sky; It

hon - or to the foe; Its

storm their up - raised hands; Its

bears up - on its folds of flame to earth's re - mot - est wave The
fame shall march with mar - tial tread down a - ges yet to be . . To

blue, the o - cean waves that beat round free-donvs cir - cled shore; Its

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names of men whose deeds of fame shall e'er in - spire the brave,
guard those stars that nev - er paled in fight on land or sea.
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Chorus

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THE SEA.

SEA, with all its perils and shipwrecks, seems to
have had little of terror for the hardy seamen
of America. In every war in which we have
fought, their skill and courage have been
shown. And not only ships of war, but ships
of trade have run the gauntlet of the waves.
But battle-skill and commercial supremacy
count for little unless the flag flies from the masthead of every ship and
brightens every harbor and haven into which our ships enter. In
ancient times, the galley-prows bore figures of heathen gods and
heroes. Better far, the adornment of that flag which stands for the
living manhood and immortal valor of our sailor lads!

SELECTIONS.

THE SHIP OF STATE.

Thou too, sail on, O ship of state!
Sail on, O Union, strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,

Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
We know what Master laid thy keel,
What Workman wrought thy ribs of steel,

Who made each mast, and sail, and rope,
What anvils rang, what hammers beat,
In what a forge and what a heat,

Were shaped the anchors of thy hope!
Fear not each sudden sound and shock,
'Tis of the wave and not the rock,
Tis but the flapping of the sail,
And not a rent made by the gale!
(01)

g2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

In spite of rock, and tempest's roar,
In spite of false lights on the shore,
Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea,
Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee!
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears,
Our faith, triumphant o'er our fears,
Are all with thee — are all with thee!

— Henry Wadsivorth Longfellow.

ADMIRAL FARRAGUT.

During the Civil War it was an easy thing in the North to support
the Union, and it was a double disgrace to be against it. But among
the highest and loftiest patriots, those who deserved best of the whole
country, were the men from the South who possessed such loyalty and
heroic courage that they stood by the flag and followed the cause of the
whole nation, and the whole people. Among all those who fought in
this, the greatest struggle for righteousness, these men stand pre-
eminent, and Farragut stands first.

He belongs to that class of commanders who possess in the highest
degree the qualities of courage and daring, of readiness to assume great
responsibility and to run great risks.

As a boy he had sailed as a midshipman, and he saw the war of
1 812, in which, though our frigates and sloops fought some glorious
actions, our coasts were blockaded and insulted, and the Capitol at
Washington burned, because our statesmen and people had been too
short-sighted to build a big fighting navy; and Farragut was able to
perform his great feats on the Gulf coast because in the Civil War we
had ships as good as any afloat.

No man in a profession as highly technical as the navy can win
great success unless he has been specially brought up in and trained
for that profession, and has devoted his life to the work. Step by step
Farragut rose, but never had an opportunity of distinguishing him-
self in his profession until, when he was sixty years old, the Civil War
broke out. He was made flag-officer of the Gulf squadron; and the
first success that the Union forces met with in the southwest was
scored when one night he burst the iron chains stretched across the

THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 93

Mississippi, swept past the forts, sank the rams and gunboats that
sought to bar his way, and captured New Orleans.

In the last year of the war he was permitted to attempt the cap-
ture of Mobile. All he wanted was a chance to fight. He possessed
splendid self-confidence, and utterly refused to be daunted by the
rumors of the formidable nature of the defences against which he was
to act. " I mean to be whipped or to whip my enemy," he said, " and
not to be scared to death."

The attack was made early on the morning of August 5. Every
man in every craft was thrilling with excitement. For their foes who
fought in sight, for the forts, the gunboats, and the great ironclad
ram, they cared nothing; but all, save the very boldest, dreaded the
torpedoes — the mines of death — which lay, they knew not where,
thickly scattered through the channels. Farragut stood in the port
main-rigging of the Hartford, close to the main-top, lashed to the mast.
As they passed the forts, Farragut heard the explosion of a torpedo
and saw the monitor Tecumseh, then but five hundred feet from the
Hartford, reel violently, lurch heavily over, and go down head-fore-
most. This was the crisis of the fight, and the crisis of Farragut's
career. The column was halted in a narrow channel, right under the
fire of the forts. A few moments' delay and confusion, and the golden
chance would have been past, and the only question would have been
as to the magnitude of the disaster. Ahead lay terrible danger, but
ahead lay also triumph. The other ships would not obey the signal
to go ahead, and the admiral himself resolved to take the lead. Back-
ing hard, he got clear of the others and then went ahead very fast.
A warning cry came that there were torpedoes ahead. " Go ahead,
full speed," shouted the admiral, and he steamed forward. The cases
of torpedoes were heard knocking against the bottom of the ship; but
they failed to explode, and the Hartford went through the gates of
Mobile Bay. Within three hours the Confederate flotilla was destroyed,
the bay was won, and the forts around were helpless.

Farragut had proved himself the peer of Nelson, and had added
to the annals of the Union the page which tells of the greatest sea-fight
in our history. — Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, adapted from " Hero Tales.''

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

UNFURL OUR STANDARD HIGH.

Unfurl our standard high!

Its glorious folds shall wave
Where'er the land looks to the sky,

Or ocean's surges lave!
And when, beneath its shade, the brave,

With patriotic ire,
Combat for glory or the grave,

It shall their hearts inspire
With that chivalric spark which first
Upon our foes in terror burst!

Unfurl the stripes and stars!

They evermore shall be
Victorious on the field of Mars —

Triumphant on the sea!
And when th' o'erruling fates decree

The bolt of war to throw,
Thou, sacred banner of the free,

Shall daunt the bravest foe;
And never shall thy stars decline
Till circling suns have ceased to shine.

— Owen Grenliffe Warren.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP IV.
THE FLAG IS SYMBOLIZED

1. The Liberty Cap Song, The Liberty Cap.

2. The Liberty Bell Song, The Liberty Bell.

( The Sword (War) Song, The Sword of Bunker Hill.

( The Dove (Peace) Song, Angel of Peace.

4. The Eagle Song, Where the Eagle is King.

5. The Shield Song, Battle Hymn of the Republic.

(95)

THE LIBERTY CAP.

Words by Gertrude Sneller.

<o_0-j 1 ^ . Tiri-y,.t,.i r «^

E. Dora Cogswell.

PlANO.

Allegretto

tei

Voice.

i. When old moth-er Free-dom a par - ty gave To her sons and her daugh - ters

2. Now Co-lum - bi - a's cap was of red.white, and blue, And be-came her, the dear lit - tie

3. She looked so charm-ing that night at the ball, With the lib - er - ty capon her

9yo=p

--m

bright, She cautioned them all to look their best When they visited her that night
elf! There was none oth-er like it in all the world, For Freedom had made it herself,
head, That Dame Freedom kissed her be-fore them all," You're my favorite child,"she said.

-3 2

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THE LIBERTY CAP.

w^m^^m^mwf4

i. 2. "O Co-lum-bi-a fair, O what will you wear? Too poor for a sty - lish

3. Then here is a cheer for the lib - er - ty cap, With its stripes of the red,white,and

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poor
stripes

for

the

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molto rail.

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a tempo.

wrap !
blue!

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O nev - er mind, child, you will set them all wild,
May Co-lum - bi - a wear

I f you
it thro' all the long years, And her

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sty - lish wrap !
red, white,and blue !

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THE LIBERTY CAP.

cres. e accel.

fe* N

come in your
chil - dren be

lib - er
lov - al

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cap,

true !

If you
And be

come,
true,

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and

IS
A.

YOU

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r\

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And be true,

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you come, If
be true, And

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her chil - dren be

lib
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and

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rail.

THE LIBERTY CAP.

E in America do not often see a liberty cap. That is indeed
too bad. For there could not be a prettier emblem to
grace the heads of America's boys and girls, whenever
they wish to celebrate that Freedom which is the birth-
right of every American. How straight the cap stands! With what
a free and jaunty grace it carries itself! How the ever-beautiful red,
white and blue blend in that bewitching headgear! So, may children
often

Don them to wear,

Doff them to cheer, — for the Flag.

SELECTIONS.

FREEDOM.

Of old sat Freedom on the heights,
The thunders breaking at her feet;

Above her shook the starry lights,
She heard the torrents meet.

There in her place she did rejoice,
Self-gathered in her prophet mind,

But fragments of her mighty voice,
Came rolling on the wind.

Then stepped she down thro' town and field
To mingle with the human race,

And part by part to men revealed
The fullness of her face.

Grave mother of majestic works,
From her isle altar gazing down,

Who, godlike, grasps the triple forks,
And kinglike, wears the crown.
Uoi)

I02 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Her open eyes desire the truth.

The wisdom of a thousand years
Is in them. May perpetual youth

Keep dry their light from tears.

That her fair form may stand and shine,

Make bright our days and light our dreams,

Turning to scorn with lips divine
The falsehood of extremes.

— Alfred Tennyson.

All who stand beneath our banner are free. Ours is the only flag
that has in reality written upon it Liberty, Fraternity, Equality, the
three grandest words in all the languages of men. Liberty: give to
every man the fruit of his own labor, the labor of his hand and of his
brain. Fraternity: every man in the right is my brother. Equality:
the rights of all are equal. No race, no color, no previous condition,
can change the rights of men. The Declaration of Independence has at
last been carried out in letter and in spirit. To-day, the black man looks
upon his child, and says: The avenues of distinction are open to you;
upon your brow may fall the civic wreath. We are celebrating the
courage and wisdom of our fathers, and the glad shout of a free people,
the anthem of a grand nation, commencing at the Atlantic, is follow-
ing the sun to the Pacific, across a continent of happy homes. — Robert
G. Ingersoll.

WILLIAM TELL'S ADDRESS TO HIS NATIVE HILLS.

Ye crags and peaks, I'm with you once again!
I hold to you the hands you first beheld,
To show they still are free! Methinks I hear
A spirit in your echoes answer me,
And bid your tenant welcome home again.

O sacred forms, how fair, how proud you look!
How high you lift your heads into the sky!
How huge you are! how mighty, and how free!
Ye are the things that tower, that shine; whose smile
Makes glad, whose frown is terrible; whose forms,
Robed or unrobed, do all the impress wear
Of awe divine! Ye guards of liberty,

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED.

I'm with you once again! I call to you
With all my voice! I hold my hands to you,
To show they still are free! I rush to you
As though I could embrace you!

Scaling yonder peak,
I saw an eagle wheeling, near its brow,
O'er the abyss. His broad expanded wings
Lay calm and motionless upon the air,
As if he floated there, without their aid,
By the sole act of his unlorded will
That buoyed him proudly up. Instinctively
I bent my bow; yet wheeled he, heeding not
The death that threatened him. I could not shoot.
'Twas liberty! I turned my bow aside,
And let him soar away.

Oh! with what pride I used
To walk these hills, look up to God,
And bless Him that 'twas free. 'Twas free!
From end to end, from cliff to lake, 'twas free!
Free as our torrents are, that leap our rocks,
And plough our valleys, without asking leave;
Or as our peaks that wear their caps of snow,
In very presence of the regal sun.
How happy was I then! I loved
Its very storms. Yes, I have .at and eyed
The thunder breaking from his cloud, and smiled
To see him shake his lightnings o'er my head;
To think I had no master save his own.

Ye know the jutting cliff, round which a track
Up hither winds, whose base is but the brow
To such another one, with scanty room
For two abreast to pass? O'ertaken there
By the mountain blast, I've laid me flat along;
The while, gust followed gust more furiously,
As if to sweep me o'er the horrid brink,
And I have thought of other lands, whose storms
Are summer flaws to those of mine, and just
Have wished me there. The thought that mine was free
Has checked that wish, and I have raised my head,
And cried in thraldom to that furious wind,
Blow on! This is a land of liberty!

— /. Sheridan Knowles.

104

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE VISION OF LIBERTY.

A massive castle, far and high,

In towering grandeur broke upon my eye.
Proud in its strength and years, the ponderous pile

Flung up its time-defying towers;
Its lofty gates seemed scornfully to smile

At vain assaults of human powers,
And threats and arms deride.
Its gorgeous carvings of heraldic pride

In giant masses graced the walls above;

And dungeons yawned below.

Bursting on my steadfast gaze,

See, within, a sudden blaze!
So small at first, the zephyr's slightest swell,

That scarcely stirs the pine-tree top,

Nor makes the withered leaf to drop.
The feeble fluttering of that flame would quell.

But soon it spread,

Waving, rushing, fierce and red,

From wall to wall, from town to town,

Raging with resistless power;

Till every fervent pillar glowed,

And every stone seemed burning coal.

Beautiful, fearful, grand,

Silent as death, I saw the fabric stand.

At length a crackling sound began;

From side to side, throughout the pile it ran;

And louder yet and louder grew,

Till now in rattling thunder peals it grew;

Huge, shivered fragments from the pillars broke,

Like fiery sparkles from the anvil's stroke.

The shattered walls were rent and riven,

And piecemeal driven,

Like blazing comets through the troubled sky.

'Tis done; what centuries have reared

In quick explosion disappeared,
Nor e'en its ruins met my wondering eye.

But in their place,

Bright with more than human grace,

Robed in more than mortal seeming,
Radiant glory in her face,

And eyes with heaven's own brightness gleaming,

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 105

Rose a fair, majestic form,

As the mild rainbow from the storm.

I marked her smile, I knew her eye;

And when with gesture of command,

She waved aloft a cap-crowned wand,
My slumber fled 'mid shouts of " Liberty."

Read ye the dream? and know ye not

How truly it unlocked the world of fate?

Went not the flame from this illustrious spot,

And spread it not, and burns in every state?

And when their old and cumbrous walls,
Filled with this spirit, glow intense,
Vainly they rear their impotent defence:

The fabric falls!

That fervent energy must spread,

Till despotism's towers be overthrown,

And in their stead

Liberty stands alone.

Hasten the day, just Heaven!

Accomplish thy design,
And let the blessings thou hast freely given

Freely on all men shine,
Till equal rights be equally enjoyed,
And human power for human good employed;
Till law, not man, the sovereign rule sustain,
And peace and virtue undisputed reign.

— Henry Ware, Jr.

THE BLACK REGIMENT.

Dark as the clouds of even.
Ranked in the western heaven,
Waiting the breath that lifts
All the dead mass, and drifts
Tempest and falling brand
Over a ruined land; —
So still and orderly,
Arm to arm, knee to knee,
Waiting the great event,
Stands the black regiment.

I06 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Down the long, dusky line
Teeth gleam and eyeballs shine;
And the bright bayonet,
Bristling and firmly set,
Flashed with a purpose grand,
Long ere the sharp command
Of the fierce rolling drum
Told them their time had come,
Told them what work was sent
For the black regiment.

" Now," the flag-sergeant cried,
" Though death and hell betide,
Let the whole nation see
If we are fit to be
Free in this land; or bound
Down, like the whining hound —
Bound with red stripes of pain
In our cold chains again! "
Oh! what a shout there went
From the black regiment!

"Charge!" Trump and drum awoke;
Onward the bondmen broke;
Bayonet and sabre-stroke
Vainly opposed their rush.
Through the wild battle's crush,
With but one thought aflush,
Driving their lords like chaff,
In the guns' mouths they laugh;
Or at the slippery brands
Leaping with open hands,
Down they tear man and horse,
Down in their awful course;
Trampling with bloody heel
Over the crashing steel; —
All their eyes forward bent,
Rushed the black regiment.

"Freedom!" their battle-cry —
"Freedom! or leave to die!"
Ah! and they meant the word,
Not as with us 'tis heard,

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED.

Not a mere party shout;

They gave their spirits out,

Trusted the end to God,

And on the gory sod

Rolled in triumphant blood;

Glad to strike one free blow,
Whether for weal or woe;

Glad to breathe one free breath,
Though on the lips of death;
Praying — alas! in vain! —
That they might fall again,
So they could once more see
That burst to liberty!
This was what " freedom " lent
To the black regiment.

Hundreds on hundreds fell;
But they are resting well;
Scourges and shackles strong
Never shall do them wrong.
Oh, to the living few,
Soldiers, be just and true!
Hail them as comrades tried;
Fight with them side by side;
Never, in field or tent,
Scorn the black regiment

107

— George Henry Boker.

OUR STATE.

The south-land boasts its teeming cane,
The prairied west its heavy grain,
And sunset's radiant gates unfold
On rising marts and sands of gold!

Rough, bleak, and hard, our little State
Is scant of soil, of limits strait;
Her yellow sands are sands alone,
Her only mines are ice and stone!

From autumn frost to April rain,
Too long her winter woods complain;
From budding flower to falling leaf,
Her summer time is all too brief.

108 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Yet, on her rocks, and on her sands,
And wintry hills, the school-house stands;
And what her rugged soil denies
The harvest of the mind supplies.

The riches of the commonwealth

And free, strong minds, and hearts of health;

And, more to her than gold or grain,

The running hand and cultured brain.

For well she keeps her ancient stock,
The stubborn strength of Pilgrim Rock;
And still maintains, witn milder laws
And clearer light, the good old cause!

Nor heeds the sceptic's puny hands,

While near her school the church-spire stands;

Nor fears the blinded bigot's rule,

While near her church-spire stands the school.

— John Grecnlcaf Wkittier,

W. K. W.

Allegretto.

THE LIBERTY BELL.

Music by Hamlin E. Cogswell.

Cho. Ring, ring, ring! for Tyr - an- ny is brok - en j Ring, ring, ring

— rd % — *« — 9 — L^—

Bell of Lib - er - ty ;
Bell of Lib - er - ty ;

Ring, ring,
Ring, ring,

for man -date long since spok - en,
for Lin-coln'sword is spok - en,

-»—

-0 0 0-

V—

Bell of Lib - er - ty;
meno mosso.

Ring, ring, rini
\ es\

for man-date long since spok
Fine. a tempo.

en,

9SI

Mak - ing Our Fa - thers for - ev - er to

Grand - ly pro- claim - ing, Ev-'ry Man is Free.

K !—. . . N >

A— P-

# t i \v

Long, long they fought with
Hard was the strife, 'twixt

-0- -0- -0-' -0- -0-

=Frr

Mak - ing Our Coun - try for - ev - er to

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be free.

fs — I — JY-

:^=^z=aj— gjJ^^z^s.

cour-ageall un -daunted ; Brave -ly they sought to break oppression's chain !
gal-lant Blue and Gray; Fierce-ly they fought as on - ly Sax-ons can.

!=N^

— i — h
— i — t

£^=fc:

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In their proud
Long,long the

I I h

-a-. -0- -0-

D.C. Chorus.
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eyes the pow'r of England flaunted
years that ush - ered Freedom's day,

-+ h I P F- 1

No - bly they fought their free-domdear to gain.
Tell- ing to earth that Ev-'ry Man'sa Man.

the pul
to all t

THE LIBERTY BELL.

HAT boy or girl is there in all this broad land who
does not know the story of the wonderful old
Liberty Bell; how it rang out the glorious tid-
ings of the adoption of the Declaration of In-
dependence? How this message came down
from the steeple as though sent from the skies
to the eager and cheering crowds in the streets
of Philadelphia? How the bell, now old and
cracked, bears upon its surface those words
which can never be uttered without stirring

se of every patriot, " Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land

he inhabitants thereof."

SELECTIONS.

INDEPENDENCE BELL, JULY A,, 1 776.

There was tumult in the city,

In the quaint old Quaker's town,—
And the streets were rife with people,

Pacing, restless, up and down; —
People, gathering at corners,

Where they whispered, each to each,
And the sweat stood on their temples,

With the earnestness of speech.

As the bleak Atlantic currents

Lash the wild Newfoundland shore,
So they beat against the State House,—

So they surged against the door;
And the mingling of their voices

Made a harmony profound.
Till the quiet street of Chestnut

Was all turbulent with sound.
.(in)

112

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

"Will they do it?" — "Dare they do it?" —

"Who is speaking?" — "What's the news?'*-
"What of Adams?" — " What of Sherman?" —

"Oh, God grant they won't refuse!" —
" Make some way there! " — " Let me nearer! " -

"I am stifling!" — " Stifle, then!
When a nation's life's at hazard,

We've no time to think of men!"

So they beat against the portal,

Man and woman, maid and child;
And the July sun in heaven

On the scene looked down and smiled;
The same sun that saw the Spartan

Shed his patriot blood in vain,
Now beheld the soul of Freedom,

All unconquered, rise again.

See! See! The dense crowd quivers

Through all its lengthy line,
As the boy beside the portal

Looks forth to give the sign!
With his small hands upward lifted,

Breezes dallying with his hair,
Hark! with deep, clear intonation,
Breaks his young voice on the air.

Hushed the people's swelling murmur,

List the boy's strong, joyous cry!
"Ring!" he shouts, "Ring! Grandpa,

Ring! Oh, Ring for Liberty!"
And, straightway, at the signal,

The old bellman lifts his hand,
And sends the good news, making

Iron music through the land.

How they shouted! What rejoicing!

How the old bell shook the air,
Till the clang of Freedom ruffled

The calm, gliding Delaware!
How the bonfires and the torches

Illumed the night's repose,
And from the flames, like Phoenix,

Fair Liberty arose!

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. jjo

That old bell now is silent,

And hushed its iron tongue,
But the spirit it awakened

Still lives, — forever young.
And, while we greet the sunlight,

On the fourth of each July,
We'll ne'er forget the bellman,

Who, 'twixt the earth and sky,
Rung out Our Independence;

Which, please God, shall never die!

THE BELL.

In some strange land and time, — for so the story runs, — they
were about to found a bell for a mighty tower, — a hollow, starless
heaven of iron.

It should toll for dead monarchs, "The king is dead;" and it
should make glad clamor for the new prince, " Long live the king! "
It should proclaim so great a passion, or so grand a pride, that either
would be worshipped; or, wanting these, forever hold its peace. Now,
this bell was not to be dug out of the cold mountain; it was to be made
of something that had been warmed with a human touch, or loved
with a human love.

And so the people came like pilgrims to a shrine, and cast their
offerings into the furnace.

By and by, the bell was alone in its chamber; and its four windows
looked out to the four quarters of heaven. For many a day it hung
dumb.

The winds came and went, but they only set it sighing; birds came
and sang under its eaves, but it was an iron horizon of dead melody
still. All the meaner strifes and passions of men rippled on below it;
they out-grouped the ants; they out-wrought the bees; they out-
watched the shepherds of Chaldea; but the chamber of the bell was as
dumb as the cave of Machpelah.

At last there came a time when men grew grand for Right and
Truth, and stood shoulder to shoulder over all the land, and went down
like reapers to the harvest of death; looked into the graves of them

114

MANUAL CF PATRIOTISM.

that slept, and believed there was something grander than living;
glanced on into the far future, and discerned there was something
better than dying; and so, standing between the quick and the dead,
they quitted themselves like men.

Then the bell awoke in its chamber; and the great wave of its
music rolled gloriously out, and broke along the blue walls of the
world like an anthem. Poured into that fiery heat together, the
humblest gifts were blent in one great wealth, and accents feeble as a
sparrow's song grew eloquent and strong; and lo! a people's stately soul
heaved on the waves of a mighty voice.

We thank God, in this our day, for the furnace and the fire; for the
good sword and the true word; for the great triumph and the little
song.

By the memory of the Ramah into which war has turned the land,
for the love of the Rachels now lamenting within it, for the honor of
Heaven and the hope of mankind, let us who stand here, past and
present clasping hands over our heads, the broad age dwindled to a.
line under our feet, and ridged with the graves of dead martyrs; let us
declare before God and these witnesses, — " We will finish the Work
that the Fathers began." — B. F. Taylor.

THE SWORD.

fT may seem strange to call upon the boys and girls of the
Empire State to celebrate the sword — the instrument
by which, in days gone by, in our own land, thousands
have been slain. For the Sword here stands for muskets,
bayonets, guns — small and great — and every sort of
weapon by which brave men have lost their lives in bat-
tle. In other words, it stands for War, with all its cruelties and horrors.
And yet, there come times in the history of every people when they
must draw the sword, or perish. Bad as war always is, slavery is
worse, the loss of freedom is worse. That is why the American colo-
nists, armed with old-fashioned flint-lock muskets, stood so bravely
against the attacks of the British redcoats; that is why

" The farmers gave them ball for ball,
From behind each fence and barnyard wall."

Yes, and more than that: At first the colonists were anxious
merely to secure such rights as they thought were fairly theirs under
the British government; but soon and fast grew the wish for Inde-
pendence — the gift of God to all men. Now, was it not worth while
to fight in such a cause and to gain such a priceless thing? Let other
examples be recalled, and let us not be afraid to rejoice over all true
victories won by The Sword.

SELECTIONS.

Americans need to keep in mind the fact that as a nation they
have erred far more often in not being willing to fight than in being
too willing. Once roused, our countrymen have always been danger-
ous and hard-fighting foes, but they have been over-difficult to rouse.
The educated classes in particular need to be perpetually reminded that,

(115)

TI5 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

though it is an evil thing to brave a conflict needlessly, or to bully and
bluster, it is an even worse thing to flinch from a fight for which there
is legitimate provocation.

xA-merica is bound scrupulously to respect the rights of the weak,
but she is no less bound to make stalwart insistence on her own rights
as against the strong. — Gov. Theodore Roosevelt.

THE RISING IN 1 776.

Out of the North the wild news came,
Far flashing on its wings of flame,
Swift as the boreal light which flies
At midnight through the startled skies.
And there was tumult in the air,

The fife's shrill note, the drum's loud beat,
And through the wide land everywhere

The answering tread of hurrying feet;
While the first oath of Freedom's gun
Came on the blast from Lexington;
And Concord roused, no longer tame,
Forgot her old baptismal name,
Made bare her patriot arm of power,
And swelled the discord of the hour.

Within its shade of elm and oak

The church of Berkeley Manor stood;
There Sunday found the rural folk.

And some esteemed of gentle blood.

In vain their feet with loitering tread
Passed 'mid the graves where rank is naught;
All could not read the lesson taught

In that republic of the dead.

The pastor came; his snowy locks

Hallowed his brow of thought and care;

And calmly, as shepherds lead their flocks,
He led into the house of prayer.

The pastor rose; the prayer was strong;

The psalm was warrior David's song;

The text, a few short words of might,

" The Lord of hosts shall arm the right! "

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED.

He spoke of wrongs too long endured,
Of sacred rights to be secured;
Then from his patriot tongue of flame
The startling words for freedom came.
The stirring sentences he spake
Compelled the heart to glow or quake;
And, rising on his theme's broad wing,

And grasping in his nervous hand

The imaginary battle brand,
In face of death he dared to fling
Defiance to a tyrant king.

Even as he spoke, his frame, renewed
In eloquence of attitude.
Rose, as it seemed, a shoulder higher;
Then swept his kindling glance of fire
From startled pew to breathless choir;
When suddenly his mantle wide
His hands impatient flung aside,
And lo! he met their wondering eyes,
Complete, in all a warrior's guise.

A moment there was awful pause.

When Berkeley cried, " Cease, traitor! cease,

God's temple is the house of peace! "

The other shouted, " Nay, not so!
When God is with our righteous cause
His holiest places, then, are ours,
His temples are our forts and towers,

That frown upon the tyrant foe;
In this, the dawn of Freedom's day,
There is a time to fight and pray! "

And now before the open door,

The warrior priest had ordered so,

The enlisting trumpet's sudden roar

Rang through the chapel o'er and o'er,
Its long reverberating blow,

So loud and clear, it seemed the ear

Of dusty death must wake and hear.

And there the startling drum and fife

Fired the living with fiercer life;

117

U8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

While overhead, with wild increase,
Forgetting its ancient toll of peace,

The great bell swung as ne'er before;
It seemed as it would never cease;
And every word its ardor flung
From off its jubilant iron tongue

Was, "War! War! War!"

"Who dares?' this was the patriot's cry,
As striding from the desk he came,
" Come out with me, in Freedom's name.
For her to live, for her to die?"
A hundred hands flung up reply,
A hundred voices answered, " I."

— T. Buchanan Read.

Be it in the defense or be it in the assertion of a people's rights, I
hail the sword as a sacred weapon; and if it has sometimes taken too
deep a dye, yet, like the anointed rod of the High Priest, it has at
other times, and as often, blossomed into celestial flowers to deck the
freeman's brow. Abhor the sword? Stigmatize the sword? No! for
in the passes of the Tyrol it cut to pieces the banner of the Bavarian,
and through those craggy defiles struck a path to fame for the peasant
insurrectionist of Innspruck. Abhor the sword? Stigmatize the
sword? No! for it swept the Dutch marauders out of the fine old
towns of Belgium, scourged them back to their own phlegmatic
swamps, and knocked their flag and sceptre, their laws and bayonets
into the sluggish waters of the Scheldt. Abhor the sword? Stigma-
tize the sword? NO! For at its blow a giant nation started from
the waters of the Atlantic, and by the redeeming magic of the sword,
and in the quivering of its crimson light, the crippled colonies sprang
into the attitude of a proud republic, — prosperous, limitless, invinci-
ble.— Thomas Francis Meagher.

THE SWORD OF BUNKER HILL.

William Ross Wallace.

Bernard Covert.

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THE DOVE.

DOVE is quite a common sight to children living
in the country — and a great many boys and girls
could write very interesting compositions about
its beauty, its quiet ways, and its contented life.
They could weave into their thoughts, also, that
beautiful story of olden times about the dove that
was once sent forth from an ark, at a time when the whole of the
Earth's surface was covered with water, to see if she could find a
resting place "for the sole of her foot;" and how at first she could
find none, but going forth again, after seven days resting in the ark,
she returned at evening — " and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf
pluckt off; " so the people in the ark knew that the waters had abated.
Well, ever since that time, almost, the olive leaf, or branch, has meant
victory — just as the dry land gained a victory over the water,— and
the Dove has been the symbol of Peace — just as peace and happiness
came to the dwellers shut up in the storm-tossed ark on the top of the
mountain. Now what more pleasant celebration can happy children
have, than to read and talk and sing about the glory and prosperity
which comes to a nation that is at peace with all the world? Let us
talk about the sword and cruel war when we must because our country
is in peril; but let the songs of Peace and its praises be ever upon our
lips, until

" The war-drums beat no longer,
And the battle-flags are furled
In the Parliament of Man,
The Federation of the World."
(125)

126 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

There is a story told
In Eastern tents, when autumn nights grow cold,
And round the fire the Mongol shepherds sit
With grave responses listening unto it;
Once, on the errands of his mercy bent,
Buddha, the holy and benevolent,
Met a fell monster, huge and fierce of look,
Whose awful voice the hills and forests shook.
"O son of Peace!" the giant cried, "thy fate
Is sealed at last, and love shall yield to hate."
The unarmed Buddha looking, with no trace
Of fear or anger, in the monster's face,

With pity said: " Poor fiend, even thee I love."
Lo! as he spake, the sky-tall terror sank
To hand-breadth size; the huge abhorrence shrank

Into the form and fashion of a dove;
And where the thunder of its rage was heard,
Brooding above him sweetly sang the bird;
" Hate hath no harm for love," so ran the song,
And peace unweaponed conquers every wrong! "

— John Grccnlcaf IVhittier.

It is a beautiful picture in Grecian story, that there was at least
one spot, the small island of Delos, dedicated to the gods, and kept at
all times sacred from war. No hostile foot ever sought to press this
kindly soil; and the citizens of all countries here met, in common
worship, beneath the aegis of inviolable peace. So let us dedicate our
beloved country; and may the blessed consecration be felt in all its
parts, throughout its ample domain! The temple of honor shall
be surrounded here at last, by the Temple of Concord, that it
may never more be entered by any portal of war; the horn of abun-
dance shall overflow at its gates; the angel of religion shall be the
guide over its steps of flashing adamant; while within its enraptured
courts, purged of violence and wrong, justice, returning to earth
from her long exile in the skies, with mighty scales for nations as for
men, shall rear her serene and majestic front; and by her side, greatest.

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. I2-

of all, charity, sublime in meekness, hoping all and enduring all,
shall divinely temper every righteous decree and with words of infinite
cheer shall inspire those good works that cannot vanish away. And
the future chiefs of the Republic, destined to uphold the glories of a
new era, unspotted by human blood, shall be " the first in Peace, and
the first in the hearts of their countrymen."

But while seeking these blissful glories for ourselves, let us strive
to extend them to other lands. Let the bugles sound the Truce of God
to the whole world forever. Let the selfish boast of the Spartan
women become the grand chorus of mankind, that they have never
seen the smoke of an enemy's camp. Let the iron belt of martial
music, which now encompasses the earth, be exchanged for the golden
cestus of Peace, clothing all with celestial beauty.— Charles Sumner,
from " The True Grandeur of Nations," an oration delivered before the
authorities of the city of Boston, July 4, 1845.

THE ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD.

This is the arsenal. From floor to ceiling,
Like a huge organ, rise the burnished arms;

But from their silent pipes no anthem pealing
Startles the villages with strange alarms.

Ah! what a sound will rise, how wild and dreary,
When the Death-angel touches these swift keys!

What loud lament and dismal Miserere
Will mingle with their awful symphonies!

I hear even now the infinite fierce chorus,
The cries of agony, the endless groan,

Which, through the ages that have gone before us,
In long reverberations reach our own.

On helm and harness rings the Saxon hammer.

Through Cimbric forest roars the Norseman's song,
And loud, amid the universal clamor,

O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong.

I2g MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

I hear the Florentine, who from his palace
Wheels out his battle-bell with dreadful din,

And Aztec priests upon their teocallis

Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin.

The tumult of each sacked and burning village;

The shout that every prayer for mercy drowns;
The soldiers1 revels in the midst of pillage;

The wail of famine in beleaguered towns;

The bursting shell, the gateway wrenched asunder,

The rattling musketry, the clashing blade;
And ever and anon, in tones of thunder,

The diapason of the cannonade.

Is it, O man, with such discordant noises,

With such accursed instruments as these,
Thou drownest Nature's sweet and kindly voices,

And jarrest the celestial harmonies?

Were half the power that fills the world with terror,
Were half the wealth bestozved on camps and courts,

Given to redeem the human mind from error,
There were no need of arsenals or forts:

The warrior's name would be a name abhorred!

And every nation that should lift again
Its hand against a brother, on its forehead

Would wear for evermore the curse of Cain!

Down the dark future, through long generations,
The echoing sounds grow fainter, and then cease;

And like a bell, with solemn, sweet vibrations,
/ hear once more the voice of Christ say, "Peace! "

Peace! and no longer from its brazen portals
The blast of War's great organ shakes the skies!

Hut, beautiful as songs of the immortals,
The holy melodies of love arise.

— H. W. Longfellow.

THE EAGLE.

HIS, surely, is true: If you have ever seen an Eagle
shut up in a cage, deprived of the power to fly, and
no scream of triumph ever issuing from his throat, it
must have given you a faint idea of the forlorn and
unhappy plight of any human being when deprived of

liberty, pining away in hopeless captivity.

If you have ever watched that same bird flying high and strong,

or have seen him perched upon some tall cliff or crag, rejoicing in the

upper air, and gazing with unblinking eyes upon the sun, — you have

seen a fine illustration of the joys of Freedom.

SELECTIONS.

THE EAGLE.
Bird of the broad and sweeping wing

Thy home is high in heaven,
Where wide the storms their banners fling,

And the tempest clouds are driven.
Thy throne is on the mountain top;

Thy fields — the boundless air;
And hoary peaks that proudly prop

The skies, thy dwellings are.

*******

And where was then thy fearless flight?

" O'er the dark, mysterious sea.
To the lands that caught the setting light,

The cradle of liberty.
There on the silent and lonely shore,

For ages I watched alone,
And the world, in its darkness, asked no more

Where the glorious bird had flown.

But then came a bold and hardy few,
And they breasted the unknown wave;

I caught afar the wandering crew,

And I knew they were high and brave.

9 (129)

130

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

I wheeled around the welcome bark,

As it sought the desolate shore;
And up to heaven, like a joyous lark,

My quivering pinions bore.

And now that bold and hardy few

Are a nation wide and strong;
And danger and doubt I have led them through,

And they worship me in song;
And over their bright and glancing arms

On field, and lake, and sea,
With an eye that fires, and a spell that charms,

I guide them to victory."

— James Gates Pcrcival.

THE AMERICAN EAGLE.

Bird of Columbia! well art thou

An emblem of our native land;
With unblenched front and noble brow,

Among the nations doomed to stand;
Proud, like her mighty mountain woods;

Like her own rivers wandering free;
And sending forth from hills and floods

The joyous shout of liberty!
Like thee, majestic bird! like thee,

She stands in unbought majesty,
With spreading wing, untired and strong,

That dares a soaring far and long,
That mounts aloft, nor looks below,

And will not quail, though tempests blow

The admiration of the earth,
In grand simplicity she stands;

Like thee, the storms beheld her birth,
And she was nursed by rugged hands;

But, past the fierce and furious war,
Her rising fame new glory brings,

For kings and nobles come from far
To seek the shelter of her wings.
And like thee, rider of the cloud,
She mounts the heavens, serene and proud,
Great in a pure and noble fame,
Great in her spotless champion's name,
And destined in her day to be
Mighty as Rome, more nobly free. — C. W. Thompson.

Thomas Buchanan Read.

Martial style.

WHERE THE EAGLE IS KING.

William F. Hartley.

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THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 133

THE GRAY FOREST EAGLE.
********
An emblem of freedom, stern, haughty, and high,
Is the Gray Forest Eagle, that king of the sky.
When his shadows steal black o'er the empires of kings,
Deep terror, — deep, heart-shaking terror, — he brings;
Where wicked oppression is armed for the weak,
There rustles his pinion, there echoes his shriek;
His eye flames with vengeance, he sweeps on his way,
And his talons are bathed in the blood of his prey.

O, that Eagle of Freedom! when cloud upon cloud
Swathed the sky of my own native land with a shroud.
When lightnings gleamed fiercely, and thunderbolts rung,
How proud to the tempest those pinions were flung!
Though the wild blast of battle rushed fierce through the air
With darkness and dread, still the eagle was there;
Unquailing, still speeding his swift flight was on,
Till the rainbow of peace crowned the victory won.

O, that Eagle of Freedom! age dims not his eye.
He has seen earth's mortality spring, bloom, and die!
He has seen the strong nations rise, flourish, and fall,
He mocks at Time's changes, he triumphs o'er all;
He has seen our own land with forests o'erspread,
He sees it with sunshine and joy on its head;
And his presence will bless this his own chosen clime,
Till the Archangel's fiat is set upon time.

— Alfred B. Street.

THE EAGLE.

He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ring'd with the azure world, he stands.

The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
He watches from his mountain walls;
And like a thunderbolt he falls.

— Alfred Tennyson.

!34 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Many years ago, a white-headed eagle was taken from its nest
when only four months old, and sold to a Wisconsin farmer for a
bushel of corn. The bird was very intelligent, and attracted the atten-
tion of a gentleman, who purchased and presented him to the Eighth
Regiment of Wisconsin, then preparing to go to the front. The eagle
was gladly received, and given a place next to the regimental flag.
For three years he followed the " Live Eagle Regiment/' being near
its flag in thirty battles.

This majestic bird was always moved and most demonstrative at
the sound of martial music. He shared all the battles of the regiment,
but no drop of his blood was ever sacrificed. Vainly did rebel sharp-
shooters aim at his dark figure, conspicuously " painted on the crimson
sky; " he seemed to bear a charmed life; and his loyal comrades almost
looked up to him as their leader, and with pride believed in him as a
bird of good omen. He was named " Old Abe," sworn into the ser-
vice, and proved to be every inch a soldier, listening to and obeying
orders, noting time most accurately, always after the first year giving
heed to " attention," insisting upon being in the thickest of the fight,
and when his comrades, exposed to great danger from the terrible fire
of the enemy, were ordered to lie down, he would flatten himself upon
the ground with them, rising when they did, and with outspread pin-
ions soar aloft over the carnage and smoke of the battle. When the
cannons were pouring forth destruction and death, above the roar and
thunder of the artillery rose his wild, shrill, battle-cry of freedom. He
was always restless before the march to the encounter, but after the
smoke of the battlefield had cleared away he would doff his soldier-
like bearing, and with wild screams of delight would manifest his joy
at the victory; but if defeat was the result his discomfiture and deep
sorrow was manifested by every movement of his stately figure, but
drooping head. — Adapted from M. S. Porter.

THE SHIELD.

'OW great was the reliance of the Roman soldier upon
his shield! With it, he warded off the arrows of his
enemies aimed at his body; holding it over him, like
a roof, he sheltered his head from storms of mis-
siles hurled at him from higher places. But woe be
to him, if his shield was not strong enough to with-
stand the weapons dashed against it!

Recall, also, the command of the Spartan mother to her soldier-
son: " My son, return with your shield or upon it." That meant
that the soldier was to win the victory if possible; if not, was to give
up his life in defense of his country, and be borne home upon his shield
as a pall of honor.

So, Our Country is a shield of Law and Justice, giving to every
citizen its sure and safe protection. May that shield never be so
weak that it cannot withstand the attacks of any and every foe!

On the other hand, every citizen should be as a shield for his
country — trying to win right victories for her, or ready, if need be, to
die for her, like the Spartan soldier of old.

SELECTIONS.

THE TRUE PATRIOT.

E'en when in hostile fields he bleeds to save her,

'Tis not his blood he loses, 'tis his country's;

He only pays her back a debt he owes.

To her he's bound for birth and education,

Her laws secure him from domestic feuds.

And from the foreign foe her arms protect him.

She lends him honors, dignity, and rank,

His wrong revenges, and his merit pays;

And like a tender and indulgent mother,

Loads him with comforts, and would make his state

As blessed as nature and the gods designed it.

— William Cowper.
(135)

I36 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

I do not know how far the United States of America can inter-
fere in Turkey, but American citizens are suffering in Armenia, and
so far as American citizens are concerned, I would protect them there
at any cost. We have given no assent to the agreement of European
nations that the Dardanelles should be closed; and if it were necessary
to protect American citizens and their property, I would order United
States ships, in spite of forts, in spite of agreements, to sail up the
Dardanelles, plant themselves before Constantinople, and demand that
American citizens should have the protection to which they are entitled.
I do not love Great Britain particularly; but I think that one of the
grandest things in all the history of Great Britain is that she does
protect her subjects everywhere, anywhere, and under all circum-
stances. This incident is a marvellous illustration of the protection
which Great Britain gives to her subjects: The King of Abyssinia took
a British subject, about twenty years ago, carried him up to the fortress
of Magdala, on the heights of a rocky mountain, and put him into a
dungeon, without cause assigned. It took six months for Great
Britain to find that out. Then she demanded his immediate release.
King Theobald refused. In less than ten days after that refusal was
received, ten thousand English soldiers were on board ships of war,
and were sailing down the coast. When they reached the coast, they
were disembarked, marched across that terrible country, a distance of
seven hundred miles, under a burning sun, up the mountain, up to the
very heights in front of the frowning dungeon; and there they gave
battle, battered down the iron gates of the stone walls, reached down
into the dungeon, and lifted out of it that one British subject. Then
they carried him down the mountain, across the land, put him on board
a white-winged ship, and sped him home in safety. That cost Great
Britain twenty-five millions of dollars. But was it not a great thing
for a great country to do? A country that can see across the ocean,
across the land, away up to the mountain height, and away down to
the darksome dungeon, one subject of hers, out of thirty-eight millions
of people, and then has an arm strong enough, and long enough to
stretch across the same ocean, across the same lands, up the same
mountain heights, down to the same dungeon, and lift him out and

THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. j~-

carry him home to his own country and friends, in God's name, who
would not die for a country that will do that? Well, our country will
do it, and our country ought to do it; and all that I ask is that our
country shall model itself after Great Britain in this one thing: The
life of an American citizen must be protected, wherever he may be.—
William P. Frye, from a speech delivered in the United States Senate,
on the Armenian resolutions.

STARS IN MY COUNTRY'S SKY ARE YE ALL THERE?

Are ye all there? Are ye ajl there,

Stars in my country's sky?
Are ye all there? Are ye all there,
In your shining homes on high?
"Count us! Count us," was their answer,
As they dazzled on my view,
In glorious perihelion,
Amid their field of blue.

I cannot count ye rightly;

There's a cloud with sable rim;
I cannot make your number out,

For my eyes with tears are dim.
O bright and blessed angel,

On white wing floating by,
Help me to count, and not to miss

One star in my country's sky!

Then the angel touched mine eyelids,

And touched the frowning cloud;
And its sable rim departed,

And it fled with murky shroud.
There was no missing Pleiad

'Mid all that sister race;
The Southern Cross gleamed radiant forth,

And the Pole Star kept its place.

Then I knew it was the angel

Who woke the hymning strain
That at our Redeemer's birth

Pealed out o'er Bethlehem's pjain;

138 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

And still its heavenly key-stone
My listening country held,

For all her constellated stars
The diapason swelled.

— Lydia Huntley Sigourney.

E PLURIBUS UNUM.

Though many and bright are the stars that appear

In that flag by our country unfurled,
And the stripes that are swelling in majesty there,

Like a rainbow adorning the world,
Their light is unsullied as those in the sky

By a deed that our fathers have done,
And they're linked in as true and as holy a tie

In their motto of " Many in one."

Then up with our flag! — let it stream on the air;

Though our fathers are cold in their graves,
They had hands that could strike, they had souls that could dare,

And their sons were not born to be slaves.
Up, up with that banner! where'er it may call.

Our millions shall rally around,
And a nation of freemen that moment shall fall

When its stars shall be trailed on the ground.

— George Washington Cutler.

BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC.

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP V.
THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX

i. The Minute Man, 3. March of Flags,

2. Departure and Return of 4. Army and Navy,

States, 5, Homage to Columbia, —

and

THE FLAG GLORIFIES THE PATRIOTIC UTTERANCES

1. Longfellow, 3. Holmes,

2. Whittier, 4. Lowell.

(141)

TABLEAUX.

HERE is hardly any kind of patriotic exercise in which
children give so much pleasure, or from which they re-
ceive so much profit, as in the representation, in costume,
of a great historical event. It is true that such picture-
grouping cannot easily be arranged for an ordinary school-
opening. But now and then, on a public occasion in afternoon
or evening, there is nothing into which children will so heartily
enter as such a pictorial exercise; and there is always some teacher,
or children's friend, to be found who has the needful enthusiasm,
intelligence and ingenuity to make the matter a success. And let
nobody think that great elaboration or expense of costuming is
needful. Things simply and inexpensively made, or the use of an
old-time coat or dress found in a garret or unused drawer at home,
may serve all needful purposes. To all taking part, the meaning of
the exercise should be made clear, — and indeed it is well, on printed
program, or by oral explanation, to give a preliminary hint to the
audience. Several pictorial programs follow, for the benefit of those
who believe that novelty induces interest, and interest — in things
patriotic as in things financial — begets profit.

NO. I. " THE MINUTE MAN."

The name, " Minute Man " refers to those patriots in the time of
the American Revolution, who were ready, " at a minute's notice " to
seize their muskets and fight against the British. This was exactly
what they did when the " Redcoats " came marching from Boston on
through Lexington to Concord. No better idea could be given of the
intention of the British than is conveyed by Longfellow's poem of
" Paul Revere's Ride." This might be read or recited before the
tableau is shown. In the tableau the central figure should be a minute
man. A good model of him may be had by studying a photograph of

(143)

144

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

French's " Minute Man," a finely chiseled bronze statue, standing near
the Concord bridge, at a point where the colonial farmers met the
British regulars, and sent them, frightened and flying, back towards
Boston. About this central figure group thirteen girls, in white, repre-
senting the original colonies that stood " shoulder to shoulder " during
the Revolution; their arms raised and hands extended as if to bid the
rustic soldier " God speed " in his defence of native land. While the
tableau is still in view, let a clear-voiced and intelligent pupil repeat the
famous ode written and recited by the great American scholar and
patriot, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Here it is:

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once the embattled farmers stood,
And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,

We set to-day a votive stone;
That memory may their deed redeem,

When, like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made these heroes dare
To die, and leave their children free,

Bid Time and Nature gently spare

The shaft we raise to them and thee.

As the poem ends, or even before if the young folks cannot hold
their positions, let the curtain fall, and have a good boy speaker declaim
" The Minute Man " by another great American, George William
Curtis.

THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. I45

THE MINUTE MAN.

The Minute Man of the Revolution! And who was he? He was
the husband and father, who left the plough in the furrow, the hammer
on the bench, and, kissing wife and children, marched to die or to be
free! He was the old, the middle aged, the young. He was Captain
Miles, of Acton, who reproved his men for jesting on the march! He
was Deacon Josiah Haines, of Sudbury, eighty years old, who marched
with his company to South Bridge, at Concord, then joined in that hot
pursuit to Lexington, and fell as gloriously as Warren at Bunker Hill.
He was James Hayward of Acton, twenty-two years old, foremost in
that deadly race from Charlestown to Concord, who raised his piece at
the same moment with a British soldier, each exclaiming, " You are a
dead man! " The Briton dropped, shot through the heart. Hayward
fell, mortally wounded. This was the Minute Man of the Revolution!
The rural citizen, trained in the common school, the town meeting,
who carried a bayonet that thought, and whose gun, loaded with a
principle, brought down, not a man, but a system. With brain and
heart and conscience all alive, he opposed every hostile order of British
council. The cold Grenville, the brilliant Townsend, the reckless Hills-
borough, derided, declaimed, denounced, laid unjust taxes, and sent
troops to collect them, and the plain Boston Puritan laid his finger on
the vital point of the tremendous controversy, and held to it inexorably.
Intrenched in his own honesty, the king's gold could not buy him;
enthroned in the love of his fellow-citizens, the king's writ could not
take him; and when, on the morning at Lexington, the king's troops
marched to seize him, his sublime faith saw, beyond the clouds of the
moment, the rising sun of the America we behold, and careless of him-
self, mindful only of his country, he exultingly exclaimed, " Oh, what
a glorious morning! " He felt that a blow would soon be struck that
would break the heart of British tyranny. His judgment, his con-
science told him the hour had come. Unconsciously, his heart beat
time to the music of the slave's epitaph:

" God wills us free;
Man wills us slaves;
I will as God wills:
God's will be done!"

— George William Curtis.
IO

146

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

NO. 2. DEPARTURE AND RETURN OF THE STATES.

In the year 1861, as every intelligent boy and girl should know,
the following States resolved to sever their connection with the Union,
or, as the phrase ran in those days — "to secede" from the Union:
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,
Texas. Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee followed. It
was a sad day for our country when they decided thus to leave the
National roof and the House of the Union that had sheltered them so
long! But they seemed to think they were right, and so they marched
forth with a very defiant air. Choose, then, seven girls of spirit to repre-
sent these departing States. Let South Carolina, bearing a palmetto
branch, be the leader, — and all attired in white. Then let the Northern,
Eastern, Western States be each represented by a girl, — or if that
would make the number too great, let three girls stand, one each, for
the North, the East, the West. Let these, in black, take their places
in the background, center of the stage or platform, with their eyes
downcast, while, to the playing of a piece in a minor key, the procession
of the Southern States sweeps by. As they disappear, the North, East,
West pass slowly off at the opposite side of the platform. Straight-
way a sympathetic voice repeats the following poem:

THE BLUE AND THE GRAY.

By the flow of the inland river,

Whence the fleets of iron have fled,
Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver,

Asleep are the ranks of the dead;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the one, the Blue;

Under the other, the Gray.

These in the robings of glory,

Those in the gloom of defeat;
All with the battle-blood gory,

In the dust of eternity meet;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the laurel, the Blue;

Under the willow, the Gray.

THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. uy

From the silence of sorrowful hours,

The desolate mourners go,
Lovingly laden with flowers.

Alike for the friend and the foe;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the roses, the Blue;

Under the lilies, the Gray.

So, with an equal splendor,

The morning sun-rays fall,
With a touch impartially tender,

On the blossoms blooming for all;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Broidered with gold, the Blue;

Mellowed with gold, the Gray.

So, when the summer calleth,

On forest and field of grain,
With an equal murmur falleth

The cooling drip of the rain;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Wet with the rain, the Blue;
Wet with the rain, the Gray.

Sadly, but not with upbraiding,

The generous deed was done;
In the storm of the years that are fading

No braver battle was won;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the blossoms, the Blue;

Under the garlands, the Gray.

No more shall the war-cry sever,

Or the winding rivers be red;
They banish our anger forever,

When they laurel the graves of our dead.
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Love and tears for the Blue;

Tears and love for the Gray.

— Francis Miles Finch.

148

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Just as the voice dies away, to a march in major key, the Northern
States, in white, march in with flags waving, escorting the Southern
States, waving flags also — and all march about the stage singing as
only patriotic children can sing, "My Country! 'tis of Thee." After
the curtain falls, let the children be seated, or grouped, upon the stage.
When the curtain has been raised, let a good speaker declaim the
following extract from that great Union Southern citizen, Henry W.
Grady; another, the next selection from a great Northern citizen,
Robert C. Winthrop.

SELECTIONS.

With consecrated service, what could we not accomplish; what
riches we should gather; what glory and prosperity we should render
to the Union; what blessings we should gather into the universal
harvest of humanity. As I think of it, a vision of surpassing beauty
unfolds to my eyes. I see a South, the home of fifty millions of people,
who rise up every day to call from blessed cities, vast hives of industry
and thrift; her country-sides the treasures from which their resources
are drawn; her streams vocal with whirring spindles; her valleys tranquil
in the white and gold of the harvest; her mountains showering down
the music of bells, as her slow-moving flocks and herds go forth from
their folds; her rulers honest and her people loving, and her homes
happy and their hearth-stones bright, and their waters still and their
pastures green, and her conscience clear; her wealth diffused, and poor-
houses empty; her churches earnest and all creeds lost in the gospel.
Peace and sobriety walking hand in hand through her borders; honor
in her homes; uprightness in her midst; plenty in her fields; straight
and simple faith in the hearts of her sons and daughters; her two races
walking together in peace and contentment ; sunshine everywhere and
all the time, and night falling on her gently as from the wings of the
unseen dove.

All this, my country, and more, can we do for you. As I look, the
vision grows, the splendor deepens, the horizon falls back, the skies

THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. I4o,

open their everlasting gates, and the glory of the Almighty God streams
through as He looks down on His people who have given themselves
unto Him, and leads them from one triumph to another until they
have reached a glory unspeakable, and the whirling stars, as in their
courses through Arcturus they run to the Milky Way, shall not look
down on a better people or happier land. — Henry W. Grady, from an
address delivered at Dallas, Texas, October 26, 1887.

We are one, by the memories of our fathers! We are one, by the
hopes of our children! We are one, by a Constitution and a Union
which have not only survived the shock of foreign and of civil war, but
have stood the abeyance of almost all administration, while the whole
people were waiting, breathless in alternate hope and fear, for the issues'
of an execrable crime! We are one, bound together afresh, by the
electric chords of sympathy and sorrow, vibrating and thrilling, day by
day, of that live-long summer, through every one of our hearts, for
our basely wounded and bravely suffering President, bringing us all
down on our knees together, in common supplication for his life, and
involving us all at last in a common flood of grief at his death! I
dare not linger on that great affliction, which has added, indeed, " an-
other hallowed name to the historical inheritance of our Republic,"
but which has thrown a pall of deepest tragedy upon the falling curtain
of our first century. Oh, let not its influence be lost upon us for the
century to come, but let us be one, henceforth and always, in mutual
regard, conciliation, and affection!

" Go on, hand in hand, O States, never to be disunited! Be the
praise and heroic song of all posterity! Join your invincible might to
do worthy and godlike deeds! — Robert C. Winthrop.

150 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

NO. 3. THE MARCH OF THE FLAGS.

In this tableau, an even number of boys and girls — any con-
venient number, all carrying flags, march upon the stage to the music
of " Stars and Stripes Forever," by Sousa. It may be well also to
have one additional boy and one girl, with larger flags, round which the
rest of the little flag-company may march or wheel. If blue suits for
the boys and white for the girls cannot be had, ordinary costumes will
do — especially if the boys will wear soldiers' caps, and the girls, sailor
or liberty caps. The marching may be very simple or very intricate,
according to time and ingenuity. A pleasing effect will be produced
if during the march the flags are massed or " stacked " in the center of
the stage, leaving the two standard-bearers there as a guard of honor
while the rest of the company resume the march around the flags.
After a time, the marchers return to the center, each taking a flag
from one or other of the standard bearers. Then marching away, but
soon returning to the stage-center, they form a tableau, by grouping
themselves about the two leaders — the latter standing erect and fac-
ing front, while the rest, each holding the flag in the left hand, with
the right remove the cap, bowing to and saluting the two central ban-
ners on the stage. Then the curtain falls.

NO. 4. THE ARMY AND NAVY.

To the music of familiar tunes, the thirteen colonies, represented
by as many girls, march in, in single file, and in the order of the creation
of the various colonies as states. They are followed, similarly, by
other girls representing the remaining thirty-two states. All march as
they may be directed by their teacher-leader, going through, for a
little time, with evolutions more or less varied. Finally, as they range
into lines at opposite sides of the stage, the boys march in, in single
flle — the " Army " distinguished by blue coats and soldier caps —
the " Navy " by blue blouses and sailor caps. They form a tableau-
group in center of stage, with a tall boy as color-sergeant, flag in hand,
in the midst of the group. Then the " States " resume their march,
circling about the mid-stage soldiers and sailors — and at length all
march off the stage in the following order: (1) The Color-Bearer; (2)

THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX.

151

The Thirteen Colonies; (3) The Army and Navy; (4) The States. A
beautiful color effect will be added to the stage-picture if each girl will
carry a short staff with a small " banneret " of red or blue, with the
name of colony or state in white letters in the center. Let the soldier-
boys carry muskets, easily made — the sailor-boys, cutlasses. One flag
will suffice to give distinction to the entire tableau.

NO. 5. HOMAGE TO COLUMBIA.

Columbia should be impersonated by the " Goddess of Liberty "

a girl whose pleasing face and tall figure may come nearest to the ideal
of such a character. She should be seated in a chair placed upon a
platform or dais. The best costume, — a white dress with the flag
draped over it,— or, a flag-dress, such as any skillful and tasty lady
teacher can readily make. Upon the head of the Goddess, let a crown,
or wreath, or liberty cap be placed; let her right hand carry a spear,
surmounted by an eagle. Thus placed and ready, the curtain may be
raised. To the sound of march-music the States of the Union, repre-
sented by girls, march in,— and following, an equal number of boys,
as soldiers and sailors, to stand for the Army and Navy. In single
file they pass before the Goddess, each one in turn bowing to her,
then passing to form a line at the back of the stage. The march proper
may then begin — changing from " ones " to " twos " and " fours," or
even wider lines — a boy and girl marching together, well-matched in
size and bearing. How to vary the march and execute its " figures,"
some teacher in every school will well understand. I have tried the
plan — and it worked admirably — of having each girl carry a ban-
neret of red cloth on which was sewed, in white letters, the name of a
state; the soldier boys carrying toy guns; the sailor lads, paper cut-
lasses. At the proper time, the Goddess rises — signals for the troop
to wheel before her, raise aloft their bannerets and weapons, then bow
— as the Goddess extends her spear — bowing lower as the curtain
descends.

PATRIOTIC POETS.

i. Henry W. Longfellow, born February 2.7, 1807.

2. John G. Whittier, born December 17, 1807.

3. Oliver Wendell Holmes, born August 29, 1809.

4. James Russell Lowell, born February 22, 1819.

It would not be possible to estimate the influence which these four
poets have had upon our national life and character. They were all
born in New England; — yet they all wrote on themes that concerned
the whole country. Surely a half-hour, or indeed a half-day, could not
be more profitably spent than in reading aloud or reciting a few of the
poems of each. So, a few suggestions, easily amplified, are here set
down:

I. Longfellow.

1. Sketch of Longfellow's Life.

2. Reading from Hiawatha. (Selected.)

3. Recitation, The Ship of State.

4. Recitation, Killed at the Ford.

5. Singing, America.

2. Whittier.

1. Essay, The Life of Whittier.

2. Recitation, Barbara Frietchie.

3. Reading, Laus Deo.

4. Singing, The Centennial Hymn.

5. Recitation, At Port Royal.

(152)

PATRIOTIC POETS. I(-~

3. Holmes.

1. Sketch of the Poet's Life.

2. Recitation, Old Ironsides.

3. Singing, The American Hymn.

4. Reading, A Ballad of the Boston Tea Party.

5. Recitation, Grandfather's Story of Bunker Hill.

4. Lowell.

1. Lowell's Life.

2. Reading, Character of Washington.

3. Singing, True Freedom. (Riverside Song Book.)

4. Recitation, Selection from the Commemoration Ode.

5. Singing, The Fatherland. (Riverside Song Book.)

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

GROUP VI.

THE FLAG RECALLS

i. Columbus' Day Song, Columbus.

2. Landing of the Pilgrims . Song, The Breaking Waves Dashed High.

3. Lexington and Concord. . .Song, Three Cheers for the Olden Time.

4. Fourth of July Song, Independence Day.

5. Yorktown Song, The Land of Washington.

(155)

COLUMBUS DAY.

FEW years ago " this country of ours " made a great cele-
bration in honor of the four hundredth anniversary of
the landing of Christopher Columbus on this continent.
I suppose all Empire State boys and girls can point
out on the map just the spot where the landing was
made, the cross planted, and the flag raised. Of course, it was not
the dear flag of the stars and stripes. Who can tell what banner
it was? I am quite sure you know that, — but perhaps you have for-
gotten the precise day — October 12, 1492 — when Columbus stepped
on shore, saved from the perils of the sea, and from death at the hands
of his own crew. Perhaps some of you — the older children — went
to Chicago in 1893 and saw the "White City " — a wonderful group
of buildings, filled with rare and beautiful things from every part of
the earth. And it was all in memory of the great sailor and discoverer,
Columbus. But you children cannot celebrate in that way — not even
by building palaces of play-blocks. You can recall the great navi-
gator by telling the story of his life, — his birth in far-off Genoa — his
longing for the sea — his appearance at the Court of Spain — his
reception by Queen Isabella — the sacrifices which, for his sake, she
made — his various voyages — his imprisonment and death. It is a
wonderful story, is it not? Such a story as boys and girls should
cherish because of the lessons of Faith and Perseverance which it
teaches, — lessons which may help them to the use of the same noble
qualities.

I58 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHARACTER OF COLUMBUS.

In Columbus were singularly combined the practical and the
poetical. His mind had grasped all kinds of knowledge, whether pro-
cured by study or observation, which bore upon his theories; impatient
of the scanty aliment of the day, his impetuous ardor, as has well been
observed, threw him into the study of the fathers of the Church, the
Arabian Jews, and the ancient geographers; while his daring, but
irregular, genius, bursting from the limits of imperfect science, bore
him to conclusions far beyond the intellectual vision of his con-
temporaries. If some of his conclusions were erroneous, they were at
least ingenious and splendid, and their error resulted from the clouds
which still hung over his peculiar path of enterprise. His own dis-
coveries enlightened the ignorance of the age, guided conjecture to
certainty, and dispelled that very darkness with which he had been
obliged to struggle.

In the progress of his discoveries he has been remarked for the
extreme sagacity and the admirable justness with which he seized upon
the phenomena of the exterior world. The variations, for instance, of
terrestrial magnetism, the direction of currents, the grouping of marine
plants, fixing one of the grand climacteric divisions of the ocean, the
temperatures changing not solely with the distance to the equator,
but also with the difference of meridians; these and similar phenomena,
as they broke upon him, were discerned with wonderful quickness of
perception, and made to contribute important principles to the stock
of general knowledge. This lucidity of spirit, this quick convertibility
of facts to principles, distinguish him from the dawn to the close of his
sublime enterprise, insomuch that with all the sallying ardor of his
imagination, his ultimate success has been admirably characterized as a
"conquest of reflection.'' — Washington Irving.

COLUMBUS.

Joaquin Miller.

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THE FLAG RECALLS. ^

SELECTIONS.

THE BOY COLUMBUS.

" 'Tis a wonderful story," I hear you say,

" How he struggled and worked and plead and prayed,

And faced every danger undismayed,

With a will that would neither break nor bend,

And discovered a new world in the end —

But what does it teach to a boy of to-day?

All the worlds are discovered, you know, of course,

All the rivers are traced to their utmost source:

There is nothing left for a boy to find,

If he had ever so much a mind

To become a discoverer famous;
And if we'd much rather read a book
About someone else, and the risks he took,

Why nobody, surely, can blame us."

So you think all the worlds are discovered now;

All the lands have been charted and sailed about,

Their mountains climbed, their secrets found out;

All the seas have been sailed, and their currents known —

To the uttermost isles the winds have blown

They have carried a venturing prow?

Yet there lie all about us new worlds, everywhere,

That await their discoverer's footfall; spread fair

Are electrical worlds that no eye has yet seen,

And mechanical worlds that lie hidden serene

And await their Columbus securely.
There are new worlds in Science and new worlds in Art,
And the boy who will work with his head and his heart

Will discover his new world surely.
II

162 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

All hail, Columbus, discoverer, dreamer, hero, and apostle! We
here, of every race and country, recognize the horizon which bounded
his vision, and the infinite scope of his genius. The voice of gratitude
and praise for all the blessings which have been showered upon man-
kind by his adventure is limited to no language, but is uttered in
every tongue. Neither marble nor brass can fitly form his statue.
Continents are his monument, and unnumbered millions, past, present,
and to come, who enjoy in their liberties and their happiness the fruits
of his faith, will reverently guard and preserve, from century to cen-
tury, his name and fame. — Chauncey Mitchell Depcw, from Dedicatory
Oration at World's Columbian Exposition.

-IE LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS.

N the year 1620 — some people say on December
2 1 st, others December 22a. — a company of Pil-
grims, as they are called, landed at a place now
known as Plymouth, on the coast of Massachu-
setts. They were English folk, but came to
this country straight from Holland, having been
driven from their former home in England by religious persecution.
But I need not tell here the story of their sufferings on the slow
and stormy voyage across the ocean — nor how cold and cheerless
was the landing in the depth of winter. What child has not read
it in the history book, or heard the story repeated at the fireside?
Yet no matter how often the story may have been read, or told, it is well
to keep in mind and to celebrate, at least once a year, the good traits
of the Forefathers.

They were not real generous men and women in their treatment
of those who differed from them in belief, yet they were mild indeed
in comparison with the Puritans, as they were called, — a company of
men and women who came to this country much later in the century.
But if we cannot celebrate the kindness of the Pilgrims, we certainly
may their faith. How greatly they needed it in all their troubles on
land and tempests on sea, and how grandly they showed it! And so
with their courage. Was it not a splendid trait in their character?
Neither starvation, disease, nor the Indian's tomahawk could make
them fear. (Just here might come in a study of " The Indian " in our
country's history.) And so, children, study out and tell to your teach-
ers other good things about these early and hardy colonists, — for

" they fought a good fight."

(163)

l6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE MEDITATIONS OF COLUMBIA, 1876.

Mayflower, Mayflower, slowly hither flying,

Trembling westward o'er yon balking sea,
Hearts within, " Farewell, dear England," sighing,
Winds without, " But dear in vain," replying.
Gray-lipped waves, about thee, shouted, crying,
" No! It shall not be!"

Jamestown, out of thee;
Plymouth, thee; thee, Albany.
Winter cries, "Ye freeze; away!"
Hunger cries, "Ye starve; away!"
Vengeance cries, "Your graves shall stay!"

Then old shapes and masks of things,
Frames like Faiths, or clothes like kings;
Ghosts of Goods, once fleshed and fair,
Grown foul Bads in alien air;
War, and his most noisy lords.
Tongued with lithe and poisoned swords,
Error, Terror, Rage, and Crime.
All, in a windy night of time,
Cried to me, from land and sea —
"No! Thou shalt not be!"

Now Praise to God's oft-granted grace.

Now Praise to Man's undaunted face,

Despite the land, despite the sea,

I was, I am, and I shall be.

How long, Good Angel, O. how long?

Sing me, from heaven, a man's own song!

" Long as thine Art shall love true love,

Long as thy Science truth shall know,
Long as thy Eagle harms no Dove,

Long as thy Law by law shall grow,
Long as thy God is God above.

Thy brother every man below,
So long, dear Land of all my love,

Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow! "

— Sidney Lanier.

THE BREAKING WAVES DASHED HIGH.

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THE FLAG RECALLS.

167

SELECTIONS.

Here, on this rock, and on this sterile soil,

Began the kingdom, not of kings, but men;

Began the making of the world again.

Here centuries sank, and from the hither brink,

A new world reached and raised an old world link,

When English hands, by wider vision taught,
And here revived, in spite of sword and stake,
Their ancient freedom of the Wapentake.

Here struck the seed — the Pilgrims' roofless town,
Where equal rights and equal bonds were set;
Where all the people, equal-franchised, met;

Where doom was writ of privilege and crown;

Where human breath blew all the idols down;
Where crests were naught, where vulture flags were furled,
And common men began to own the world!

— John Boyle O'Reilly.

LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS.

Methinks I see it now, that one solitary, adventurous vessel, the
Mayflower of a forlorn hope, freighted with the prospects of a future
state, and bound across the unknown sea. I behold it pursuing, with
a thousand misgivings, the uncertain, the tedious voyage. Suns rise
and set, and weeks and months pass, and winter surprises them on
the deep, but brings them not the sight of the wished-for shore. I
see them, now, scantily supplied with provisions, crowded almost to
suffocation in their ill-stored prison, delayed by calms, pursuing a cir-
cuitous route; and now, driven in fury before the raging tempest, in
their scarcely seaworthy vessel. The awful voice of the storm howls
through the rigging. The laboring masts seem straining from their
base; the dismal sound of the pumps is heard; the ship leaps, as it
were, madly from billow to billow; the ocean breaks and settles with
ingulfing floods over the floating deck, and beats with deadening
weight against the staggering vessel. I see them escaped from these
perils, pursuing their all but desperate undertaking, and landed at last,
after a five months' passage, on the ice-clad rocks of Plymouth, weak

j68 manual of patriotism.

and exhausted from the voyage, poorly armed, scantily provisioned,
depending on the charity of their ship-master for a draught of beer on
board, drinking nothing but water on shore, without shelter, without
means, surrounded by hostile tribes.

Shut now the volume of history, and tell me, on any principle
of human probability, what shall be the fate of this handful of adven-
turers? * * * Student of history, compare for me the baffled
projects, the deserted settlements, the abandoned adventurers of other
times, and find the parallel of this. Was it the winter storm, beating
upon the houseless heads of women and children? was it hard labor
and spare meals? was it disease? was it the tomahawk? was it the deep
malady of a blighted hope, a ruined enterprise, and a broken heart,
aching in its last moments at the recollections of the loved and left,
beyond the sea? was it some or all of them united that hurried this
forsaken company to their melancholy fate? And is it possible that
neither of these causes, that not all combined, were able to blast this
bud of hope! Is it possible that from a beginning so feeble, so frail, so
worthy not so much of admiration as of pity, there has gone forth a
progress so steady, a growth so wonderful, a reality so important, a
promise yet to be fulfilled so glorious! — Edward Everett.

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD.

HESE are memorable places on the map of Ameri-
can history. For the brave stand a few colonial
farmers there made against trained British regu-
lars was the opening fight of a Revolution, a strug-
gle for independence, which never ceased nor
slackened until England gave up the contest at
Yorktown, seven years later.
This fight at Lexington and Concord was fought April 17, 1775.
Even yet, that is a great day in New England, and kept with more
ceremony and enthusiasm than the Fourth of July. Let me tell you
what the boys in Lexington do on that day: Early in the morning
they rise up, hurry into their clothes and march away to Concord, over
the very ground the soldiers trod a century and a quarter ago. On
their march, they pass by many places where now are memorial tablets,
telling what was done here and there along the whole line of their
journey. Who cannot see what a vividness and sense of reality this
early morning march, year by year, must give to these young patriots?
But if New York children cannot actually travel on foot from Lexing-
ton to Concord, playing soldier, they may, in imagination, walk along
the avenue of History, seeing by the roadside the inscriptions and
memorials which History herself has put there, that the Nation may
keep in mind the dangers and hardships endured by the men of olden
time, that they might secure to themselves and their posterity the

blessings of independence.

(169)

I70 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

CONCORD HYMN.

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,

And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,

We set to-day a votive stone;
That memory may their deed redeem,

When like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made these heroes dare

To die, and leave their children free,
Bid Time and Nature gently spare

The shaft we raise to them and thee.

— Ralph Waldo Emerson,

THE REVOLUTIONARY ALARM.

Darkness closed upon the country and upon the town, but it was
no night for sleep. Heralds on swift relays of horses transmitted the
war message from hand to hand, till village repeated to village, the
sea to the backwoods, the plains to the highlands, and it was never
suffered to droop till it had been borne North and South and East
and West, throughout the land. It spread over the bays that receive
the Saco and the Penobscot ; its loud reveille broke the rest of the trap-
pers of New Hampshire, and, ringing like bugle notes from peak to
peak, overleapt the Green Mountains, swept onward to Montreal, and
descended the ocean river till the responses were echoed from the cliffs
at Quebec. The hills along the Hudson told to one another the tale.
As the summons hurried to the South, it was one day at New York,
in one more at Philadelphia, the next it lighted a watch-fire at Balti-
more, thence it waked an answer at Annapolis. Crossing the Potomac

THE FLAG RECALLS. ^

near Mt. Vernon, it was sent forward, without a halt, to Williamsburg.
It traversed the Dismal Swamp to Nansemond, along the route of the
first emigrants to North Carolina. It moved onward and still onward,
through boundless groves of evergreen, to Newbern and to
Wilmington.

" For God's sake, forward it by night and day/' wrote Cornelius
Harnett, by the express which sped for Brunswick. Patriots of South
Carolina caught up its tones at the border and despatched it to Charles-
ton, and, through pines and palmettos and moss-clad live-oaks, farther
to the South, till it resounded among the New England settlements
beyond the Savannah. The Blue Ridge took up the voice and made
it heard from one end to the other of the valley of Virginia. The
Alleghanies, as they listened, opened their barriers that the " loud
call " might pass through to the hardy riflemen on the Holstein, the
Watauga and the French Broad. Ever renewing its strength, power-
ful enough even to create a commonwealth, it breathed its inspiring
word to the first settlers of Kentucky, so that hunters who made
their halt in the valleys of the Elkhorn commemorated the nineteenth
day of April, 1776, by naming their encampment " Lexington." \\ ith
one impulse the Colonies sprung to arms; with one spirit they pledged
themselves to each other, " to be ready for the extreme event." With
one heart the continent cried, " Liberty or death! " — George Bancroft.

It was a brilliant April night. The winter had been unusually
mild, and the spring very forward. The hills were already green; the
early grain waved in the fields; and the air was sweet with blossoming
orchards. Already the robins whistled, the blue-bird sang, and the
benediction of peace rested upon the landscape. Under the cloudless
moon, the soldiers silently marched, and Paul Revere swiftly rode,
galloping through Medford and West Cambridge, rousing every house
as he went, spurring for Lexington, and Hancock, and Adams, and
evading the British patrols who had been sent out to stop the news.
Stop the news! Already the village church bells were beginning to
ring the alarm, as the pulpits beneath them had been ringing for many
a year. In the awakening houses lights flashed from window to
window. Drums beat faintly far away and on every side. Signal guns

IJ2

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

flashed and echoed. The watch-dogs barked, the cocks crew. Stop
the news! Stop the sunrise! The murmuring night trembled with the
summons so earnestly expected, so dreaded, so desired. And as, long
ago, the voice rang out at midnight along the Syrian shore, wailing
that great Pan was dead, but in the same moment the choiring angels
whispered, "Glory to God in the highest, for Christ is born!" so, if
the stern alarm of that April night seemed to many a wistful and loyal
heart to portend the passing glory of British dominion and the tragical
chance of war, it whispered to them with prophetic inspiration, " Good-
will to men: America is born!" — George William Curtis, from the
oration delivered at the centennial celebration of Concord fight.

THREE CHEERS FOR THE OLDEN TIME.

Fanny Crosby

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The grass is green where they calm-ly rest. Those vet - 'rans true and brave, my boys ;

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meet. Gay the stars and stripes are blow - ing On the

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THE FOURTH OF JULY.

T is not likely that boys or girls would consent to go to school
on " the glorious Fourth." If they were asked to do so,
they probably would read a declaration of independence,
If all of their own making. And so, it might be asked —
"Why suggest any exercise for that day?" Why, be-
cause we ought not to forget such a day. True — but are we not
in danger of forgetting if we do not call it to mind at least once
a year? Alas! it is much to be feared that very many boys think the
day was made for the express purpose of setting off firecrackers —
small and giant ones — touching off small cannon, skyrockets, Roman
candles and lots of other dangerous playthings. With the girls, the
Fourth is a great picnic day.

But, really, the day was not made for the sake of powder, picnics
and noise. It was set aside as a day in which to recall the signing of
the Declaration of Independence — independence from the grasping
and greed of England. But such a glorious deed can be celebrated
at any convenient time in the calendar of school days. It is always in
order to speak of the life and patriotism of Thomas Jefferson, author
of the Declaration; always right to read aloud, for the benefit of others,
the great truths which the Declaration contains; at any time, interest-
ing to look over the list of signers of the Declaration and to study
their lives. Let me commend John Hancock, Roger Sherman,
Whipple, of New Hampshire. See, young folks, if you cannot find
other names with histories as interesting.

SELECTIONS.

Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my hand and
my heart to this vote. It is true, indeed, that, at the beginning, we
aimed not at independence. But there's a Divinity that shapes our
ends. The injustice of England has driven us to arms; and, blinded

(175)

176

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

to her own interest for our good, she has obstinately persisted, till
independence is now within our grasp. We have but to reach forth
to it, and it is ours. Why, then, should we defer the declaration?
* * * Whatever may be our fate, be assured, be assured, that this
declaration will stand. It may cost treasure and it may cost blood, but
it will stand, and it will richly compensate for both. Through the
thick gloom of the present I see the brightness of the future, as the sun
in heaven. We shall make this a glorious, an immortal day. When
we are in our graves, our children will honor it. They will celebrate
it with thanksgiving, with festivity, with bonfires, and illuminations.
On its annual return, they will shed tears, copious, gushing tears, not
of subjection and slavery, not of agony and distress, but of exultation,
of gratitude, and of joy. Sir, before God, I believe the hour has come.
My judgment approves this measure, and my whole heart is in it.
All that I have, and all that I am, and all that I hope in this life, I
am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off as I began, that
live or die, survive or perish, I am for the declaration. It is my living
sentiment, and, by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment;
independence, now; and independence forever! — Daniel Webster,
from supposed speech of John Adams.

Through the chances and changes of vanished years,

Our thoughts go back to the olden time, —
That day when the people resolved to be free.

And, resolving, knew that the thing was done.
What booted the struggle yet to be,

When the hearts of all men beat as one,
And hand clasped hand, and eyes met eyes,
And lives were ready to sacrifice?

The years since then have come and sped,
And the heroes of those old days are dead;

But their spirit lives in to-day's young men;
And never in vain would our country plead
For sons that were ready to die at her need.

— Louise Chandler Moulton.

THE FLAG RECALLS. 177

The United States is the only country with a known birthday.
All the rest began, they know not when, and grew into power, they
knew not how. If there had been no Independence Day, England and
America combined would not be so great as each actually is. There
is no " Republican," no " Democrat " on the Fourth of July, — all
are Americans. All feel that their country is greater than party. —
James G. Blaine.

On the Fourth of July, 1776, the representatives of the United
States of America, in Congress assembled, declared that these united
colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.
This declaration, made by most patriotic and resolute men, trusting in
the justice of their cause, and the protection of Providence, and yet
not without deep solicitude and anxiety, has stood for seventy-five
years, and still stands. It was sealed in blood. It has met dangers
and overcome them. It has had enemies and it has conquered them.
It has had detractors, and it has abashed them all. It has had doubt-
ing friends, but it has cleared all doubts away. And now, to-day, rais-
ing its august form higher than the clouds, twenty millions of people
contemplate it with hallowed love, and the world beholds it, and the
consequences which have followed, with profound admiration. — Daniel
Webster.

You have all read the Declaration of Independence; you have it
by heart; you have heard it read to-day. A hundred years ago, it was
a revelation, startling, with new terror, kings on their thrones, and
bidding serfs in their poor huts rise and take heart, and look up with
new hope of deliverance. It asserted that all men, kings and peasants,
master and servant, rich and poor, were born equal, with equal rights,
inheritors of equal claim to protection before the law; that govern-
ments derived their just powers, not from conquest or force, but from
the consent of the governed, and existed only for their protection and
to make them happy. These were the truths, eternal, but long
unspoken; truths that few dared to utter, which, Providence ordained,
should be revealed here in America, to be the political creed of the
people, all over the earth. Like a trumpet blast in the night, it pealed
through the dark abodes of misery, and roused men to thought, and
hope and action. — Richard O'Gorman.
12

i78

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

liberty's latest daughter.

Foreseen in the vision of sages,

Foretold when martyrs bled,
She was born of the longing ages,
By the truth of the noble dead
And the faith of the living, fed!
No blood in her lightest veins
Frets at remembered chains,
Nor shame of bondage has bowed her head.
In her form and features, still,
The unblenching Puritan will,
Cavalier honor, Huguenot grace,

The Quaker truth and sweetness,
And the strength of the danger-girdled race

Of Holland, blend in a proud completeness.
From the home of all, where her being began,
She took what she gave to man : —
Justice that knew no station,

Belief as soul decreed,
Free air for aspiration,

Free force for independent deed.
She takes, but to give again,
As the sea returns the rivers in rain;
And gather the chosen of her seed
From the hunted of every crown and creed.
Her Germany dwells by a gentler Rhine;
Her Ireland sees the old sunburst shine;
Her France pursues some dream divine;
Her Norway keeps his mountain pine;
Her Italy waits by the western brine;
And, broad-based, under all

Is planted England's oaken-hearted mood,
As rich in fortitude
As e'er went world-ward from the island wall.
Fused by her candid light,
To one strong race all races here unite;
Tongues melt in hers; hereditary foemen

Forget their sword and slogan, kith and clan.
'Twas glory once to be a Roman;

She makes it glory now to be a man.

— Bayard Taylor.

THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN.

'HIS great battle — great for the time and great in its conse-
quences— was fought October 19, 1781. There was scat-
tered fighting for a year or two after that day between
America and England, — but the Revolution really ended
with that memorable struggle. It will prove of great
interest to the young folks in school to trace the history of our
seven years' Revolutionary War from Lexington to Yorktown.
Let them not think of naming every battle, just when, just where
it was fought, — but picking out here and there a great event,
let them follow the long road, now sunlighted, now deeply shad-
owed, from colonial dependence to independent statehood. Knowl-
edge of this sort, thus gained, will make of the children in years to
come more intelligent, more patriotic citizens, than they could pos-
sibly be without such training. And on that long road they should
be able to pick up, as one might pluck a flower by the wayside, many
a pleasant story of the times whose fragrance and memory may be
lasting and sweet. Take, for instance, the story of Dolly Madison
for the girls; for the boys, that of the Boston lads who went to General
Gage and made their demands upon him, like the saucy little Yankees
they were!

And when they have reached the end of the long road, let them
stop and see the Yorktown battle by sea and land; note the help of
the French and the gallantry of La Fayette; watch the daring of the
Americans and the bravery of Washington. Will it not indeed pay us

to remember Yorktown?

(179)

!8o MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

THE YORKTOWN LESSON.
(Closing passage from Centennial address, October 18, 1881.)

" You are the advance guard of the human race; you have the
future of the world," said Madame de Stael to a distinguished American,
recalling with pride what France had done for us at Yorktown. Let
us lift ourselves to a full sense of such responsibility for the progress
of freedom, in other lands as well as in our own. * * *

We cannot escape from the great responsibilities of this great
intervention of American example; and it involves nothing less than
the hope or the despair of the Ages! Let us strive, then, to aid and
advance the liberty of the world, in the only legitimate way in our
power, by patriotic fidelity and devotion in upholding, illustrating,
and adorning our own free institutions. We have nothing to fear
except from ourselves. We are one by the configuration of nature
and by the strong impress of art, — inextricably intwined by the lay of
our land, the run of our rivers, the chain of our lakes, and the iron
network of our crossing and recrossing and ever multiplying and still
advancing tracks of trade and travel. We are one by the memories of
our fathers. We are one by the hopes of our children. We are one
by a Constitution and a Union which have not only survived the shock
of foreign and civil war, but have stood the abeyance of almost all
administrations, while the whole people were waiting breathless, in
alternate hope and fear, for the issues of an execrable crime. With the
surrender to each other of all our old sectional animosities and
prejudices, let us be one, henceforth and always, in mutual regard,
conciliation, and affection!

" Go on, hand in hand, O States, never to be disunited! Be the
praise and heroic song of all posterity! " On this auspicious day let me
invoke, as I devoutly and fervently do, the choicest and richest
blessings of Heaven on those who shall do most, in all time to come,
to preserve our beloved country in Unity, Peace, and Concord. —
Robert Charles Winthrop.

THE LAND OF WASHINGTON.

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SELECTIONS.

183

The Marquis de Rochambeau, at the Centennial Anniversary of
Yorktown, said:

" Citizens of the United States: You have invited us to celebrate
with you a great achievement of arms, and we did not hesitate to brave
the terrors of the ocean to say to you that what our fathers did in 1781
we, their sons, would be willing to do to-day, and attest our constant
friendship, and further show that we cherish the same sentiments as
our fathers in those glorious days we now celebrate. In the name
of my companions, who represent here the men who fought, permit
me to hope that the attachment formed in these days around this
monument which is about to be erected will be renewed in one hun-
dred years, and will again celebrate the victory which joined our fathers
in comradeship and alliance."

President Arthur's address, at the Centennial Anniversary of
Yorktown:

" Upon this soil one hundred years ago our forefathers brought
to a successful issue their heroic struggle for independence. Here and
then was established, and, as we trust, made secure upon this continent
for ages yet to come, that principle of government which is the very
fibre of our political system — the sovereignty of the people. The
resentments which attended and for a time survived the clash of arms
have long since ceased to animate our hearts. It is with no feeling
of exultation over a defeated foe that to-day we summon up a remem-
brance of those events which have made holy ground where we tread.
Surely no such unworthy sentiment could find harbor in our hearts, so
profoundly thrilled with that expression of sorrow and sympathy which
our national bereavement has evolved from the people of England and
their august sovereign; but it is altogether fitting that we should
gather here to refresh our souls with the contemplation of the unfalter-
ing patriotism, the sturdy zeal and the sublime faith with which were
achieved the results we now commemorate. For so, if we learn aright
the lesson of the hour, shall we be incited to transmit to the generation

!84 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

which shall follow the precious legacy which our fathers left to us —
the love of liberty protected by law.

" Of that historic scene which we here celebrate, no feature is more
prominent and none more touching than the participation of our gal-
lant allies from across the sea. It was their presence which gave fresh
and vigorous impulse to the hopes of our countrymen when well-nigh
disheartened by a long series of disasters. It was their noble and
generous aid, extended in the darkest period of that struggle, which
sped the coming of our triumph and made capitulation at Yorktown
possible, a century ago. To their descendants and representatives who
are here present as honored guests of the nation, it is my glad duty
to offer a cordial welcome. You have a right to share with us the
associations which cluster about the day when your fathers fought
side by side with our fathers in the cause which was here crowned
with success, and none of the memories awakened by this anniversary
are more grateful to us all than the reflection that the national friend-
ships here so closely cemented have outlasted the mutations of a
changeful century. God grant, my countrymen, that they may ever
remain unshaken, and that henceforth, with ourselves and with all
nations of the earth, we may be at peace."

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY.

Prologue.

General Grant and the Civil War,

Song, See, the Conquering Hero Comes.

Admiral Dewey and the Spanish War,

Song, Dezvey at Manila Bay.

In Memoriam — May 30th.

Selections Song, Song for Memorial Day.

Selections Song, The Heroes' Greeting.

Selections Song, In Memoriam.

Selections Song, Remembered.

(185)

GENERAL GRANT AND THE CIVIL WAR.

IHE name of Ulysses S. Grant is forever linked in history
with the Civil War, waged between the North and the
South from 1861 to 1865. Many a general and officer
and thousands upon thousands of private soldiers, on both
sides, fought with indescribable bravery. But it remained
for General Grant to bring the war to an end by the surrender
of Robert E. Lee, commander-in-chief of the Southern army, at
Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865. Grant was often charged
with cruelty and even with indifference as to the number of his soldiers
killed in battle. But this is not true. The sacrifice of human life in
the fierce battles that he fought was great, but it was necessary. And
when the " cruel war " was over and peace really came to a sorrowing
land, sore-stricken in every part, no man in all the nation was kinder
than he to the conquered foe, as they surrendered on the last battle-
field of the war, nor more compassionate afterwards to the whole
people of the desolated and impoverished South. To show such kind-
ness and compassion he had indeed a rare opportunity, as President
of the United States for two terms. In this great office he was vexed,
perplexed and troubled by many problems of Reconstruction such as
no other President had ever known; but throughout all he was patient,
though firm, and loyal to the last degree to what he believed to be
the good of the whole people. No wonder that New York, the great-
est city of the Empire State, and the metropolis of the land, asked that
the hero and statesman might repose within its borders. And so was
built the " Tomb of General Grant " at Riverside, in Greater New
York. (If time permits, a sketch of Grant's boyhood and youth, stories
from his Autobiography, and a description of the famous " Tomb "
would prove of very great interest, conveying much information on

heroic patriotism.)

(187)

!gg MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

HIS FIRST AND LAST SURRENDER."

Toll! bells of the nation, toll!

For Grant, our Brave defender,
The hero true, who made to Death
"His first and last surrender;"
Toll! O bells, to-day,
And let your echoes roll
Solemnly, mournfully
O'er all the land
From strand to strand;
Toll! bells of the nation, toll!
For Liberty's defender.

Rise! sons of the nation, rise!

And love's true homage render
To him who grandly made to Death
" His first and last surrender; "
Lament, O world, to-day,
And let the earth and skies
Silently, mournfully
Be witness to their grief
Who mourn an honored chief;
Mourn, sons of the nation, mourn,
For Grant, our brave defender.

It was on Decoration Day, in the city of New York, the last one
he ever saw on earth. That morning, the members of the Grand Army
of the Republic, the veterans in that vicinity, rose earlier than was
their wont. They seemed to spend more time that morning in unfurl-
ing the old battle-flags, in burnishing the medals of honor which deco-
rated their breasts, for on that day they had determined to march
by the house of their dying commander, to give him a last marching
salute. In the streets, the columns were formed; inside the house,
on that bed from which he never was to rise again, lay the stricken
chief. The hand which had seized the surrendered sword of countless,
thousands could scarcely return the pressure of the friendly grasp.

THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR. jgg

That voice that had cheered on to triumphant victory the allegiance
of America's manhood, could no longer call for the cooling draught
which slaked the thirst of a fevered tongue, and prostrate on that bed
of anguish lay the form which, in the New World, had ridden at the
head of the conquering column — which, in the Old World, had been
deemed worthy to stand with head covered and with feet sandaled in
the presence of princes, kings and emperors. In the street his ear
caught the sound of martial music. Bands were playing the same
strains which had echoed his guns at Vicksburg, the same quick-steps
to which his men sped in hot haste when pursuing Lee through Vir-
ginia. And then came the heavy, measured step of moving columns,
a step which can be acquired only by years of service in the field. He
recognized it all now. It was the tread of his old veterans. With his
little remaining strength, he arose, and dragged himself to the window.
He gazed upon those battle-flags dipped to him in salute, those precious
standards, bullet-riddled, battle-stained, but remnants of their former
service, with scarcely enough left of them on which to print the names
of the battles. They had seen his eyes once more light with the flames
that had enkindled them at Shiloh, at the heights of Chattanooga, amid
the glories of Appomattox, and as those war-scarred veterans looked,
with uncovered heads and upturned faces, for the last time upon the
pallid features of their old chief, the cheeks which had been bronzed
with Southern suns, and begrimed with powder, were bathed in the
tears of manly grief. Soon they saw rising the hand which had so
often pointed out to them the path of victory. He raised it slowly
and painfully to his head in recognition of their salutation. When
the column had passed, the hand fell heavily by his side. It was his
last military salute. — Horace Porter.

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT.

When his work was done, this man of blood was as tender toward
his late adversaries as a woman towards a son! He imposed no
humiliating conditions, spared the feelings of his antagonists, sent
home the disbanded Southern men with food and horses for working
their crops, and when a revengeful spirit in the executive chair showed

jqq MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

itself and threatened the chief Southern generals, Grant, with a holy
indignation, interposed himself, and compelled his superior to re-
linquish his rash purpose.

A man he was, without vices, with an absolute hatred of lies, and
an eradicable love of truth, of a perfect loyalty to friendship, neither
envious of others nor selfish of himself. With a zeal for the public
good unfeigned, he has left to memory only such weaknesses as con-
nect him with humanity, and such virtues as will rank him among

heroes.

The tidings of his death, long expected, gave a shock to the whole
world. Governments, rulers, eminent statesmen, and scholars from
all civilized nations, gave sincere tokens of sympathy. For the hour,
sympathy rolled as a wave over the whole land. It closed the last
furrow of war; it extinguished the last prejudice; it effaced the last
vestige of hatred; and cursed be the hand that shall bring them back!

Johnston and Buckner on one side of his bier, and Sherman and
Sheridan upon the other, he has come to his tomb, — a silent symbol
that liberty had conqured slavery, and peace war.

He rests in peace! No drum nor cannon shall disturb his slumber!

Sleep, hero, sleep, until another trumpet shall shake the heavens
and the earth! Then come forth to glory and immortality. — Henry
Ward Beecher.

SEE! THE CONQUERING HERO COMES.

W. K. W.

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THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR.

SELECTIONS.

GRANT.

When the shuddering earth foretold
Ruin, and war's thunder rolled,

Who was honest as the soil,
Natural, simple, free of cant,

Patient as the oxen toil?
Grant.

While the earthquake rent the land,
Brothers battling hand to hand,

Who looked never toward the rear,
Let the politicians rant,

Void of selfishness and fear?
Grant.

Oh, the need of one, could do
Work for twenty! stanch and true,

Taciturn through praise and blame —
One, disaster could not daunt,

Firm, decided as the name,
Grant!

When our leaders weakened, then
Who was master over men?

While dismay the Nation smote,
Thoughtful, wise, of anger scant,

Greatest who, in plainest coat?
Grant.

Silent battler, manly judge,
Weighing chiefs without a grudge,

When the gun-smoke parted, foes
Shielded from revenge and taunt,

Shared your heart who bore your blows,
Grant.

Faithful to the falsest friends,
Duped by rogues for paltry ends,

You were like the wholesome earth,
Home for oak and poison-plant!

Fair and foul but raised your worth,
Grant!

193

194

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Red and black usurp the white;
Fear of death is fear of night:

Redder, blacker moments far,
Fenced about with spectres gaunt,

You have passed in hatefui war,
Grant.

Though the last dark field you plow,
Fearless then, no fear is now,

Great our General! What is night?
Shades that o'er the landscape slant —

All beyond them, glorious Light,
Grant!

Fame for you for aye shall run
Even as all-victorious Sun,

For like him you cannot die.
Dawns your lofty deeds will chant,
Hark! the coming aeons cry —
" Grant, Grant! "

— C. De Kay.

(New York, March 30, 1885.)

VANQUISHED.

Not by the ball or brand
Sped by a mortal hand,
Not by the lightning stroke
When fiery tempests broke, —
Not 'mid the ranks of war
Fell the great Conqueror.

Unmoved, undismayed,

In the crash and carnage of the cannonade, —

Eye that dimmed not, hand that failed not,

Brain that swerved not, heart that quailed not,

Steel nerve, iron form, —

The dauntless spirit that o'erruled the storm.

THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR. i^

While the Hero peaceful slept
A foeman to his chamber crept,
Lightly to the slumberer came,
Touched his brow and breathed his name;
O'er the stricken form there passed
Suddenly an icy blast.

The Hero woke; rose undismayed;
Saluted Death — and sheathed his blade.

The Conqueror of a hundred fields
To a mightier Conqueror yields;
No mortal foeman's blow
Laid the great Soldier low.
Victor in his latest breath —
Vanquished but by Death.

— Francis F. Browne.

General Sheridan, in reply to a request for his opinion of General
Grant as a commander, recently said: " He was a far greater man than
people thought him to be. He was able, no matter how situated, to
do more than was expected of him. That has always been my opinion
of General Grant. I have the greatest admiration for him, both as a
man and as a commander."

WHY THEY CALLED HIM LEADER.

General Sherman, having been asked why he and Sheridan always
acknowledged the leadership of Grant, replied: " Because, while I
could map out a dozen plans for a campaign, every one of which Sheri-
dan would declare he could fight out to victory, neither he nor I could
tell which of the plans was the best one; but Grant, who simply sat
and listened and smoked while we had been talking over the maps,
would, at the end of our talking, tell us which was the best plan, and,
in a dozen or two words, the reason of his decision, and then it would
all be so clear to us that he was right that Sheridan and I would look
at each other and wonder why we hadn't seen the advantage of it our-
selves. I tell you, Grant is not appreciated yet. The military critics

196

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

of Europe are too ignorant of American geography to appreciate the
conditions of his campaigns. I have seen Grant plan campaigns for
500,000 troops along a front line 2,500 miles in length, and send them
marching to their objective points, through sections where the sur-
veyor's chain was never drawn, and where the commissariat necessi-
ties alone would have broken down any transportation system of
Europe; and three months later I have seen those armies standing
where he said they should be, and what he planned accomplished; and
I give it as my military opinion that General Grant is the greatest
commander of modern times, and with him only three others can
stand — Napoleon, Wellington and Moltke."

ADMIRAL DEWEY AND THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

*HE name of George Dewey, in every part of our country,
is " a household word." He stands forth as the best-
known American who fought in what is known as " The
Spanish-American War." There may be a great many
young pupils in our common schools who do not know
just what that war was, or just why it was fought, — but it would be
difficult to find one, beyond the primary grades, who has not heard
of Admiral Dewey, the great sailor, and how he sailed with his ships
over mines and torpedoes and sunken vessels, straight into the har-
bor of Manila, and on May i, 1898, without the loss of a man or a
gun or a ship, won the greatest naval victory, in many respects, ever
achieved by man. And when, in the autumn of 1899, the famous
sailor came to this country, he received no warmer welcome, no finer
tribute to his glory, than that given him by the school children of
Greater New York, a welcome that was renewed and prolonged by the
boys and girls of Vermont when the Admiral returned, after many
years of sea-life, to his birth-place and boyhood's home in the " Green
Mountain State." Is it not right, then, for all the boys and girls of
the Empire State to have a part in the celebration which their school-
fellows in Greater New York began? Yes, surely. But the wise
teacher will not fail to seize the opportunity to give to his school —
to each and every pupil — the best idea possible of the cause of the
brief war, — of the valor of our soldiers and sailors — of the fight at
Santiago — the battle at San Juan and the bravery there displayed by
regulars and volunteers, and by the " Rough Riders " under the leader-
ship of the patriot and soldier who is now the Governor of New York,
Theodore Roosevelt — the meaning of the " Dewey Arch " erected in
Greater New York,— and, above all, to make clear and strong the les-
son taught Spain by this country, that oppression and tyranny, as
that of Cuba by Spain, must cease,— that Freedom is the privilege

of all mankind.

(197)

198

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

Sure of the right, keeping free from all offense ourselves, actuated
only by upright and patriotic considerations, moved neither by passion
nor selfishness, the Government will continue its watchful care over the
rights and property of American citizens, and will abate none of its
efforts to bring about by peaceful agencies a peace which shall be
honorable and enduring. If it shall hereafter appear to be a duty
imposed by our obligations to ourselves, to civilization and humanity,
to intervene with force, it shall be without fault on our part, and only
because the necessity for such action will be so clear as to command
the support and approval of the civilized world. — President McKinley,
from Message to Congress, December, 1897.

THE MAINE.

On the morning of February 16th came the news that on the
previous evening the battle-ship Maine had been blown up and totally
destroyed in the harbor of Havana. This gigantic murder of sleeping
men, in the fancied security of a friendly harbor, was the direct out-
come and the perfect expression of Spanish rule, and the appropriate
action of a corrupt system struggling in its last agony. At last the
unsettled question had come home to the United States, and it spoke
in awful tones, which rang loud and could not be silenced. A wave
of swift, fierce wrath swept over the American people. But a word
was needed, and war would have come then in response to this foul
and treacherous act of war, for such, in truth, it was. But the words
of Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the Maine, whose coolness, self-
restraint, and high courage were beyond praise, asking, even in the
midst of the slaughter, that judgment should be suspended, were
heeded alike by government and people. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

The long trial has proved that the object for which Spain has
waged the war cannot be attained. The fire of insurrection may flame
or may smoulder with varying seasons, but it has not been and it is
plain that it cannot be extinguished by present methods. The only

THE FLAG HALLOWS THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 199

hope of relief and repose from a condition which can no longer be
endured is the enforced pacification of Cuba. In the name of humanity,
in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests,
which give us the right and the duty to speak and to act, the war in
Cuba must stop. The issue is now with the Congress. It is a solemn
responsibility. I have exhausted every effort to relieve the intolerable
condition of affairs which is at our doors. Prepared to execute every
obligation imposed upon me by the constitution and the law, I await
your action. — President McKinley, from Message to Congress, April
11, 1898.

On the 24th of April, I directed the Secretary of the Navy to
telegraph orders to Commodore George Dewey, of the United States
Navy, commanding the Asiatic Squadron, then lying in the port of
Hong Kong, to proceed forthwith to the Philippine Islands, there to
commence operations and engage the assembled Spanish fleet.
Promptly obeying that order, the United States squadron entered the
harbor of Manila at daybreak on the 1st of May and immediately
engaged the entire Spanish fleet of eleven ships, which were under the
protection of the fire of the land forts. After a stubborn fight, in
which the enemy suffered great loss, their vessels were destroyed or
completely disabled, and the water battery at Cavite silenced. Of our
brave officers and men, not one was lost, and only eight injured, and
those slightly. All of our ships escaped any serious damage. * * *
The magnitude of this victory can hardly be measured by the ordinary
standards of naval warfare. Outweighing any material advantage is
the moral effect of this initial success. At this unsurpassed achieve-
ment, the great heart of our nation throbs, not with boasting or with
greed of conquest, but with deep gratitude that this triumph has come
in a just cause, and that by the grace of God an effective step has thus
been taken toward the attainment of the wished-for peace. To those
whose skill, courage, and devotion have won the fight, to the gallant
commander, and the brave officers and men who aided him, our country
owes an incalculable debt. — President McKinley, from Message to Con-
gress, May 9, 1898.

200 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE SAILING OF THE FLEET.

Two fleets have sailed from Spain. The one would seek

What lands uncharted ocean might conceal.
Despised, condemned, and pitifully weak,

It found a world for Leon and Castile.

Another, mighty, arrogant, and vain,

Sought to subdue a people who were free.

Ask of the storm-gods where its galleons be, —
Whelmed 'neath the billows of the northern main!

A third is threatened. On the westward track,

Once gloriously traced, its vessels speed,
With gold and crimson battle-flags unfurled.
On Colon's course, but to Sidonia's wrack,

Sure fated, if so need shall come to need,
For sons of Drake are lords of Colon's world.

— The New York Tribune.

dewey's victory — May i, 1898.

" Capture or destroy the Spanish fleet at Manila." Such was the
purport of President McKinley's order to Commodore George Dewey,
commanding the American squadron in Asiatic waters; and right nobly
did he carry out his instructions. Anchored in the harbor of a friendly
power, he was informed that by the laws of neutrality he must put
to sea. Six thousand miles from home, with no base of supplies, there
were but two things for the intrepid commander to do: He must seek
in flight the safety of our own shores, or he must fight against over-
whelming odds. He did not hesitate; but chose the latter alternative
as if there were no other.

How the haughty Spaniards sneered at his pretensions! Why
should they, \vith a fleet superior in numbers, protected by the great
guns of their forts, fear the "Yankee pigs "? — the commercials who
could not fight? They were soon to learn another lesson. On the
evening of April 30, the order to advance to action was given. And,
under cover of the darkness, our majestic ships, with lights extin-
guished, crept slowly, like tigers of the jungle, through the mine-pro-

THE FLAG HALLOWS THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

20I

tected channel, past the forts up to the very teeth of the Spaniards.
When the morning of the first of May broke over the peaceful Oriental
sea, it saw the despised American in the very fangs of her proud enemy.

What a charming scene! The great ships heaving on the bosom
of the placid bay, like graceful swans. The sleeping city, quiet in the
distant haze. The gaily plumaged tropical bird calling to its mate
in a neighboring palm. The pennants of the forts lazily flapping on
their supporting poles.

The scene changes, and the heavenly peace of nature gives place
to the hell of war! The great guns of our ships belch forth their wrath
of fire and steel. The Spanish ships and forts reply. Soon, chaos and
destruction reign. Shells shriek through the quivering air. The peace-
ful sea has become a volcano from seething shot and bursting shell!
The startled Spaniards had not expected such an onslaught. Surely
this foe can fight!

The Spanish flag-ship is on fire! The flag is bravely transferred
to another; but that too is soon disabled. Frantically the iron hail is
poured from fort and ship; but it glances from our steel sides or falls
harmlessly into the sea. Slowly our great ships move on, firing with
unerring aim as if at target practice. Three times they move around
the deadly curve and the last Spanish ship is burned or sunk; the forts
on shore are a mass of ruins. The victory is won, and not an American
has been killed, not a ship seriously injured. Does our hero exult?
Not he. He sends a message to the Spanish admiral commending his
bravery and offering to care for his wounded sailors.

Days of suspense follow. There are rumors that Dewey has been
victorious, followed by others of a less reassuring nature. Spanish
dispatches claim a victory; but singularly omit to mention American
losses. Then comes a report that Dewey has been trapped; and the
whole nation is anxious; but not a word of censure is heard. Those
who know Commander Dewey say, " Do not fear, he is a quiet man;
but when he fights, he fights hard."

At last authentic news is received; and all the world wonders.
Men recall to mind the achievements of Nelson, when he defeated the
combined fleets of France and Spain ninety-three years ago.

202 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The authorities at Washington promptly make him an admiral
and vote him a sword.

A new star is added to the already brilliant galaxy of American
naval heroes; and to the names of Paul Jones, Decatur, Hull, Lawrence,
Perry, and Farragut, is added George Dewey. The civilized world is
amazed. Men recall the great feats of the past; but history reveals
nothing like this. A whole fleet, supported by shore batteries, de-
stroyed without the loss of a single man on the victorious squadron.

The new warships have been tried, and the product of modern
thought has triumphed.

The nations awake to the fact that a new power has risen with
which they must reckon. This young giant has struck his first blow
in the very cradle of the race, in the stronghold of despotism and
tyranny; and that blow was struck in the name of liberty. Hope
revives in the hearts of the down-trodden millions. Liberty is no
longer a dream, a sentiment. It has a champion who makes it an
assured fact.

And with the dawning of the new century come prophetic mur-
murings, never heard before, that the great race, speaking one tongue,
that has carried light to the dark places of the earth, shall be united,
and carry law, and liberty, and justice to all the world. — John D.
Wilson.

Youngest descendant of a glorious line, —

Jones, Perry, Hull, Decatur, heroes bold,

Who fought this nation's brave sea-fights of old,
And Farragut, whose great deeds on the brine
Through our wild civil strife with fierce glow shine, —

Dewey, all hail! With theirs is now enrolled

Thy name; with theirs thy story shall be told;
Thy country's praise and gratitude are thine;
Thy daring sally in Manila Bay

Has stirred the whole world's pulse, and well begun
The war for human rights we wage to-day

With consecrated sword. Hero, well done!
The fleet was heaven-directed in that fray —

No grander battle e'er yet fought and won.

— Virginia Vaughan.

DEWEY AT MANILA BAY,

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MEMORIAL DAY.

IHIS national holiday was at first called " Decoration Day "—
because of the custom of decorating the graves of Union
soldiers on that day. But now it bears the sweeter and
more sacred name of Memorial Day,— because of the call-
ing to remembrance then, in a special and public way,
the brave men and brave deeds of the terrible Civil War of 1861.
We Americans ought to regard the thirtieth of May, each year,
as an Holy Day, rather than a mere amusement holiday. Alas!
it is fast becoming a day for sports and games and out-door
spectacles. And yet, it can never become wholly that, as long as there
remains on earth a single soldier of the Grand Army of the Republic.
For to him will be present on each Sabbath Day of the Nation the
thought of the mighty conflict, with its patriotic spirit, its heroic deeds,
its loyal "Boys in Blue," — all indeed that made that conflict so
memorable; and his trembling hands will still seek to strew flowers of
remembrance upon the graves of his former companions-in-arms. So,
let a like spirit of loyalty and patriotism animate the soul of every one
of the thousands of G. A. R. Veterans still living. Let every teacher,
in his or her place, seek to instill into the mind of every pupil a knowl-
edge of the great events and actors in the war-drama; better still, an
idea of the meaning of the war, its triumphant issue in a restored Union
and an emancipated race — and best of all, a sentiment in every youth-
ful heart of ever-enkindling, ever-growing love for this dear " Country

of Ours!"

Probably there is not a school district in the State in which there
is not at least one veteran of the Civil War. And the one best way to
keep Memorial Day in school will be to invite him, as the guest of
honor, to tell his story of the war. If a G. A. R. " post " is in the
neighborhood, summon its members to your memorial service and let
some of them speak for all. If any soldier or sailor of the recent war

(205)

206 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

with Spain is nigh at hand, ask him to be present and speak. He will
be heard giving the meed of praise and honor to the men of '6i for
their unparalleled devotion to the Union, — and they, The Fathers, will
testify in turn to the patriotic spirit which led The Sons to beat down
tyranny and lift the Cuban to the joys of Freedom. Do not fear that
such a service will celebrate the glories of war, and so create a warlike
spirit in youthful hearts; no, for it commemorates, rather, the sorrowful
and heart-aching phases of strife. Nor fear that the keeping of such
a day will stir up a spirit of bitterness against the conquered South;
no, that has died away by the healing effects of time, by the thought
of a common origin and common destiny of all the states in the Union.
The South as well as the North keeps its Memorial Day — for sorrow
for the dead, as Washington Irving has told us, is the only sorrow
from which we refuse to be separated. But in recent years — on plat-
forms, in burial-grounds, wherever and however Memorial Day has
been kept, — the " Boys in Blue " and the " Boys in Gray " have met
and each borne testimony to the valor and honor of the other. If the
teacher of a school cannot arrange for an exercise in the school, at
least see to it that the boys and girls have a part in any commemoration
arranged by a G. A. R. post or committee. And whether in school,
in public hall or assembly, at a cemetery — wherever Memorial Day
is kept, — let it be understood and impressed that it is always the
mission of Right and Duty to declare and carry on war, whenever the
Union is in peril, or the cause of Freedom demands the sacrifice.

SONG FOR MEMORIAL DAY.

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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 20Q

QUOTATIONS.

Mid the flower-wreathed tombs I stand
Bearing lilies in my hand.

— Thomas Wentworth Higginson.

The light that shines from a patriot's grave is a pure and holy light. — Homer
Everett.

Proudly do I give
A song to you who kept the banner old,
The dearest flag o'er any country blowing.

— Maurice F. Thompson.

Let us scatter over their graves the brightest beauties of life — the glad tokens
of a blessed immortality. — George S. Mitchell.

Wherever Honor's sword is drawn,

And Justice rears her head,
Where heroes fall and martyrs bleed,

There rest our Country's dead.

— Cornelia M. Jordan.

There is a shrine in the temple of ages where lies, forever embalmed, the
memories of such as have deserved well of their country and their race. — John Mason
Brown.

Foes we were in the years long past,

Now friends in Union true;
And the tie that binds our loyal love

Is the Red, the White and Blue.

— Anon.

So long as the glorious flag for which they died waves over our reunited country,
will each recurring spring see fresh laurels on the graves of our country's dead. —
Anon.

* * * fallen in manhood's fairest noon, —
We will remember, mid our sighs,
He never yields his life too soon,
For country and for right who dies.

— Atlantic Monthly.

Our Country's Gallant Dead— Our country's soil gives them all sepulture. They
sleep beneath the Stripes and Stars. — Joseph H. Twitchell.

210 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The Northern Lights are blending

With the rays of the Southern Cross,
And the gulf is bridged between them

By a common sense of loss.

— Susan J. Adams.

They have not died in vain. The great hope that inspired and armed them has
been realized how gloriously! They saved their country — they and such as they. —
George Putnam (adapted).

They throng the silence of the heart,

We see them as of yore;
The kind, the true, the brave, the sweet,

Who talk with us no more.

— Anon.

Invoke all to heed well the lesson of Decoration Day, to weave each year a fresh
garland for the grave of some hero and to rebuke any and all who talk of civil war,
save as the " last dread tribunal of kings and peoples." — Gen. William T. Sherman
(adapted).

Their names resplendent on the roll of fame,
Their monument each flag that floats on high:

Why should we weep? No, no, they are not dead;
A grateful country will not let them die.

— Thomas F. Power.

In the fie!u of Gettysburg, as we now behold it, the blue and the gray blending in
happy harmony, like the mingling hues of the summer landscape, we may see the
radiant symbol of the triumphant America of our pride, our hope and our joy. —
George William Curtis.

Sleep, comrades, sleep in calm repose,

Upon Columbia's breast;
For thee with love her bosom glows

Rest ye, brave heroes, rest!

— /. Henry Dzvyer.

Every act of noble sacrifice to the country, every instance of patriotic devotion
to her cause has its beneficial influence. A nation's character is the sum of its
splendid deeds; they constitute our common patrimony, the nation's inheritance. —
Henry Clay.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 2II

* * * in the great review

When crowns and uniforms shall never fade,
Heroes, receive your honors due

On grand parade.

— John A. Murphy.

All the great and good shall live in the heart of ages, while marble and bronze
shall endure, and when marble and bronze have perished, they shall " still live " in
memory so long as men shall reverence law and honor patriotism and love liberty. —
Edward Everett.

Glorious and meet
To honor thus the dead,
Who chose the better part
And for their country bled.

— Richard Watson Gilder.

"Dead on the field of honor!" This is the record of thousands of unnamed
men, whose influence upon other generations is associated with no personal distinc-
tion, but whose sacrifice will lend undying lustre to the nation's archives, and richer
capacity to the national life. — E. A. Chapin.

Soft stream the sunshine overhead,
Green grow the grasses on your graves;

Heaven will remember you, though dead,
Ungarlanded, immortal braves.

— Harper's Magazine.

Those who fought against us, are now of us and with us reverently acknowledge
that above all the desires of men move the majestic laws of God, evolving alike
from victory or defeat of nations, a substantial good for all His children. — Gen.
George A. Sheridan.

Sleep soldiers! still in honored rest

Your truth and valor wearing;
The bravest are the tenderest, —

The loving are the daring.

— Bayard Taylor.

We join you in setting apart this land as an undying monument of peace, brother-
hood, and perpetual Union. We unite in the solemn consecration of these hallowed
hills as a holy, eternal pledge of fidelity to the life, freedom and unity of this cherished
Republic. — Gen. John B. Gordon, Address on behalf of Confederate veterans, Gettys-
burg, Pa., July 3, 1888.

212 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

A debt we ne'er can pay

To them is justly due,
And, to the Nation's latest day,
Our children's children still shall say,

" They died for me and you."

— Anon.

By the homely traditions of the fireside, by the headstones in the churchyard
consecrated to those whose forms repose far off in rude graves, or sleep beneath the
sea, embalmed in the memory of succeeding generations of parents and children, the
heroic dead will live on in immortal youth. — Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts.

So close the Blue and Gray have fought,

So near they lowly lie,
God grant, that now their life-work wrought,

Their arms be linked on high

Peace blesses all our happy land,

One flag from lake to sea.
Great God! each loyal heart and hand,

And voice is praising Thee.

— D. H. Kent.

To-day it is the highest duty of all, no matter on what side they were, but above
all of those who have struggled for the preservation of the Union, to strive that it
become one of generous confidence in which all the States shall, as of old, stand
shoulder to shoulder, if need be, against the world in arms. — Ex-Attorney-General
Charles Devens.

SELECTIONS.

Your marches, sieges, and battles, in distance, duration, resolu-
tion, and brilliancy of results, dim the luster of the world's past
military achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent in de-
fense of liberty and right in all time to come. In obedience to
your country's call, you left your homes and families, and volunteered
in her defense. Victory has crowned your valor, and secured the pur-
pose of your patriotic hearts; and with the gratitude of your country-
men, and the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY.

213

will soon be permitted to return to your homes and families, conscious
of having discharged the highest duties of American citizens. — Ulysses
S. Grant (from his farewell to the Union Army).

The soldiers of the Republic were not seekers after vulgar glory.
They were not animated by the hope of plunder or the love of con-
quest. They fought to preserve the blessings of liberty and that their
children might have peace. They were the defenders of humanity, the
destroyers of prejudice, the breakers of chains, and in the name of the
future they slew the monster of their time. All honor to the Brave!
They kept our country on the map of the world, and our flag in heaven.
The soldiers of the Republic finished what the soldiers of the Revolu-
tion commenced. They relighted the torch that fell from their august
hands and filled the world again with light. — Robert G. Ingersoll.

Grander than the Greek, nobler than the Roman, the soldiers of
the Republic, with patriotism as taintless as the air, battled for the
rights of others; for the nobility of labor; fought that mothers might
own their babes; that arrogant idleness should not scar the back of
patient toil; and that our country should not be a many-headed mon-
ster made of warring states, but a nation, sovereign, grand, and free.
Blood was water, money, leaves, and life was common air until one
flag floated over a Republic, without a master and without a slave.
The soldiers of the Union saved the South as well as the North. They
made us a nation. Their victory made us free and rendered tyranny
in every other land as insecure as snow upon volcano lips. They rolled
the stone from the sepulchre of progress, and found therein two angels
clad in shining garments — Nationality and Liberty. — Robert G. Inger-
soll.

I share with you all the pleasure and gratitude which Americans
should feel on this anniversary (July 4). But I must dissent from one
remark to the effect that I saved the country during the war. If our
country could be saved or ruined by the efforts of one man, we should
not have a country. If I had never held command, if I had fallen, if all
our generals had fallen, there were ten thousand behind who would
have done our work just as well, and who would have followed the

214 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

contest to the end and never surrendered the Union. We should have
been unworthy of our country and of the American name if we had not
made every sacrifice to save the Union. — Ulysses S. Grant.

Sometimes in passing along the street, I meet a man who, in the
left lapel of his coat, wears a little, plain, modest, unassuming bronze
button. The coat is often old and rusty; the face above, seamed and
furrowed by the toil and suffering of adverse years; perhaps beside it
hangs an empty sleeve, and below it stumps a wooden peg. But when
I meet the man who wears that button, I doff my hat and stand un-
covered in his presence — yea! to me the very dust his weary feet has
pressed is holy ground; for I know that man, in the dark Hour of the
nation's peril, bared his breast to the hell of battle to keep the flag of
our country in the Union sky.

May be at Donelson, he reached the inner trench; at Shiloh", held
the broken line; at Chattanooga, climbed the flame-swept hill; or
stormed the clouds on Lookout Heights. He was not born or bred
to soldier life. His country's summons called him from the plow, the
bench, the forge, the loom, the mine, the store, the office, the college,
the sanctuary. He did not fight for greed of gold, to find adventure,
or to win renown. He loved the peace of quiet ways; and yet he broke
the clasp of clinging arms, turned from the witching glance of tender
eyes, left good-bye kisses on tiny lips, to look death in the face on
desperate fields. And when the war was over, he quietly took up the
broken threads of love and life as best he could, a better citizen for
having been so good a soldier. — John H. Thurston.

The Minute Man of the Revolution! And who was he? He was
the husband and father, who left the plough in the furrow, the hammer
on the bench, and kissing his wife and children, marched to die or to
be free. The Minute Man of the Revolution! He was the old, the
middle-aged, the young. He was Captain Miles of Acton, who reproved
his men for jesting on the march! He was Deacon Josiah Haines, of
Sudbury, eighty years old, who marched with his company to South
Bridge, at Concord, then joined in that hot pursuit to Lexington, and
fell as gloriously as Warren at Bunker Hill. This was the Minute Man
of the Revolution! The rural citizen, trained in the common school,

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 01 -

2I5

the town-meeting, who carried a bayonet that thought, and whose gun,
loaded with a principle, brought down, not a man, but a system!
Intrenched in his own honesty, the king's gold could not buy him;
enthroned in the love of his fellow-citizens, the king's writ could not
take him; and when, on the morning at Lexington, the king's troops
marched to seize him, his sublime faith saw, beyond the clouds of the
moment, the rising sun of the America we behold, and careless of
himself, mindful only of his country, he exultingly exclaimed: " Oh!
What a glorious morning! " — George William Curtis.

All honor to the Army of the United States. Truly is its muster
roll shorter than the list of its achievements. Yet amid all strictures,
cavil, and carping it has a place well earned and warm in the heart of
this people, for its generals have never sought to be dictators, nor its
regiments pretorian guards, and with them the safety of the country
and the liberties of the people are secure. And long, long may it be so!

William E. Furness.

Every mountain and hill shall have its treasured name, every river
shall keep some solemn title, every valley and every lake shall cherish
its honored register; and till the mountains are worn out and the rivers
forget to flow, till the clouds are weary of replenishing springs, and the
springs forget to gush, and the rills to sing, shall their names be kept
fresh with reverent honors which are inscribed upon the book of
National Remembrance. — H. W. Beecher.

Thank God for deeds of valor done!

Thank God for victories hardly won!

That such as you need never know

The anguish of those days of woe;

For time and peace old wounds have healed,

And flowers now strew the battle-field.

But ah! the graves that no man names or knows,
Uncounted graves, which never can be found;
Graves of the precious " missing " where no sound

Of tender weeping will be heard, where goes
No loving step of kindred.
But nature knows her wilderness,

21 6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

There are no " missing " in her numbered ways,
In her great heart is no forgetfulness,
Each grave she keeps, she will adorn, caress;
We cannot lay such wreaths as Summer lays,
And all her days are Decoration Days.

— Helen Hunt.

The muffled drum's sad roll has beat

The soldier's last tattoo;
No more on Life's parade shall meet

That brave and fallen few.
On Fame's eternal camping ground

Their silent tents are spread.
And Glory guards, with solemn round,

The bivouac of the dead.

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead!

Dear is the blood you gave.
No impious footsteps here shall tread

The herbage of your grave.
Nor shall your story be forgot

While Fame her record keeps,
Or Honor points the hallowed spot

Where Valor proudly sleeps.

*******

— Theodore O'Hara.

THE HEROES' GREETING.

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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 2IQ

SELECTIONS.

BUGLES OF GETTYSBURG.

Sound, bugles! sound again!
Rouse them to life again,

Awake them all!
Here, where the Blue and Gray
Struggled in fierce array,
Wake them in peace to-day;

God bless them all!

Sound bugles! sound again!
Sound o'er these hills again,

Where gather all;
Those who are left to-day,
Left of the battle's fray,
Left of the Blue and Gray;

God bless them all!

Sound bugles! sound again!
Bid all unite again,

Like brothers all;
Here, clasping hands, to-day,
With love for Blue and Gray,
Dead is all hate to-day;

God bless them all!

— Welle sky Bradshaw.

No nobler emotion can fill the breast of any man than that which
prompts him to utter honest praise of an adversary whose convictions
and opinions are at war with his own; and where is there a Confederate
soldier in our land who has not felt a thrill of generous admiration and
applause for the pre-eminent heroism of the gallant Federal admiral
who lashed himself to the mainmast, while the tattered sails and frayed
cordage of his vessel were being shot away by piecemeal above his
head, and slowly but surely picked his way through sunken reefs of
torpedoes, whose destructive powers consigned many of his luckless
comrades to watery graves? The fame of such men as Farragut, Stan-
ley, Hood, and Lee, and the hundreds of private soldiers, who were

220 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

the true heroes of the war, belongs to no clime or section, but is the
common property of mankind. They were all cast in the same grand
mould of self-sacrificing patriotism, and I intend to teach my children
to revere their names as long as the love of country is respected as a
noble sentiment in the human breast. — Lawrence Sullivan Ross.

THE BLUE AND THE GRAY.

By the flow of the inland river,

Whence the fleets of iron have fled,
Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver,

Asleep are the ranks of the dead:
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment-day;
Under the one, the Blue;

Under the other, the Gray.

These in the robings of glory,

Those in the gloom of defeat;
All with the battle-blood gory,

In the dusk of eternity meet;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the laurel, the Blue;

Under the willow, the Gray.

From the silence of sorrowful hours,

The desolate mourners go,
Lovingly laden with flowers,

Alike for the friends and the foe.
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the roses, the Blue;

Under the lilies, the Gray.

So, with an equal splendor,

The morning sun-rays fall,
With a touch impartially tender,

On the blossoms blooming for all.
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Broidered with gold, the Blue;

Mellowed with gold, the Gray.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 22I

So, when the summer calleth,

On forest and field of grain,
With an equal murmur falleth

The cooling drip of the rain;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Wet with the rain, the Blue;

Wet with the rain, the Gray.

Sadly, but not with upbraiding,

The generous deed was done;
In the storm of the years that are fading

No braver battle was won.
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Under the blossoms, the Blue;

Under the garlands, the Gray.

No more shall the war-cry sever,

Or the winding rivers be red;
They banish our anger forever

When they laurel the graves of our dead.
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the judgment day;
Love and tears for the Blue;

Tears and love for the Gray.

— Francis M. Finch.

As to the kind of preparation which sound policy dictates, the
navy, most certainly, in any point of view, occupies the first place. It
is the safest, most effectual, and cheapest mode of defense. If the force
be the safest and most efficient, which is at the same time the cheapest,
on that should be our principal reliance. We have heard much of the
danger of standing armies to our liberties. The objection cannot be
made to the navy. Generals, it must be acknowledged, have often
advanced at the head of armies to imperial rank; but in what instance
has an admiral usurped the liberties of his country? Put our strength
in the navy for foreign defense and we shall certainly escape the whole
catalogue of possible evils painted by gentlemen on the other side.

222 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

If anything can preserve the country in its most imminent dangers
from abroad, it is this species of armament. If we desire to be free
from future wars (as I hope we may be), this is the only way to effect
it. We shall have peace then, and, what is of still higher moment, peace
with perfect security. — John C. Calhoun.

CONCORD HYMN.

By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood,

And fired the shot heard round the world.

The foe long since in silence slept;

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.

On this green bank, by this soft stream,

We set to-day a votive stone;
That memory may their dead redeem,

When, like our sires, our sons are gone.

Spirit, that made those heroes dare

To die, and leave their children free,
Bid Time and Nature gently spare

The shaft we raise to them and thee.

— Ralph Waldo Emerson.

No praise can be too great for the American volunteers, who passed
through days of battle, enduring fatigue without a murmur, always in
the right place at the right time, and emerging from the fiery ordeal
a compact body of veterans, equal to any task that brave and disci-
plined men can be called upon to undertake. — Gen. George McClellan.

General Grant said: " We did our work as well as we could, and
so did thousands of others. What saved the Union was the coming
forward of the young men of the nation. They came from their homes
and fields, as they did in the time of the Revolution. The humblest
soldier who carried a musket is entitled to as much credit as those
who were in command. So long as our young men are animated by
this spirit, there will be no fear for the Union."

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY.

THE SOLDIER BOY.

The man who wears the shoulder straps

And has his sword in hand,
Who proudly strides along in front,

Looks good, and brave, and grand;
But, back there in the ranks somewhere,—

Just which I cannot see, —
With his gun upon his shoulder, is

The soldier boy for me!

The man who wears the shoulder straps

Is handsome, brave, and true,
But there are other handsome boys,

And other brave ones, too!
When there are heights that must be won

While bullets fill the air,
'Tis not the ofrker alone

Who braves the dangers there.

The man who wears the shoulder straps

Is cheered along the way,
And public honor dulls his dread

Of falling in the fray;
But there behind him in the ranks,

And moving like a part
Of some machine, is many a man

With just as brave a heart.

The man who wears the shoulder straps

Deserves the people's praise;
I honor and applaud him for

The noble part he plays;
But, back there in the ranks somewhere,

Stout-hearted, is he, —
Prepared to do, and nerved to dare, —

The soldier boy for me!

— i\ E. Kiser.

223

224

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE MEN BEHIND THE GUNS.

A cheer and salute for the admiral, and here's to the captain bold,

And never forget the commodore's debt when the deeds of might are told!

They stand to the deck thro' the battle's wreck, when the great shells roar and

screech, —
And never they fear when the foe is near to practise what they preach;
But off with your hat, and three times three for Columbia's true-blue sons, —
The men below, who batter the foe, — the men behind the guns!

The steel decks rock with the lightning shock, and shake with the great recoil,
And the sea grows red with the blood of the dead and reaches for its spoil, —
Tut not till the foe has gone below, or turns his prow and runs.
Shall the voice of peace bring sweet release to the men behind the guns!

— lohn James Rooney.

At Grant's tomb, when speaking of the perils, the services, and
the heroism of the men who made up the Union armies. President Mc-
Kinley put the matter none too strongly when he said: "What is
true patriotism? It is an absolute consecration to country. It is an
abandonment of business; it is turning away from cherished plans,
which have been fondly formed for a life's career; it is the surrendering
of bright prospects and the giving up of ambition in a chosen work;
it is the sundering of ties of blood and family and almost snapping of
the heartstrings which bind us to those we love; it is the surrendering
of ourselves absolutely to the demands of country; it may mean dis-
ease; it may mean imprisonment, insanity or death; it may mean hunger,
thirst, and starvation. In our Civil War it meant all these."

The captains and the armies who brought to a close the Civil War
have left us more than a reunited realm. The material effect of what
they did is shown in the fact that the same flag flies from the Great
Lakes to the Rio Grande, and all the people of the United States are
richer because they are one people and not many, because they belong
to one great nation, and not to a contemptible knot of struggling
nationalities. But beside this, beside the material results of the Civil
War, we are all, North and South, incalculably richer for its memories.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 22$

We are the richer for each grim campaign, for each hard-fought battle.
We are the richer for valor displayed by those who fought so valiantly
for the right, and by those who, no less valiantly, fought for what they
deemed the right. We have in us nobler capacities for what is great
and good, because of the infinite woe and suffering, and because of the
splendid ultimate triumph. — Theodore Roosevelt, in " American Ideals."

THE NEW MEMORIAL DAY.

Oh, the roses we plucked for the blue
And the lilies we twined for the gray,

We have bound in a wreath,

And in silence beneath
Slumber our heroes to-day.

Over the new-turned sod

The sons of our fathers stand,
And the fierce old fight
Slips out of sight

In the clasp of a brother's hand.

For the old blood left a stain

That the new has washed away,
And the sons of those
That have faced as foes

Are marching together to-day.

Oh, the blood that our fathers gave!

Oh, the tide of our mothers' tears!
And the flow of red,
And the tears they shed,

Embittered a sea of years.

But the roses we plucked for the blue.

And the lilies we twined for the gray,
We have bound in a wreath,
And in glory beneath

Slumber our heroes to-day.

— Albert Bigeloiv Paine.

226 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

OUR STANDING ARMY.

We have no standing army?

Nay, look around, and see!
The man who ploughs the furrow

The man who fells the tree,
The statesman and the scholar,

At the first word of fear
Turn to their country, breathing,

" My mother, I am here I "

Not of a dumb, blind people

Is this, our army, made;
Where schoolhouse and where steeple

Have cast their friendly shade
Our army grows in knowledge,

As it to manhood grows,
And, trained in school and college,

Stands ready for its foes.

The brawny arms of gunners

Serve minds alert and keen;
The sailor's thought has travelled

To lands he has not seen.
Not for the joy of killing,

Not for the lust of strife,
Have these come forth with gladness

To offer up their life.

Behold our standing army —

Not, as in other lands,
An army standing idle,

With empty minds and hands.
But each one in his station;

And peaceful victory
Is training for the nation

Heroes of land and sea.

— Margaret Vandegrift.

Mark Trafton, D.D.
Lento.

IN MEMORIAM.

John W. Tufts.

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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY.

229

If those who win battles and save civilization are dear to the
hearts of men, how cherished will be the memory of the tenacious
soldier whom nothing could shake off from success.

Breaking up on the Rapidan in early May, Grant forced his fiery
way through the Wilderness and was called a butcher. By one of the
most masterly and daring of military movements, he forced the enemy
within their capital and was called incapable. " He'll do no more,"
shouted the exultant friends of the rebellion. They did not know the
man. Undismayed by delay, holding Richmond in both hands, he
ordered Thomas to annihilate Hood, and he did it; he ordered Terry
to take Fort Fisher, and he took it; he ordered Sheridan to sweep the
Shenandoah, and he swept it clean. The terror of Sherman's presence,
one hundred miles away, emptied Charleston of troops. Across
Georgia, across South Carolina into North Carolina, he moved, scourg-
ing the land with fire. Then the genius of the great commander, by
the tireless valor of his soldiers, lighted all along the line, burst over
the enemy's works, crushed his ranks, forced his retreat, and over-
whelmed Lee and his army. — George William Curtis.

By the sacrifice of the Union soldiers, some questions were settled^
never to be reopened, over which politicians, and statesmen, and philos-
ophers had wrangled a hundred years. No man will ever after this
claim that in politics a part is greater than the whole, or a state greater
than a nation, nor will any have the rashness to maintain that " E
Pluribus Unum " means many out of one.

The graves of 300,000 patriots are our witness to-day, that hence-
forth, from the pine forests of our cold northern border to the orange
groves of the gulf, from the great Atlantic metropolis of the Empire
State to the golden gates of the Pacific, the stars and stripes will brook
no rival. On every headstone of the graves decorated to-day may be
read, albeit in invisible characters, yet unfading as though written by
the hand of fate, " Liberty, Union, Equality;" " One Flag and One
Country." Such was their contribution to their country, to humanity,
to posterity. Do we not justly enroll their names among earth's bene-
factors, and garland their graves as those of heroes and martyrs? — -
Oscar D. Robinson.

230 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

At the battle of Mission Ridge, General Thomas was watching a
body of troops painfully pushing their way up a steep hill against a
withering fire. Victory seemed impossible, and the General, even he,
that rock of valor and patriotism, exclaimed, " They can't do it! They
will never reach the top." His chief of staff, watching the struggle with
equal earnestness, said softly, "Time, time, General; give them time;"
and presently the moist eyes of the brave leader saw his soldiers victo-
rious upon the summit. They were American soldiers — so are we.
They were fighting an American battle — so are we. They were climb-
ing a height — so are we. Give us time, and we, too, shall triumph. —
George William Curtis.

" Did you hear that fearful scream? " asked a Union soldier of his
comrade in the early days of the Civil War, as they pressed on in the
deadly assault up the bloody slope. " Yes; what is it? " " It is the Rebel
yell. Does it frighten you? " " Frighten me! " said the young soldier,
as he pressed more eagerly forward, " Frighten me! " it is the music to
which I march! " And they planted the starry flag of victory upon the
enemy's rampart.

When the enemy's yell is the music to which the soldier marches,
he marches to victory. Patience then, and forward. — George William
Curtis.

IN THE TIME OF STRIFE.

We may not know

How red the lilies of the spring shall grow;

What silver flood,

Sea streaming, take the crimson tints of blood.

We may not know

If victory shall make the bugles blow;

If still shall wave

The flag above our freedom or our grave.

We only know

One heart, one hand, one country, meet the foe;

On land and sea

Her liegemen in the battle of the free.

— Frank L. Stanton.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 2\l

The shot which the embattled farmers fired at Lexington echoed
" round the world," and produced most of those revolutions in all lands
by which power has fallen from the throne and been gained by the peo-
ple. It was the echo of that shot which in 1861 aroused the national
spirit to the protection of the national life, and while Lexington
founded the Republic, the memory of Lexington preserved it. —
Chauncey Mitchell Depew.

HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE !

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest,
By all their country's wishes blest!
When Spring, with dewy ringers cold,
Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.

By fairy hands their knell is rung;
By forms unseen their dirge is sung;
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
To bless the turf that wraps their clay;
And Freedom shall awhile repair,
To dwell a weeping hermit there.

— William Collins.

The great Civil War was remarkable for the inventive mechanical
genius and the resolute daring shown by the combatants. This was
especially true of the navy. The torpedo boat managed by W. B.
Cushing against the Confederate ram, Albemarle, was an open launch,
with a spar rigged out in front, the torpedo being placed at the end.
The crew consisted of fifteen men. Cushing not only guided his craft,
but himself handled the torpedo by means of two small ropes, one of
which put it in place, while the other exploded it. Cushing possessed
reckless courage, presence of mind, and high ability. On the night of
October 2,7, 1864, ne left the Federal fleet, steamed a dozen miles up
river, where the great ram lay under the guns of the fort, with a regi-
ment of guns to defend her. He was almost upon her before he was
discovered. The rifle balls were singing about him, and he heard the
noise of the great guns as they got ready. Still erect in his little craft,

2^2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

he brought the torpedo full against the side of the huge ram and ex-
ploded it just as the pivot gun of the ram was fired at him not ten yards
off. At once the ram settled, the launch sinking at the same time,
while Cushing and his men swam for their lives. — Adapted from Theo-
dore Roosevelt.

Tears for the slave, when Nature's gift

Of all that man can be
Wastes, like the scattered spars that drift

Upon the unknown sea.
Tears when the craven sinks at last,

No deed of valor done;
But no tears for the soul that passed

When Honor's fight was won.

He takes the hand of heavenly fate

Who lives and dies for truth.
For him the holy angels wait,

In realms of endless youth.
The grass upon his grave is green

With everlasting bloom;
And love and glory make the sheen

Of glory round his tomb.

— William Winter.

The American Republic was established by the united valor and
wisdom of the lovers of liberty from all lands. The Frenchman, with
his gay disregard of danger, the German with his steady courage, the
Pole with his high enthusiasm, and the Irishman with all these quali-
ties combined, were here in the long and bloody struggle for inde-
pendence. Lafayette, the beloved of Washington; Hamilton, who rode
by his side, and assisted to organize the government; Pulaski, Mont-
gomery, Steuben, all were born under alien skies, and came to the ban-
quet of battle and of death because of their love for human freedom.
At every subsequent period of American history the foreign-born citi-
zen, in council and in the field, has been faithful to the common cause
of liberty. — Daniel IV. Voorhees.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 233

EIGHT VOLUNTEERS.

Eight volunteers! on an errand of death!

Eight men! Who speaks?
Eight men to go where the cannon's hot breath

Burns black the cheeks.
Eight men to man the old Merrimac's hulk;
Eight men to sink the old steamer's black bulk,
Blockade the channel where Spanish ships skulk —

Eight men! Who speaks?

"Eight volunteers!" said the Admiral's flags!

Eight men! Who speaks?
Who will sail under El Morro's black crags —

Sure death he seeks?
Who is there willing to offer his life?
Willing to march to this music of strife —
Cannon for drum and torpedo for fife?

Eight men! Who speaks?

Eight volunteers! on an errand of death!

Eight men! Who speaks?
Was there a man who in fear held his breath?

With fear-paled cheeks?
From ev'ry warship ascended a cheer!
From ev'ry sailor's lips burst the word "Here!"
Four thousand heroes their lives volunteer!

Eight men! Who speaks?

— Lansing C. Bailey.

In the midst of other cares, however important, we must not lose
sight of the fact that the war power is still our main reliance. Our
chiefest care must still be directed to the army and navy, who have
thus far borne their harder part so nobly and well. And it may be
esteemed fortunate that, in giving the greatest efficiency to these indrs-
pensable arms, we do also honorably recognize the gallant men, from
commander to sentinel, who compose them, and to whom, more than
to others, the world must stand indebted for the home of freedom,
disenthralled, regenerated, enlarged, and perpetuated. — Abraham Lin-
coln.

234 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

TRUE FAME.

The heart so leal and the hand of steel

Are palsied aye for strife,
But the noble deed, and the patriot's meed

Are left of the soldier's life.

The bugle call and the battle ball

Again shall rouse him never;
He fought and fell, he served us well;

His furlough lasts forever.

— Samuel P. Merrill.

" We bring, O brothers of the North, the message of fellowship
and love. This message comes from consecrated ground. All around
my native home are the hills down which the gray flag fluttered to
defeat, and through which the American soldiers from both sides
charged like demi-gods. I could not bring a false message from those
old hills, witnesses to-day, in their peace and tranquility, of the imper-
ishable union of the American States, and the indestructible brother-
hood of the American people." — Henry W. Grady, in New York.

At Gettysburg, the world witnessed a battle-field disfigured by no
littleness and spoiled by no treachery. So long as the world lasts men
will differ about the best strategy in war, and concerning the wisdom
of commanders and the quality of their generalship. But no criticism,
however clever, can at all belittle the supreme glory of this day and
field. Here the world saw a great army confronted with a great crisis,
and dealing with it in a great way. Here all lesser jealousies and rival-
ries disappeared in the one supreme rivalry how each one should best
serve his country, and, if need be, die for her. — Henry C. Potter.

To be cold and breathless, to feel not and speak not; this is not
the end of existence to the men who have breathed their spirits into
the institutions of their country, who have stamped their characters
on the pillars of the age, who have poured their heart's blood into
the channels of the public prosperity. Tell me, ye who tread the sods
of yon sacred height, is Warren dead? Can you not still see him, not
pale and prostrate, the blood of his gallant heart pouring out of his

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY.

235

ghastly wound, but moving resplendent over the field of honor, with
the rose of heaven upon his cheek, and the fire of liberty in his eye?
Tell me, ye who make your pious pilgrimage to the shades of Vernon,
is Washington indeed shut up in that cold and narrow house? That
which made these men, and men like these, cannot die. The hand that
traced the charter of independence is, indeed, motionless; the eloquent
lips that sustained it are hushed; but the lofty spirits that conceived,
resolved, and maintained it, and which alone, to such men " make it
life to live," these cannot expire:

These shall resist the empire of decay,
When time is o'er, and worlds have passed away;
Ccld in the dust the perished heart may lie,
But that which warmed it once can never die.

— Edward Everett.

Whiter, for the fires that strove to blacken and blast its fame;
purer, for the blood that watered its base; stronger, for the tramp of
armed men around its assaulted portals, — we, now and here, rejoice
in the rescued temple of our liberties. The credit and glory of the
undesecrated walls of that temple and of its unmoved foundations are
due to the work and hardships of the American soldier. It was their
service which made us to-day fellow-citizens enjoying the same rights,
the same chances, the same incalculable career, whether we hail from
the East or from the West, from the North or from the South. Honor
then to the American soldier now and ever! Honor him in sermon and
speech! Honor him in sonnet, stanza, and epic! Honor him in the
unwasting forms by which art seeks to prolong his well-earned fame!
Honor the volunteer soldier, who, when his work of devastation and
death was ended, put aside his armor, melting into the sea of citizen-
ship, making no ripple of disturbance upon its surface! Honor the
citizen soldier of America, who never knew the feeling of vindictiveness
or revenge ! — John L. Swift.

To-day the nation looks back and thanks God that, in a great
crisis, the children whom it had nurtured in peace and prosperity sud-
denly showed the stuff of heroes; they were not afraid to dare and to

236 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

die when the bugle rang clear across the quiet fields. Whenever and
however duty called, they answered with their lives. Let the nation
thank God that it still breeds the men who make life great by service
and sacrifice; that time and work and pleasure anc, wealth have not
sapped the sources of its inward strength; that it still knows how to
dare all and do all in that hour when manhood alone counts and
achieves. — The Outlook.

On a beautiful May Day more than thirty years ago, there gath-
ered beneath the overhanging boughs of a fruit-bearing tree, beside an
open grave, the friends and kinsmen of one who, though a mere boy,
had smelled the smoke of battle, felt the sting of rebel lead and won
for himself the golden crown of martyrdom in the military service of
his country. There were also gathered there a few of his old compan-
ions in arms — bronzed veterans — survivors of the dreadful carnage
at Malvern Hill and the awful slaughter of Gettysburg, who had come
to drop a tear at a comrade's grave and breathe a prayer for the safety
of his soul. Just as the solemn rites of burial were over and the last
shovelful of earth had been heaped upon his last resting-place, God's
breath shook the overhanging boughs and sweet and beautiful apple
blossoms came gently down and decorated that young hero's grave;
and ever since, when the pleasant days and fragrant flowers of spring
come, the loyal people of this country gladly follow the example Heaven
so graciously set and see to it that no veteran's grave is neglected. —
From a Memorial Day address of Col. Anson S. Wood, Commander
Department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic.

Look to your history, — that part of it which the world knows by
heart, and you will find on its brightest page the glorious achieve-
ments of the American sailor. Whatever his country has done to dis-
grace him and break his spirit, he has never disgraced her. Man for
man, he asks no odds and he cares for no odds when the cause of
humanity or the glory of his country calls him to the fight.

Who, in the darkest days of our Revolution, carried your flag into
the very chops of the British Channel, bearded the lion in his den, and
awoke the echo of old Albion's hills by the thunder of his cannon, and.

THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 2X7

the shouts of his triumph? It was the American sailor; and the names
of John Paul Jones and the Bon Homme Richard will go down the
annals of time forever.

Who struck the first blow that humbled the Barbary flag, — which,
for a hundred years, had been the terror of Christendom, — drove it
from the Mediterranean, and put an end to the infamous tribute it had
been accustomed to exact? It was the American sailor; and the names
of Decatur and his gallant companions will be as lasting as monumental
brass.

In your War of 1812, when your arms on shore were covered by
disaster, when Winchester had been defeated, when the army of the
Northwest had surrendered, and when the gloom of despondency hung
like a cloud over the land, who first relit the fires of national glory,
and made the welkin ring with the shouts of victory? It was the Ameri-
can sailor; and the names of Hull and the " Constitution " will be re-
membered as long as we have a country to love.

That one event was worth more to the Republic than all the money
which has ever been expended for a navy. Since that day the navy has
had no stain upon its national escutcheon, but has been cherished as
your pride and glory; and the American sailor has established a reputa-
tion throughout the world, in peace and in war, in storm and in battle,
for a heroism and prowess unsurpassed. — Commodore Stockton, from
speech against whipping in the navy.

238 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

MANILA BAY.

The first great fight of the war is fought!

And who is the victor, — say, —
Is there aught of the lesson now left untaught

By the fight of Manila Bay?

Two by two were the Spanish ships

Formed in their battle line;
Their flags at the taffrail peak and fore,
And batteries ready upon the shore,

Silently biding their time.

Into their presence sailed our fleet, —

The harbor was fully mined, —
With shotted guns and open ports
Up to their ships, — ay, — up to their forts;

For Dewey is danger blind.

Signalled the flagship, " Open fire,"
And the guns belched forth their death.

"At closer range," was the order shown;

Then each ship sprang to claim her own,
And to lick her fiery breath.

Served were our squadron's heavy guns

With gunners stripped to the waist,
And the blinding, swirling, sulph'rous smoke
Enveloped the ships, as each gun spoke,
In its furious, fearful haste.

Sunk and destroyed were the Spanish ships,

Hulled by our heavy shot,
For the Yankee spirit is just the same,
And the Yankee grit, and the Yankee aim,

And their courage, which faileth not.

— H. E. IV., h

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
THE FLAG CONSECRATES

THE

BIRTHDAY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON.

(February 22, 1732).

Selections Song, Ode for Washington's Birthday.

Selections Song, God Speed the Right.

16 (241)

THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON.

iHE twenty-second of February — the day on which George
Washington was born (1732) is a national holiday. When
it comes on any one of the five school-days of the week,
the children are freed from their books, and may stay
at home or spend the time as they please. But in some
schools the pupils are called together, their parents and friends
invited in, and a patriotic exercise is given in which the character and
career of Washington and the stormy yet glorious days of the Ameri-
can Revolution are made the subject of song, composition, and the
" speaking of pieces." This is better far than for children to be idle
at home or roaming the streets, — and it is greatly to be wished that
the custom of the few schools become the custom of all. But until that
sensible plan is adopted, the next best thing seems to be to devote an
hour or more of the previous day's session to the exercise. Now, it is
clear to see that the pupils of any particular school will appreciate such
an exercise just in proportion to their knowledge of the man and the
times. If, then, the scholars are old enough and their historical study
or reading has been wide enough, let the program be correspondingly
strong; if not, let the teacher take pains to explain and inform, infusing
as much of the historical as possible under the guise of the romantic —
so making appeal to the imagination and that sense of admiration for
adventure and bravery innate in the minds of children. A long pro-
gram is herewith given, with the thought of choice among the selec-
tions, if the time is very brief.

(243)

244 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

QUOTATIONS.

Oh, Washington! thou hero, patriot, sage,
Friend of all climes and pride of every age!

— Thomas Paine.

Washington is the mightiest name of earth. — Abraliam Lincoln.

One of the greatest captains of the age. — Benjamin Franklin.

The voice of mankind shall ascend in acclaim,

And the watchword of nations be Washington's name.

— James G. Brooks.

Washington is to my mind the purest figure in history. — IVilliam Ewart Glad-
stone.

Of all great men he was the most virtuous and most fortunate. — Guizot.

Columbia's darling son,
The good, the great, the matchless Washington.

— IVilliam Leggett.

Washington — the greatest man of our own or of any age. — Edward Everett.

He was invested with a glory that shed a lustre on all around him. — Archbishop
John Carroll.

Washington hath left
His awful memory
A light for after times.

— Robert Southcy.

Washington — the ideal type of civic virtue to succeeding generations. — James
Bryce.

The greatest man of modern times. — Sir Henry Grattan.

The mighty name of Washington
Is the grand synonym of all we prize
Of great and good in this wide western world.

— Christopher P. Cranch.

No nobler figure ever stood in the forefront of a nation's life. — John Richard
Green.

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 245
In this world the seal is now put on his greatness. — Alexander Hamilton.

Freedom's first and favorite son —
He whose patriotic valor universal homage won —
He who gave the world the Union — the immortal Washington!

— Francis DeHass Janvier.

He had every title at command, but his first victory was over himself. — Gonver-
ncur Morris.

The want of the age is an European Washington. — Lamartine.

The grandest, purest, best,

Of heroes, earth has known,
That man who for his country's sake,
Spurned from him crown and throne.

— C. G. Rosenburg.

First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen. — Henry Lee.

I am not surprised at what George has done, for he was always a good boy. —
Mary Washington, his mother.

For truth and wisdom, foremost of the brave;

Him glory's idle glances dazzled not;

Twas his ambition, generous and great,
A life to life's great end to consecrate.

— Percy Bysshe Shelley.

A pure and high-minded gentleman, of dauntless courage and stainless honor,
simple and stately of manner, kind and generous of heart. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

Here indeed is a character to admire and revere; a life without a stain, a fame
without a flaw. — William Makepeace Thackeray.

His work well done, the leader stepped aside,
Spurning a crown with more than kingly pride,
Content to wear the higher crown of worth,
While time endures, " First Citizen of Earth."

— James J. Roche.

George Washington — the highest human personification of justice and benevo-
lence.— William H. Seward.

246

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

He was great as he was good; he was great because he was good. — Edward
Everett.

The good, the brave,
Whose mighty dust in glory sleeps,
Where broad Potomac swells and sweeps,
And mourns and murmurs past his grave.

— Abraham Coles.

The universal consent of mankind accords to Washington the highest place
among the great men of the race. — George F. Hoar.

Among a world of dreamers he was the only one whose vision in the slightest
degree approached the great realities of the future.— Edward Everett Hale.

He lives, ever lives in the hearts of the free,
The wings of his fame spread across the broad sea;
He lives where the banner of freedom 's unfurled,
The pride of his country, the wealth of the world.

— Alfred Tennyson.

His example is complete; and it will teach wisdom and virtue to magistrates,
citizens and men, not only in the present age but in future generations.— John
Adams.

Washington — a fixed star in the firmament of great names, shining without
twinkling or obscuration, with clear, steady, beneficent light.— Daniel Webster.

* * * though often told,
The story of thy deeds can ne'er grow old,
Till no young breast remains to be inspired,
And virtue, valor, greatness have expired.

— Hannah Gould.

The fame of Washington stands apart from every other in history, shining
with a truer lustre and more benignant glory. — Washington Irving.

His memory will be cherished by the wise and good of every nation, and truth
will transmit his character to posterity in all its genuine lustre. — John Jay.

Shortest month of all. we greet thee;

Bring us clouds or bring us sun,
Surely all will bid thee welcome,

Month that gave us Washington!

— Emma C. Dowd.

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON, ^y

When the storm of battle blows darkest and rages highest, the memory of
Washington shall nerve every American arm and cheer every American breast.-
Rufus Choate.

The anniversary of his birthday does not come round too often for us to
devote some hour of it, whenever it returns, to meditation upon him and to grati-
tude for his spirit and his work.— Thomas Starr King.

Virginia gave us this imperial man,

Cast in the massive mold

Of those high-statured ages old
Which into grander forms our metal ran;
She gave us this unblemished gentleman.

— James Russell Lowell.

The more clearly Washington's teaching and example are understood, the
more faithfully they are followed, the purer, the stronger, the more glorious' will
this Republic become.— Carl Schurz.

Sincerely honoring him, we cannot become indifferent to those great principles
of human freedom, consecrated by his life, and by the solemn act of his last will
and testament.— Charles Sumner.

For tho' the years their golden round
O'er all the lavish region roll,
And realm on realm, from pole to pole,

In one beneath thy Stars be bound,

The far-off centuries as they flow,

No whiter name than this shall know!

— Francis T. Palgrave.

The filial love of Washington for his mother is an attribute of American man-
hood, a badge which invites our trust and confidence and an indispensable element
of American greatness.— Grover Cleveland (adapted).

The majesty of that life — whether told in the pages of Marshall or Spark?, of
Irving or Bancroft, or through the eloquent utterances of Webster, or Everett, or
Winthrop, or the matchless poetry of Lowell, or the verse of Byron — never grows
old.— Melville Fuller, 'Chief Justice United States Supreme Court.

248 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

SELECTIONS.

GEORGE WASHINGTON.

Washington was the only man in the United States who pos-
sessed the confidence of all. There was no other man who was con-
sidered as anything more than a party leader. The whole of his
character was in its mass perfect, in nothing bad, in a few points indif-
ferent. And it may be truly said that never did nature and fortune
combine more perfectly to make a man great, and to place him in the
same constellation with whatever worthies have merited from man an
everlasting remembrance. — Thomas Jefferson.

If we look over the catalogue of the first magistrates of nations,
whether they have been denominated Presidents, or Consuls, Kings or
Princes, where shall we find one whose commanding talents and vir-
tues, whose overruling good fortune, have so completely united all
hearts and voices in his favor? who enjoyed the esteem and admiration
of foreign nations, and fellow-citizens, with equal unanimity? Quali-
ties so uncommon are no common blessing to the country that pos-
sesses them. By these great qualities, and their benign effects, has
Providence marked out the head of this nation, with a hand so dis-
tinctly visible as to have been seen by all men, and mistaken by none. —
John Adams.

In the war of the Revolution, when it was thought the cause was
lost, men became inspired at the very mention of the name of George
Washington. In 1812, when we succeeded once more against the
mother country, men were looking for a hero, and there arose before
them that rugged, grim, independent old hero, Andrew Jackson. In
the last, and greatest of all wars, an independent and tender-hearted
man was raised up by Providence to guide the helm of state through
that great crisis, and men confidingly placed the destinies of this
great land in the hands of Abraham Lincoln. In the annals of our
country, we find no man whose training had been so peaceful, whose
heart was so gentle, whose nature was so tender, and yet who was

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON oak

called upon to marshal the hosts of the masses of the people during
four years of remorseless and bloody and unrelenting- fratricidal war.—
Horace Porter.

Nor must it be supposed that Washington owed his greatness
to the peculiar crisis which called out his virtues. His more than
Roman virtues, his consummate prudence, his powerful intellect, and
his dauntless decision and dignity of character, would have made him
illustrious in any age. The crisis would have done nothing for him,
had not his character stood ready to match it. Acquire his character,'
and fear not the recurrence of a crisis to show forth its glory — William
Wirt.

The name of Washington is intimately blended with whatever
belongs most essentially to the prosperity, the liberty, the free insti-
tutions, and the renown of our country. That name was of power to
rally a nation, in the hour of thick-thronging public disasters and
calamities; that name shone, amid the storm of war, a beacon light
to cheer and guide the country's friends; it flamed, too, like a meteor
to repel her foes. That name, in the days of peace, was a loadstone,
attracting to itself a whole people's confidence, a whole people's love,
and the whole world's respect; that name, descending with all time,
spreading over the whole earth, and uttered in all the languages belong-
ing to the tribes and races of men, will forever be pronounced with
affectionate gratitude by every one, in whose breast there shall arise
an aspiration for human rights and human liberty.— Daniel Webster.

It is the peculiar good fortune of this country to have given
birth to a citizen whose name everywhere produces a sentiment of
regard for his country itself. In other countries, whenever and
wherever this is spoken of to be praised, and with the highest praise,
it is called the country of Washington. Half a century and more has
now passed away since he came upon the stage and his fame first
broke upon the world; for it broke like the blaze of day from the rising
sun, almost as sudden and seemingly as universal. The eventful period
since that era has teemed with great men, who have crossed the scene
and passed off. Some of them have arrested great attention. Still

250 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Washington retains his pre-eminent place in the minds of men, still
his peerless name is cherished by them in the same freshness of delight
as in the morn of its glory. — AsJwr Robbins.

Washington served us chiefly by his sublime moral qualities. To
him belonged the proud distinction of being the leader in a revolution,
without awakening one doubt or solicitude as to the spotless purity
of his purpose. His was the glory of being the brightest manifestation
of the spirit which reigned in this country, and in this way he became
a source of energy, a bond of union, the center of an enlightened
people's confidence.

By an instinct which is unerring, we call Washington, with
grateful reverence, The Father of His Country, but not its
saviour. A people which wants a saviour, which does not possess
an earnest and pledge of freedom in its own heart, is not yet ready to
be free. — William E. Charming.

Jefferson said of Washington: " His integrity was the most pure,
his justice the most inflexible I have ever known, no motives of inter-
est, or consanguinity, or hatred being able to bias his decision. He
was, in every sense of the words, a wise, a good, and a great man."

As the ocean washes every shore, and, with all-embracing arms,
clasps every land, while on its heaving bosom it bears the products
of various climes, so peace surrounds, protects and upholds all other
blessings. Without it, commerce is vain, the ardor of industry is
restrained, justice is arrested, happiness is blasted, virtue sickens and
dies. And peace has its own peculiar victories, in comparison with
which Marathon and Bannockburn and Bunker Hill, fields sacred in
the history of human freedom, shall lose their lustre. Our own Wash-
ington rises to a truly heavenly stature, not when we follow him over
the ice of the Delaware to the capture of Trenton, not when we behold
him victorious over Cornwallis at Yorktown, but when we regard him,
in noble deference to justice, refusing the kingly crown which a faith-
less soldiery proffered, and, at a later day, upholding the peaceful neu-
trality of the country while he received unmoved the clamor of the
people wickedly crying for war. — Charles Sumner.

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 25 I

I see in Washington a great soldier who fought a trying war to
a successful end, impossible without him; a great statesman, who did
more than all other men to lay the foundations of a republic which has
endured in prosperity for more than a century. I find in him a marvel-
lous judgment which was never at fault, a penetrating vision which
beheld the future of America when it was dim to other eyes, a great
intellectual force, a will of iron, an unyielding grasp of facts, and an
unequalled strength of patriotic purpose. I see in him, too, a pure
and high-minded gentleman of dauntless courage and stainless honor,
simple and stately of manner, kind and generous of heart. Such he
was in truth. The historian and the biographer may fail to do him
justice, but the instinct of mankind will not fail. The real hero needs
not books to give him worshipers. George Washington will always
receive the love and reverence of men, because they see embodied in
him the noblest possibilities of humanity. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

To us, citizens of America, it belongs, above all others, to show
respect to the memory of Washington, by the practical deference which
we pay to those sober maxims of public policy which he has left us, —
a last testament of affection in his Farewell Address. Of all the exhor-
tations which it contains, I scarce need say to you that none are so
emphatically uttered, none so anxiously repeated, as those that enjoin
the preservation of the union of these states. No one can read the
Farewell Address without feeling that this was the thought, and this
the care which lay nearest and heaviest upon that noble heart; and if,
which Heaven forbid, the day shall ever arrive when his parting coun-
sels on that head shall be forgotten, on that day, come it soon or
come it late, it may as mournfully as truly be said that " Washington
has lived in vain." Then the vessels, as they ascend and descend the
Potomac, may toll their bells with new significance as they pass
Mount Vernon; they will strike the requiem of constitutional liberty
for us, — for all nations. — Edward Everett, Oration on Washington.

A great and venerated character like that of Washington, which
commands the respect of an entire population, however divided on
other questions, is not an isolated fact in history to be regarded with
barren admiration; it is a dispensation of Providence for good.

252

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

It was well said by Mr. Jefferson, in 1792, writing to Washington
to dissuade him from declining a renomination: " North and South
will hang together while they have you to hang to."

Washington in the flesh is taken from us; we shall never behold
him as our Fathers did; but his memory remains, and I say, let us hang
to his memory. Let us make a national festival and holiday of his
birthday; and ever, as the 22d of February returns, let us remember
that, while with these solemn and joyous rites of observance we cele-
brate the great anniversary, our fellow-citizens on the Hudson, on the
Potomac, from the Southern plains to the Western lakes, are engaged
in the same offices of gratitude and love. — Edzvard Everett, Oration on
Washington.

We are met to celebrate the one hundred and tenth anniversary
of the birthday of Washington.

Washington is the mightiest name on earth, long since mightiest
in the cause of civil liberty, still mightiest in moral reformation.

On that name a eulogy is expected. It cannot be. To add bright-
ness to the sun or glory to the name of Washington is alike impos-
sible. Let none attempt it.

In solemn awe pronounce the name, and, in its naked, deathless
splendor, leave it shining on. — Abraham Lincoln.

If Washington had one passion more strong than any other, it
was love of country. The purity and ardor of his patriotism were
commensurate with the greatness of its object. Love of country in
him was invested with the sacred obligations of a duty, and from the
faithful discharge of this duty he never swerved for a moment, either
in thought or deed, throughout the whole period of his eventful career.
— J area1 Sparks.

It has been said Washington was not a great soldier; but certainly
he created an army out of the roughest materials, outgeneralled all
that Britain could send against him, and, in the midst of poverty and
distress, organized victory. He was not brilliant and rapid. He was
slow, defensive, and victorious. He made " an empty bag stand

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON.

253

upright," which, Franklin says, is " hard." Some men command the
world, or hold its admiration, by their ideas or by their intellect. Wash-
ington had neither original ideas nor a deeply-cultured mind. He com-
manded by his integrity, by his justice. He loved power by instinct,
and strong government by reflective choice. Twice he was made
Dictator, with absolute power, and never abused the awful and despotic
trust. The monarchic soldiers and civilians would make him king.
He trampled on their offer, and went back to his fields of corn and
tobacco at Mount Vernon. The grandest act of his public life was
to give up his power; the most magnanimous deed of his private life
was to liberate his slaves. Cromwell is the greatest Anglo-Saxon who
was ever a ruler on a large scale. In intellect he was immensely
superior to Washington; in integrity, immeasurably below him. For
one thousand years no king in Christendom has shown such greatness,
or gives us so high a type of manly virtue. He never dissembled. He
sought nothing for himself. In him there was no unsound spot,
nothing little or mean in his character. The whole was clean and
presentable. We think better of mankind because he lived, adorning
the earth with a life so noble. — Theodore Parker.

In the production of Washington it does really appear as if Nature
was endeavoring to improve upon herself, and that all the virtues of
the ancient world were but so many studies preparatory to the patriot
of the new. Individual instances, no doubt, there were: splendid
exemplifications of some single qualification. Caesar was merciful,
Scipio was continent, Hannibal was patient; but it was reserved for
Washington to blend them all in one, and, like the lovely masterpiece
of the Grecian artist, to exhibit in one glow of associated beauty the
pride of every model and the perfection of every master. As a gen-
eral, he marshalled the peasant into a veteran and supplied by disci-
pline the absence of experience. As a statesman he enlarged the
policy of the cabinet into the most comprehensive system of general
advantage; and such was the wisdom of his views and the philosophy
of his counsels that to the soldier and the statesman he almost added
the character of the sage. A conqueror, he was untainted with the
crime of blood; a revolutionist, he was free from any stain of treason,

2c4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

for aggression commenced the contest, and a country called him to the
command; liberty unsheathed his sword, necessity stained, victory
returned it. If he had paused here history might doubt what station
to assign him, whether at the head of her citizens or her soldiers, her
heroes or her patriots. But the last glorious act crowned his career
and banishes hesitation. Who, like Washington, after having freed
a country, resigned her crown and retired to a cottage rather than
reign in a capitol! Immortal man! He took from the battle its crime,
and from the conquest its chains; he left the victorious the glory of
his self-denial, and turned upon the vanquished only the retribution
of his mercy. Happy, proud America! The lightnings of heaven
yielded to your philosophy! The temptations of earth could not seduce
your patriotism. — Charles Phillips.

ODE FOR WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY.

Oliver Wendell Holmes.

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THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 2tf

SELECTIONS.

Just honor to Washington can only be rendered by observing his
precepts and imitating his example. He has built his own monu-
ment. We, and those who come after us, in successive generations,
are its appointed, its privileged guardians. The widespread republic
is the future monument to Washington. Maintain its independence.
Uphold its constitution. Preserve its union. Defend its liberty.
Let it stand before the world in all its original strength and beauty,
securing peace, order, equality, and freedom to all within its bound-
aries; and shedding light, and hope, and joy upon the pathway of
human liberty throughout the world; and Washington needs no other
monument. Other structures may fully testify our veneration for him:
this, this alone, can adequately illustrate his services to mankind.
Nor does he need even this. The republic may perish, the wide arch
of our ranged Union may fall, star by star its glories may expire, stone
by stone its columns and its capitol may moulder and crumble, all
other names which adorn its annals may be forgotten, but as long as
human hearts shall anywhere pant, or human tongues anywhere plead,
for a true, rational, constitutional liberty, those hearts shall enshrine
the memory, and those tongues prolong the fame, of George Wash-
ington.— Robert C. Winthrop.

American youth know that Washington captured Cornwallis,
made a brilliant retreat after the battle of Long Island and worried and
fretted the British armies into exhaustion during a seven years' war.
They also know that he was President twice and declined to become
President a third time. There are not many who kn6w that the only
time tears were seen in his eyes was at the close of the war, when his
army, encamped upon the banks of the Hudson, was about to be dis-
banded. There were men in his army who were fearful that the ambi-
tions and jealousies of some of those who had been of influence during
the Revolution would attempt to gain great personal power. There
were others who believed that there would be established in America
a constitutional monarchy, modeled after that of Great Britain. The
nation, as we now know it, was a government yet to be created.
17

258

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

So a company of officers — men having influence — having talked
this matter over, agreed to go to Washington, ask him to accept .the
crown of empire and to promise him the support of the army in thus
establishing a personal throne. When they approached Washington,
he thought that as friends they had come to him for counsel. He
was in a happy frame of mind that morning. The war had ended
victoriously, and he had already been in consultation with Hamilton
respecting the form of civil government which the now free colonies
should undertake.

They offered him the crown in but a single sentence. A few
years before, across the river, Washington, being seated at breakfast,
had been approached by an officer, who told him that Benedict Arnold
had fled after an attempt to betray West Point into the hands of the
British. The news was appalling, for he had admired Arnold's splendid
courage and loved the man. Yet so great was his self-command, so
superb his capacity for controlling emotion, SO' thoroughly had he
schooled himself to face adversity with calmness, that those about
him only saw a look of sad sternness come to his countenance as he
uttered the now historic words, " Whom can we trust? "

But when these officers proposed to him the empire, and tried
to put the sceptre in his hand, Washington broke down. There was
sorrow and there was anger in his countenance and in his manner.
Tears came to his eyes, and, when he dismissed them with a sad gesture
and only a brief word, these men realized that Washington had been
shocked and grieved that it could have entered their hearts that he
could for one moment have regarded an empire as possible, or could
have fought through those seven years that he might himself attain the
throne. In his action Washington not only revealed his moral great-
ness, but made it impossible that a monarchy could ever be established
in the United States.

Fame was too earnest in her joy,

Too proud of such a son
To let a robe and title

Mask our noble Washington.

The fame of Washington stands apart from every other in his-
tory, shining with a truer lustre and a more benignant glory. With

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 259

us his memory remains a national property, where all sympathies meet
in unison. Under all dissensions and amid all storms of party, his pre-
cepts and examples speak to us from the grave with a paternal appeal;
and his name — by all revered — forms a universal tie of brother-
hood,— a watchword of our Union. — John Fiske.

No nobler figure ever stood in the forefront of a nation's life.
Washington was grave and courteous in address; his manners were
simple and unpretending; his silence and the serene calmness of his
temper spoke of perfect self-mastery; but there was little in his out-
ward bearing to reveal the grandeur of soul which lifts his figure, with
all the simple majesty of an ancient statue, out of the smaller passions,
the meaner impulses of the world around him. It was only as the
weary fight went on that the colonists learned, little by little, the
greatness of their leader, his clear judgment, his heroic endurance,
his silence under difficulties, his calmness in the hour of danger or
defeat, the patience with which he waited, the quickness and hardness
with which he struck, the lofty and serene sense of duty that never
swerved from its task through resentment or jealousy, that never,
through war or peace, felt the touch of a meaner ambition, that knew
no aim save that of guarding the freedom of his fellow-countrymen,
and no personal longing save that of returning to his own fireside when
their freedom was secured. — Green's " Short History of the English
People."

Washington, from first to last, inspired every one with the idea
that he could be trusted. No one ever suspected him for a moment,
as Caesar, as Frederick, as Napoleon were with reason suspected, —
with a design to use the power committed to him for the furtherance
of his own ambition. Here was a man who thought only of his duty,
who resigned power with far more alacrity than he assumed it, and
who paid the bond of patriotism in full. — Henry M. Tozvle.

Of all the great men in history, Washington was the most invari-
ably judicious. Those who knew him well noticed that he had keen
sensibilities and strong passions; but his power of self-command never
failed him, and no act of his public life can be traced to personal caprice,

260

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ambition, or resentment. In the despondency of long-continued fail-
ure, in the elation of sudden success, at times when his soldiers were
deserting by hundreds, and when malignant plots were formed against
his reputation, amid the constant quarrels, rivalries, and jealousies of
his subordinates, in the dark hour of national ingratitude, and in the
midst of the most universal and intoxicating flattery, he was always
the same calm, wise, just, and single-minded man, pursuing the course
which he believed to be right, without fear, or favor, or fanaticism;
equally free from the passions that spring from interest and from the
passions that spring from imagination. Washington never acted on
the impulse of an absorbing or uncalculating enthusiasm, and he valued
very highly fortune, position, and reputation, but at the command of
duty he was ready to risk and sacrifice them all. He was, in the
highest sense of the words, a gentleman and a man of honor, and he
carried into public life the severest standard of private morals. —
William E. H. Lccky, from " The History of England in the Eighteenth
Century."

Arise! 'tis the day of our Washington's glory;

The garlands uplift for our liberties won.
O! sing in your gladness his echoing story,

Whose sword swept for freedom the fields of the sun.

Not with gold, nor with gems, but with evergreens vernal,
And the banner of stars that the continent span,

Crown, crown we the chief of the heroes eternal,
Who lifted his sword for the birthright of man.

— Hezekiah Butter worth.

When the storm of battle blows darkest and rages highest, the
memory of Washington shall nerve every American arm, and cheer
every American heart. — Rufus CJwatc.

It was not character that fought the Trenton campaign and car-
ried the revolution to victory. It was military genius. It was not
character that read the future of America and created our foreign
policy. It was statesmanship of the highest order. Without the great
moral qualities that Washington possessed his career would not have

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 2fa

been possible; but it would have been quite as impossible if the intellect
had not equalled the character.

There is no need to argue the truism that Washington was a
great man, for that is universally admitted. But it is very needful
that his genius should be rightly understood, and the right under-
standing of it is by no means universal.

His character has been exalted at the expense of his intellect, and
his goodness has been so much insisted upon both by admirers and
critics that we are in danger of forgetting that he had a great mind
as well as high moral worth. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

With the sure sagacity of a leader of men, Washington at once
selected, for the highest and most responsible stations, the three chief
Americans who represented the three forces in the nation which alone
could command success in the institution of the government. Hamil-
ton was the head, Jefferson was the heart, and John Jay was the con-
science. Washington's just and serene ascendancy was the lambent
flame in which these beneficent powers were fused, and nothing less
than that ascendancy could have ridden the whirlwind and directed the
storm that burst around him.— George William Curtis.

Washington's appointments, when President, were made with a
view to destroy party and not to create it, his object being to gather
all the talent of the country in support of the national government;
and he bore many things which were personally disagreeable in an
endeavor to do this.— Paul Leicester Ford.

Men are beginning to feel that Washington stands out, not only
as the leading American, but as the leading man of the race. Of men
not named in Sacred Scripture, more human beings this day know
and honor the name of George Washington than that of any other
of the sons of men. — Charles F. Deems.

An Englishman by race and lineage, Washington incarnated in his
own person and character every best trait and attribute that have
made the Anglo-Saxon name a glory to its children and a terror to
its enemies throughout the world. But he was not so much an

252 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Englishman that, when the time came for him to be so, he was not
even more an American; and in all that he was and did, a patriot so
exalted, and a leader so wise and great, that what men called him when
he came to be inaugurated as the first President of the United States
the civilized world has not since then ceased to call him — the Father
of his Country. — Right Rev. Henry C. Potter.

There is Franklin, with his first proposal of Continental union.
There is James Otis, with his great argument against Writs of Assist-
ance, and Samuel Adams, with his inexorable demand for the removal
of the British regiments from Boston. There is Quincy, and there
is Warren, the protomartyr of Bunker Hill. There is Jefferson,
with the Declaration of Independence fresh from his pen, and John
Adams close at his side. There are Hamilton and Madison and Jay
bringing forward the Constitution; but, towering above them all is
Washington, the consummate commander, the incomparable Presi-
dent, the world-renowned patriot. — Robert C. PVinthrop.

CARMEN BELLICOSUM.

In their ragged regimentals
Stood the old Continentals,

Yielding not,
When the grenadiers were lunging,
And like hail fell the plunging

Cannon-shot;

When the files

Of the isles,
From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant

Unicorn,
And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer,

Through the morn!

Then with eyes to the front all,
And with guns horizontal,

Stood our sires;
And the balls whistled deadly,
And in streams flashing redly

Blazed the fires;

As the roar

On the shore,

THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 26\

Swept the strong battle-breakers o'er the green-sodded acres

Of the plain;
And louder, .louder, louder cracked the black gunpowder,

Cracked amain!

Now like smiths at their forges
Worked the red St. George's

Cannoniers;
And the " villainous saltpetre "
Rung a fierce, discordant metre

Round their ears;

As the swift

Storm-drift,
With hot sweeping anger, came the Horse Guard's clangor

On our flanks.
Then higher, higher, higher burned the old-fashioned fire

Through the ranks!

Then the old-fashioned colonel
Galloped through the white infernal

Powder-cloud;
And his broadsword was swinging,
And his brazen throat was ringing

Trumpet loud.

Then the blue

Bullets flew,
And the trooper jackets redden at the touch of the leaden

Rifle-breath;
And rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder.

Hurling death!

— Guy Humphrey McMaster.
(This stirring poem was written when the author was only nineteen years old.)

GOD SPEED THE RIGHT.

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
THE FLAG BLESSES

THE

BIRTHDAY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

(Feb. 12, 1809.)

Quotations In Prose and Poetry.

Selections Song, The Man for Me.

Selections Song, Laus Deo.

(267)

THE BIRTHDAY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

T is indeed necessary that children, in so far as they are

capable, should know the theory of our government, and

the great events that, like milestones, have marked its

course. But, after all, theories and abstract facts never

can take such hold upon the minds of children — upon

memory and imagination — nor stir them to such a sense of their

country's worth — as can the history, the life, of a great man. It

will be difficult to make the little folks understand the causes, direct

or indirect, which led to the Civil War of '61. Indeed, who of us who

are older and trained to teach are competent to tell all the influences

that ended in that terrible struggle? But what child can fail to know

and feel the real greatness of the personality and life of Abraham

Lincoln? He was what we may call a boy's man — having that sense

of humor, that spirit of fun which appeals so irresistibly to boys, —

yes, even to " boys of larger growth." Let much be made, therefore,

in any celebration of Lincoln's birthday, of those incidents, so strange,

so fascinating, which marked his early boyhood in his cabin home —

of the trials which beset his youth-time, his wonderful skill in political

debate — his perilous journey to the city of Washington, there to be

inaugurated President of the United States — his care for the soldiers

in the field and the poor black men in slavery in the South, — and, at

length, his martyr death. (Just here might come in a study of " The

Negro " in our history.) Fear not to blend with all, the stories which

made him as well known as his statesmanship — indeed, which were,

many of them, illustrations of the very spirit and philosophy of

statesmanship.

(269)

2yo MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

QUOTATIONS.

A man born for his time. — Morrison R. Waite.

Abraham Lincoln was the genius of common sense. — Charles Dudley Warner.

His constant thought was his country and how to serve it. — Charles Sumner.

A name that shall live through all coming time,
Unbounded by country, by language, or clime.

— C. P. Corliss.

Washington was the father, and Lincoln the savior of his country. — Henry L.

Dawes.

The typical American, pure and simple. — Asa Gray.

The plain, honest, prudent man, — safe in council, wise in action, pure in
purpose. — John C. New.

Patriot, who made the pageantries of kings
Like shadows seem, and unsubstantial things.

— R. IV. Dale.

Lincoln was the purest, the most generous, the most magnanimous of men. —
Gen. IV. T. Sherman.

His career closed at a moment when its dramatic unity was complete. — Governor
Andreiv, of Massachusetts.

Abraham Lincoln was worthy to be trusted and to be loved by all his country-
men.— Gen. Howard.

He lives in endless fame,
All honor to his patriot name.

— H. C. Ballard.

He stands before us and will so stand in history as the Moses of this Israel of
ours. — Charles Lowe.

A man of great ability, pure patriotism, unselfish nature, full of forgiveness
for his enemies. — Ulysses Simpson Grant.

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 2yi

Kind, unpretending, patient, laborious, brave, wise, great and good, such was
Abraham Lincoln. — Theodore Frclinghuysen.

Long centuries hence thy name shall shine as one
No blame can cloud — our second Washington.

— Henry Peterson.

Freedom's great high-priest, who set apart his life, while others sought but
gold or bread. — T. C. Pease.

His career teaches young men that every position of eminence is open before
the diligent and worthy. — Bishop Matthew Simpson.

The purity of his patriotism inspired him with the wisdom of a statesman and
the courage of a martyr. — Stanley Matthews.

* * * so true and tender,
The patriot's stay, the people's trust,
The shield of the offender.

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

Such a life and character will be treasured forever as the sacred possession of
the American people and of mankind. — lames A. Garfield.

A great man, tender of heart, strong of nerve, of boundless patience and
broadest sympathy, with no motive apart from his country. — Frederick Douglass.

The purest of men, the wisest of statesmen, the most sincere and devoted
patriot, the loveliest character of American statesmen. — Hon. Charles Foster.

His country saved, his work achieved,

He boasted not of what he'd done,
But rather in his goodness, grieved

For all sad hearts beneadi the sun,

— G. Martin.

Under the providence of God, he was, next to Washington, the greatest instru-
ment for the preservation of the Union and the integrity of our country. — Peter
Cooper.

Of all the men I ever met he seemed to possess more of the elements of great-
ness combined with goodness than any other. — Gen. W . T. Sherman.

272 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Lincoln, the honest man, who, without personal ambition, always supported by
a strong perception of his duties, deserved to be called emphatically a great citizen.—
Louis Phillipe, Due D'Orleans.

All the kindly grace,
The tender love, the loyalty to truth,
That flow and mingle in the gentlest blood,
Were met together in his blameless life.

— Mary A. Ripley.

The past century has not, the century to come will not have, a figure so grand
as that of Abraham Lincoln.— Emilio Castelar (Spain).

The life of Abraham Lincoln is written in imperishable characters in the history
of the great American Republic— John Bright (England).

By his fidelity to the True, the Right, the Good, he gained not only favor and
applause, but what is better than all, love.— W . D. Howells.

The form is vanished and the footsteps still,

But from the silence Lincoln's answers thrill;

" Peace, charity and love! " in all the world's best needs

The master stands transfigured in his deeds.

— Kate M. B. Sherwood.

He was a true believer in the divinity of the rights of man as man, the civil as
well as the religious hope of the race. — Sidney Dyer.

In Lincoln there was always some quality that fastened him to the people and
taught them to keep time to the music of his heart. — David Swing.

" You will find the whole of my early life," said Lincoln to a friend, " in a single
line of Gray's Elegy "

" The short and simple annals of the poor."

— Anon.

Heroic soul, in homely garb half hid,

Sincere, sagacious, melancholy, quaint;
What he endured, no less than what he did,

Has reared his monument and crowned him saint.

— /. T. Trowbridge.

He was one whom responsibility educated, and he showed himself more and
more nearly equal to duty as year after year laid on him ever fresh burdens. God-
given and God-led and sustained we must ever believe him. — Wendell Phillips.

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 273

He was warm-hearted; he was generous; he was magnanimous; he was most
truly, as he afterward said on a memorable occasion, " with malice toward none,
with charity for all."— Alexander H. Stephens.

It is the great boon of such characters as Mr. Lincoln's that they reunite what
God has joined together and man has put asunder. In him was vindicated the
greatness of real goodness and the goodness of real greatness.— Bishop Phillips
Brooks.

We rest in peace, where his sad eyes

Saw peril, strife and pain;
His was the awful sacrifice.
And ours the priceless gain.

— John G. Whittier.

SELECTIONS.

Let me endeavor to give those in this audience who never saw
Mr. Lincoln some idea of his personal appearance. He was a very tall
man _ 6 feet 4 inches. His complexion was dark, his eyes and hair
black; and though he was of lean, spare habit, I should suppose he
must have weighed about 180 pounds. He was a man of fine fibre,
and thus a brain of superior power was contained in a small, but rather
elongated, skull. * * * His movements were rather angular, but
never awkward; and he was never burdened with that frequent curse
of unfortunate genius, the dreadful oppression of petty self-conscious-
ness. It was a most remarkable character, that of Abraham Lincoln.
He had the most comprehensive, the most judicial mind; he was the
least faulty in his conclusions of any man that I have ever known.—
Charles A. Dana, Lecture on " Lincoln and His Cabinet/' at New
Haven, March 10, 1896.

Mr. Lincoln was not what you would call an educated man. The
college that he had attended was that which a man attends who gets
up at daylight to hoe the corn, and sits up at night to read the best
book he can find, by the side of a burning pine knot. What education
he had, he picked up in that way. He had read a great many books;
and all'the books that he had read, he knew. He had a tenacious mem-
18

2-4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ory, just as he had the ability to see the essential thing-. He never
took an unimportant point and went off upon that; but he always laid
hold of the real thing, of the real question, and attended to that with-
out attending to the others any more than was indispensably necessary.
— Charles A. Dana, Lecture, " Lincoln and His Cabinet."

There, by his courage, his justice, his even temper, his fertile
counsel, his humanity (Abraham Lincoln) stood a heroic figure in the
centre of a heroic epoch. He is the true history of the American
people in his time. Step by step he walked before them; slow with
their slowness, quickening his march by theirs, the true representative
of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country, the
pulse of twenty millions throbbing in his heart, the thought of their
minds articulated by his tongue. — Ralph Waldo Emerson.

We can still count as one of ourselves, with his honor and his
sadness, with his greatness and his everyday homeliness, with his wit
and his logic, with his gentle chivalry that made him equal to the
best born knight, and his awkward and ungainly way that made him
one of the plain people, our martyred President, our leader of the
plain people, Abraham Lincoln. * * * Beyond the rulers of every
age, Lincoln was the leader of the people, — of what he called the plain
people. * * * He knew, as no other man did, as cabinets and
congresses did not know, the sentiments and feelings of the plain people
of the Northern States. He knew that they loved, beyond every-
thing else, the Union, and he would move only so fast as, over the
electric currents which connected his heart and brain with every
fireside in the land, came the tidings to him that they were ready for
another advance along the lines of revolutionary action which would
preserve the Union. — Chauncey M. Dcpezv, Speech at Lincoln Dinner.

I have often contemplated and described (Lincoln's) life. Born
in a cabin of Kentucky, of parents who could hardly read; born a new
Moses in the solitude of the desert, where are forged all great and
obstinate thoughts, monotonous, like the desert, and, like the desert,
sublime; growing up among those primeval forests, which, with their

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN.

275

fragrance, send a cloud of incense, and, with their murmurs, a cloud
of prayers, to heaven; a boatman at eight years, in the impetuous cur-
rent of the Ohio, and at seventeen in the vast and tranquil waters of
the Mississippi; later, a woodman, with axe and arm felling the imme-
morial trees, to open a way to unexplored regions for his tribe of
wandering workers; reading no other book than the Bible, the book
of great sorrows and great hopes, dictated often by prophets to the
sound of fetters they dragged through Nineveh and Babylon; a child
of nature, in a word, by one of those miracles only comprehensible
among free peoples, he fought for the country, and was raised by his
fellow-citizens to the Congress at Washington, and by the nation to
the presidency of the Republic; and, after emancipating three million
slaves, that nothing might be wanting, he dies in the very moment
of victory, — like Christ, like Socrates, like all redeemers, at the foot
of his work. His work! Sublime achievement! over which humanity
shall eternally shed its tears, and God His benedictions. — Emilia
Castelar (Spanish orator).

From the union of the colonists, Puritans and Cavaliers, from
the straightening of their purposes and the crossing of their blood,
slow perfecting through a century, came he who stands as the first
typical American, the first who comprehended within himself all the
strength and gentleness, all the majesty and grace of this republic —
Abraham Lincoln. He was the sum of Puritan and Cavalier, for in
his ardent nature were fused the virtues of both, and in the depths
of his great soul the faults of both were lost. He was greater than
Puritan, greater than Cavalier, in that he was American, and that in
his honest form were first gathered the vast and thrilling forces of his
ideal government — charging it with such a tremendous meaning and
so elevating it above human suffering, that martyrdom, though
infamously aimed, came as a fitting crown to a life consecrated from
the cradle to human liberty. Let us build with reverent hands to the
type of this simple, but sublime life, in which all types are honored. —
Henry W. Grady, of Georgia, from the speech at the New England
Club, in New York city, December 21, 1886.

275 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

If ever the face of a man writing solemn words glowed with holy
joy, it must have been the face of Abraham Lincoln as he bent over
the Emancipation Proclamation. Here was an act in which his whole
soul could rejoice, an act that crowned his life. All the past, the free
boyhood in the woods, the free youth upon the farm, the free man-
hood in the honorable citizen's employment — all his freedom gathered
and completed in this. And is it any wonder that among the swarthy
multitudes, ragged, and tired, and hungry, and ignorant, but free
forever from anything but the memorial scars of the fetters and the
whips, — is it any wonder there grew up in camps and hovels a super-
stition, which saw in Lincoln the image of one who was more than
man, and whom with one voice they loved to call " Father Abraham? "
— Phillips Brooks.

The nation's debt to these men (Washington and Lincoln) is not
confined to what it owes them for its material well-being, incalculable
though this debt is. Beyond the fact that we are an independent and
united people, with half a continent as our heritage, lies the fact that
every American is richer by the noble deeds and noble words of Wash-
ington and of Lincoln. Each of us who reads the Gettysburg speech
or the second inaugural address of the greatest American of the nine-
teenth century, or who studies the long campaigns and lofty states-
manship of that other American who was even greater, cannot but
feel within him that lift toward things higher and nobler which can
never be bestowed by the enjoyment of mere material prosperity. —
From " American Ideals," Theodore Roosevelt.

On the day of his death, this simple Western attorney, who, accord-
ing to one party, was a vulgar joker, and whom some of his own sup-
porters accused of wanting every element of statesmanship, was the
most absolute ruler in Christendom, and this solely by the hold his
good-humored sagacity had laid on the hearts and understandings of
his countrymen. Nor was this all, for it appeared that he had drawn
the great majority, not only of his fellow-citizens, but of mankind
also, to his side. So strong and persuasive is honest manliness, with-
out a single quality of romance or unreal sentiment to help it! A
civilian during times of the most captivating military achievements,

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 2yy

awkward, with no skill in the lower technicalities of manners, he left
behind him a fame beyond that of any conqueror, the memory of a
grace higher than that of outward person, and of gentlemanliness
deeper than mere breeding. Never before that startled April morn-
ing did such multitudes of men shed tears for the death of one they
had never seen, as if with him a friendly presence had been taken
away from their lives, leaving them colder and darker. Never was
funeral panegyric so eloquent as the silent look of sympathy which
strangers exchanged when they met on that day. Their common
manhood had lost a kinsman. — James Russell Lozvell.

To Horace Greeley, the greatest of American editors, his party
associate and a stinging thorn in his flesh, Lincoln wrote: " If there be
those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same
time save slavery, I do not agree with them." " If there be those who
would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy
slavery, I do not agree with them."

" My paramount object is to save the Union, and not either to save
or destroy slavery." " If I could save the Union without freeing any
slave, I would do it — if I could do it by freeing all the slaves, I would
do it — and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone,
I would also do that." " What I do about slavery and the colored
race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union, and what I for-
bear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the
Union."

From the hour of that touching farewell speech to his neighbors
in the Springfield depot, down to the fatal night in Ford's Theatre, his
life was consecrated to the restoration of a dissevered country.

Walking in the busy streets of the city of Atlanta, not long since,
I came upon a fine statue of Henry W. Grady. Beneath the bronze
figure of the young orator, whose early death has been so widely
regretted, was the legend: "He died while literally loving a nation
into peace."

Even more suggestive than his cheering words was the act of the
Southern masses, which placed this monument in their busiest
thoroughfare, a witness of their satisfaction at the sentiments which

278

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

had distinguished him. No traveler in the South can doubt that there
is a " New South." The industries are growing and the schools are
multiplying. There is a healthier sentiment upon sociological and
economic questions, because the slave system is no longer there to
throttle it. * * * The South has a new feeling towards the
North. As we understand each other better, we love each other more.
The roads are being broken out. Beaten paths are being made.
Commercial intercourse has commenced and fraternal regard is grow-
ing. The Ohio river no longer separates two opposing peoples, who
merely sustain diplomatic relations with each other; there is a chemical
affinity in progress; we are amalgamating. The bitterness of a century
of controversy is well-nigh gone. The wounds torn by the rough
hoof of war have almost healed. The soldiers of the two armies, and
the young men and women of the new generation, who " look forward
and not back," have attained this magnificent result. The Union is
stronger, safer, because it stood the shock of battle. The people are
more homogeneous because more free. A hundred millions of united,
industrious, frugal, educated Christian people, under a free flag, stand
in a place so high among the nations that they can command anything
that is right by the force and dignity of their position, and without
resort to war. And the work of Abraham Lincoln is accomplished. —
President Andrezv S. Draper, University of Illinois, Lincoln's Birthday,
1896.

While we say that Mr. Lincoln was an uneducated man, unedu-
cated in the sense that we recognize in any college town, he yet had a
singularly perfect education in regard to everything that concerns the
practical affairs of life. His judgment was excellent, and his informa-
tion was always accurate. He knew what the thing was. He was a
man of genius, and, contrasted with men of education, genius will
always carry the day. I remember very well going into Mr. Stanton's
room in the War Department on the day of the Gettysburg celebration,
and he said: " Have you seen these Gettysburg speeches?" " No,"
said I, "I didn't know you had them." He said: 'Yes; and the
people will be delighted with them. Edward Everett has made a
speech that will make three columns in the newspapers, and Mr. Lincoln

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 2?g

has made a speech of perhaps forty or fifty lines. Everett's is the
speech of a scholar, polished to the last possibility. It is eloquent and
it is learned; but Lincoln's speech will be read by a thousand men
where one reads Everett's, and will be remembered as long as any-
body's speeches are remembered who speaks in the English language."
That was the truth. If you will take those two speeches now,
you will get an idea how superior genius is to education; how superior
that intellectual faculty is which sees the vitality of a question and
knows how to state it; how superior that intellectual faculty is which
regards everything with the fire of earnestness in the soul, with the

relentless purpose of a heart devoted to objects beyond literature.

Charles A. Dana, Lecture on " Lincoln and His Cabinet."

Another interesting fact about Abraham Lincoln was that he
developed into a great military man, that is to say, a man of supreme
military judgment. I do not risk anything in saying that if you will
study the records of the war and study the writings relating to it, you
will agree with me that the greatest general we had, greater than
Grant or Thomas, was Abraham Lincoln. It was not so at the begin-
ning; but after three or four years of constant practice in the science
and art of war, he arrived at this extraordinary knowledge of it, so
that Von Moltke was not a better general or an abler planner or
expounder of a campaign than President Lincoln was. He was, to
sum it up, a born leader of men. He knew human nature; he knew
what chord to strike, and he was never afraid to strike it when he
believed that the time had arrived. — Cliarlcs A. Dana, Lecture on
" Lincoln and His Cabinet."

Another remarkable peculiarity of Mr. Lincoln's was that he
seemed to have no illusions. He had no freakish notions that things
were so or might be so, when they were not so. All his thinking and
all his reasoning, all his mind, in short, was based continually on actual
facts, and upon facts of which, as I said, he saw the essence. I never
heard him say anything that was not so. I never heard him foretell
things. He told what they were. But I never heard him intimate
that such and such consequences were likely to happen, without the

ogo MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

consequences following. I should say, perhaps, that his greatest qual-
ity was wisdom. And that is something superior to talent, superior
to education. I do not think it can be acquired. He had it. He was
wise; he was not mistaken; he saw things as they were. All the
advice that he gave was wise; it was judicious; and it was always timely.
This wisdom, it is scarcely necessary to add, had its animating phil-
osophy in his own famous words: "With charity toward all; with
malice toward none/' — Charles A. Dana, Lecture on "Lincoln and
His Cabinet."

Not long since, as I sat in a crowded courtroom, there came to
the witness stand a venerable, white-haired negro. Born a slave, he
had stood upon the auction block and been sold to the highest bidder.
Now, he came into a court of Justice to settle, by the testimony of his
black lips, a controversy between white men. When asked his age, he
drew himself proudly up, and said: " For fifty years I was a chattel.
On the first day of January, 1863, Uncle Abe Lincoln made me a man."

The act which set that old man free was the crowning glory of
Lincoln's life, for by it he not only saved his country, but emancipated
a race. We of the Anglo-Saxon tongue are justly proud of the Magna
Charta. We are justly proud of the Declaration of Independence, of
the right of government by the people. True it is that the genesis of
American Liberty was in the Declaration of Independence, but the
gospel of its new testament was written by Abraham Lincoln in the
Emancipation Proclamation. — John M. Thurston, New York, Lincoln's
Birthday, 1895.

Mr. Lincoln had many amiable and lovable personal qualities,
but the great thing was the fact that he succeeded; that the Civil War
was ended under his rule. He succeeded, with the forces of the anti-
slavery states, in putting down a rebellion in which twelve millions of
people were concerned, determined people, educated people, fighting
for their ideas and their property, fighting to the last, fighting to the
death. I don't think there is anything else in history to compare with
that achievement. How did he do it?

In the first place, he never was in haste. As I said, he never took
a step too soon, and also he never took a step too late. When the

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 28l

whole northern country seemed to be clamoring for him to issue a
proclamation abolishing slavery, he didn't do it. Deputation after
deputation went to Washington. I remember once, a hundred gentle-
men came, dressed in black coats, mostly clergymen, from Massachu-
setts. They appealed to him to proclaim the abolition of slavery. But
he didn't do it. He allowed Mr. Cameron and General Butler to
execute their great idea of treating slaves as contraband of war, and of
protecting those who had got into our lines against being recaptured
by their Southern owners. But he would not prematurely make the
proclamation that was so much desired. Finally the time came; and
of that he was the judge. Nobody else decided it; nobody commanded
it; the proclamation was issued as he thought best; and it was effi-
cacious. The people of the North, who during the long contest over
slavery had always stood strenuously by the compromises of the Con-
stitution, might themselves have become half rebels if this proclama-
tion had been issued too soon. They at last were tired of waiting,
tired of endeavoring to preserve even a show of regard for what were
called the compromises of the Constitution, when they believed that
the Constitution itself was in danger. Thus public opinion was ripe
when the proclamation came, and that was the beginning of the end.
This unerring judgment, this patience which waited and which knew
when the right time had arrived — those were intellectual qualities,
which I do not find exercised upon any such scale by any other man in
history, and with such unerring precision. This proves Abraham Lin-
coln to have been intellectually one of the greatest of rulers. — Charles
A. Dana, Lecture on " Lincoln and His Cabinet."

Abraham Lincoln was the grandest figure of the nineteenth cen-
tury. With a giant intellect, a boundless love of his kind, and an
irrevocable determination that right should triumph, he stood before
the people of the world, and so conducted himself that all criticism was
disarmed, and all oppressors put to shame. Sensitive as a child, firm
as a rock, he lifted up the lowly, restrained the arrogant, and, with a
foresight that was almost inspiration, made possible and certain the
union of the states. He was neither appalled by disaster nor elated by

2g2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

the grandest successes. Devoid of self-esteem, unconscious of his
mighty ability, he aimed at and attained results because he believed
eternal justice demanded them. With the growth of centuries, the
name of Abraham Lincoln will be more highly honored, and the value
of his work more fully appreciated. — George W. Ray.

Abraham Lincoln cannot be compared with any man. He stands
alone. More and more, as time goes on, does his work impress itself
upon the world. His genius was fitted exactly to the circumstances
under which he lived and labored. He is the conspicuous example of
the truth that an all-wise Providence provides the man for the emer-
gency. And then what an inspiration he has become to every ambi-
tious, struggling young American! By his sterling integrity to
thought and conviction, by untiring industry, and by his large common
sense, he rose from obscurity to the first place in the nation, and has
become the priceless heritage of every American. — James S. Sherman.

The chief characteristics of Lincoln were his integrity and com-
mon sense. Many of his contemporaries excelled him in eloquence, in
learning, and in culture, but in the quality that is stronger and higher
than either, the quality that inspires confidence and courage in times
of crisis, he surpassed them all. He was fortunate in his career while
living, and fortunate in his sad and tragic death. Hardly in the his-
tory of the human race has a ruler died whose loss seemed to the people
so near a personal grief, and the power of his name increases steadily.
He was neither orator, soldier nor scholar, but a leader, trusted and
loved as few had ever been. In the historic struggle in which his is the
great name, his countrymen felt that other leaders might be right, but
he was sure to be right. — Frank S. Black.

The glory of Abraham Lincoln is a masterful mind forever loyal
to the majesty and power of a great thought. That great thought was
the supremacy of the Constitution of the United States, loyalty to
which is the first and last duty of an American citizen, higher than all
personal considerations, and superior to all sectional interests. Like a
heavenly enchantment it allured him to duty, and like a perennial

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 283

inspiration it was his courage in danger, fortitude in adversity, and
faith in the certainty of the future.

From earliest manhood, he had been the patient student of this
great instrument of our political economy (the Constitution), and to
maintain the supreme authority thereof over every citizen and over every
inch of our national domain was the larger purpose of all his state
papers, of every act of his administration, and of the war measures he
approved. Himself the gentlest of souls and the sincerest of men, he
loved peace but he loved the Union more, and called upon his country-
men to die with him for the right. He hated slavery, but he hated
rebellion more, and he would suppress rebellion with slavery or without
slavery; and, when the time came to suppress the one by the destruction
of the other, the sword of Grant and the pen of Lincoln were the chosen
instruments of Providence to scatter the rebels and emancipate the
slaves. — John P. Newman.

It is not difficult to place a correct estimate upon the character of
Lincoln. He was the greatest man of his time, especially approved of
God for the work He gave him to do. History abundantly approves
his superiority as a leader, and establishes his constant reliance upon
a higher power for guidance and support. The tendency of this age
is to exaggeration, but of Lincoln, certainly none have spoken more
highly than those who knew him best.

A distinguished orator of to-day has said: "Lincoln surpassed
all orators in eloquence; all diplomatists in wisdom; all statesmen in
foresight; and the most ambitious in fame."

This is in accord with the estimate of Stanton, who pronounced
him " the most perfect ruler of men the world had ever seen."

Seward, too, declared Lincoln " a man of destiny, with character
made and moulded by Divine power to save a nation from perdition."

Ralph Waldo Emerson characterized him as "the true represen-
tative of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country;
the pulse of twenty millions throbbing in his heart, the thought of their
minds articulated by his tongue."

284

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Bancroft wisely observed: " Lincoln thought always of mankind
as well as of his own country, and served human nature itself; he
finished a work which all time cannot overthrow."

Sumner said that in Lincoln " the West spoke to the East, plead-
ing for human rights as declared by our fathers."

Horace Greeley, in speaking of the events which led up to and
embraced the Rebellion, declared: " Other men were helpful and nobly
did their part; yet, looking back through the lifting mists of those
seven eventful, tragic, trying, glorious years, I clearly discern the one
providential leader, the indispensable hero of the great drama, Abraham
Lincoln."

James Russell Lowell was quick to perceive and proclaim Lincoln's
greatness. In December, 1863, in a review of the " President's Policy,"
in the Atlantic Monthly, he said: " Perhaps none of our presidents
since Washington has stood so firm in the confidence of the people as
Lincoln, after three years' stormy administration. * * * A pro-
found common sense is the best genius for statesmanship. Hitherto
the wisdom of the President's measures have been justified by the fact
that they have always resulted in more firmly uniting public opinion."
— William McKinlcy, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895.

What were the traits of character that made him leader and master,
without a rival in the greatest crisis in our history? What gave him
such mighty power? Lincoln had sublime faith in the people. He
walked with and among them. He recognized the importance and
power of an enlightened public sentiment and was guided by it. Even
amid the vicissitudes of war, he concealed little from public inspection.
In all that he did, he invited rather than evaded public examination and
criticism. He submitted his plans and purposes, as far as practicable,
to public consideration with perfect frankness and sincerity. There
was such homely simplicity in his character, that it could not be hedged
in by the pomp of place, nor the ceremonials of high official station.
He was so accessible to the public that he seemed to take the whole
people into his confidence. Here, perhaps, was one secret of his power.
Bancroft, the historian, alluding to this characteristic, which was never
so conspicuously manifested as during the darkest hours of the war,

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 285

beautifully illustrated it in these memorable words: " As a child in a
dark night, on a rugged way, catches hold of the hand of its father for
guidance and support, Lincoln clung fast to the hand of the people, and
moved calmly through the gloom." — William McKinley, at Albany,
N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895.

Lincoln was an orator. We hear in these days that the power of
the orator has passed; that the spoken word will soon be a thing of
the past. The people can read all that the orator can tell them, and
that soon the orator will be among the things that are the history of a
country. Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States,
not because he served in the legislature — he was a nobody there; not
because he served in Congress — for he was unknown there; not be-
cause he was a lawyer, for he had only a state reputation. He became
President because of the stump and the platform. He never left them
without leaving the impression that a great soul, a great mind, had
made itself known, and that a man who ought to be a leader of the
people had spoken to them — a man who it was intended should carry
the torch. — Chauncey M. Depezv, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday,
1893.

During the whole of the struggle, he was a tower of strength to
the Union. Whether in defeat or victory, he kept right on, dismayed
at nothing, and never to be diverted from the pathway of duty. Al-
ways cool and determined, all learned to gain renewed courage, calm-
ness, and wisdom from him, and to lean upon his strong arm for sup-
port. The proud designation of " Father of his Country " was not
more appropriately bestowed upon Washington than the affectionate
title, " Father Abraham," was given to Lincoln by the soldiers and
loyal people of the North.

The crowning glory of Lincoln's administration, and the greatest
executive act in American history, was his immortal Proclamation of
Emancipation. Perhaps more clearly than any one else, Lincoln had
realized, years before he was called to the Presidency, that the country
could not continue half slave and half free. He declared it before
Seward declared the " Irrepressible conflict." The contest between

2g(5 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

freedom and slavery was inevitable; it was written in the stars. The
nation must either be all slave or all free. Lincoln, with almost super-
natural prescience, foresaw it. His prophetic vision is manifested
through all his utterances, notably in the great debate between him-
self and Douglass. To him was given the duty and responsibility of
making that great classic of liberty, the Declaration of Independence, no
longer an empty promise, but a glorious fulfillment. — William McKin-
Icy, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895.

A man of great ability, pure patriotism, unselfish nature, full of
forgiveness to his enemies, bearing malice toward none, he proved to
be the man above all others for the struggle through which the nation
had to pass to place itself among the greatest in the family of nations.
His fame will grow brighter as time passes and his great work is better
understood. — U. S. Grant.

Lincoln was a man of moderation. He was neither an autocrat
nor a tyrant. If he moved slowly sometimes, it was because it was
better to move slowly, and he was only waiting for his reserves to come
up. Possessing almost unlimited power, he yet carried himself like one
of the humblest of men. He weighed every subject. He considered
and reflected upon every phase of public duty. He got the average
judgment of the plain people. He had a high sense of justice, a clear
understanding of the rights of others, and never heedlessly inflicted
an injury upon any man. He always taught and enforced the doctrine
of mercy and charity on every occasion. Even in the excess of rejoic-
ing, he said to a party who came to serenade him a few nights after the
Presidential election in November, 1864: " Now that the election is
over, may not all having a common interest re-unite in common effort
to save our country? So long as I have been here, I have not willingly
planted a thorn in any man's bosom. While I am deeply sensible to the
high compliment of a re-election, and duly grateful, as I trust, to
Almighty God, for having directed my countrymen to a right con-
clusion, as I think, for their own good, it adds nothing to my satisfac-
tion that any other man may be disappointed or pained by the result."
— William McKinlcy, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895.

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 287

The South was shocked inexpressibly by the foul assassination of
Mr. Lincoln. The world has never held the South responsible for the
act of the madman. Yet, horrified as they were, and stirred as were
their generous sympathies at the cruel fate of their greatest antagonist,
the Southern people knew not how much of hope for them, how much
of love, how much of helpfulness in their hour of sorest need, lay buried
in the coffin of Abraham Lincoln. As he had been the mainstay of the
Union, he could have gone further than any other man in the North
would have dared to do in the way of kindness and forgiveness to his
foes. As he was truly great, he knew the constraining power of such
magnanimity. As he was truly good, its exercise would have been to
him the sweetest guerdon of his great endeavors and triumph. Yet
fate decreed otherwise. The curse of his assassination was added to the
calamity of defeat in the full cup of bitterness which was commended
to the lips of the South during the long and humiliating years of recon-
struction. Year by year she is learning to know Lincoln as he was,
and not as she has pictured him. She is learning to realize that his
devotion to the Union and his advocacy of emancipation were as natural
to him as the contrary views entertained by her own people. She is
learning, above all, to realize that, strong and true to his convictions
as he was, he was struck down at the very hour when he would have
proved himself her friend, and that, whether viewed as a friend or as a
foe, candor must class him among the wisest, truest, simplest and
greatest men that America ever produced. — Ex-Governor George D.
Wise, of Virginia.

Lincoln was an immense personality — firm but not obstinate.
Obstinacy is egotism — firmness, heroism. He influenced others with-
out effort — unconsciously; and they submitted to him as men submit to
nature — unconsciously. He was severe with himself, and for that
reason lenient with others.

He appeared to apologize for being kinder than his fellows.

He did merciful things as stealthily as others committed crimes.

Almost ashamed of tenderness, he said and did the noblest words
and deeds with that charming confusion, that awkwardness, that is the
perfect grace of modesty.

288

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

He wore no official robes either on his body or his soul. He never
pretended to be more or less, or other, or different, from what he really

was.

He was neither tyrant nor slave. He neither knelt nor scorned.
With him men were neither great nor small — they were right or

wrong.

Through manners, clothes, titles, rags and race he saw the real —
that which is. Beyond accident, policy, compromise and war he saw
the end.

He was patient as Destiny, whose undecipherable hieroglyphs were
so deeply graven on his sad and tragic face. — Robert G. Ingersoll, at
Dinner on Lincoln's Birthday.

It is the glory of Lincoln that, having almost absolute power, he
never abused it, except on the side of mercy.

Wealth could not purchase, power could not awe, this divine, this
loving man.

He knew no fear except the fear of doing wrong. Hating slavery,
pitying the master — seeking to conquer, not persons, but prejudices —
he was the embodiment of self-denial, the courage, the hope, and the
nobility of a Nation.

He spoke not to inflame, not to upbraid, but to convince.

He raised his hands, not to strike, but in benediction.

He loved to see the pearls of joy on the cheeks of a wife whose
husband he had rescued from death.

Lincoln was the grandest figure of the fiercest Civil War. He is
the gentlest memory of our world.— Robert G. Ingersoll, at Dinner on
Lincoln's Birthday.

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THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 2QI

o captain! my captain!

*******

O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won;
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes, the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But, O heart! heart! heart!

O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies
Falien, cold and dead.

O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up — for you the flag is flung — for you the bugle trills —
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths — for you the shores a-crowding;
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here, Captain! dear father!

This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that, on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead!

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship comes in, with object won;
Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells!

But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies
Fallen, cold, and dead.

— Walt Whitman.

This man whose homely face you look upon,

Was one of Nature's masterful, great men;
Born with strong arms that unfought victories won,

Direct of speech and cunning with the pen,
Chosen for large designs, he had the art

Of winning with his humor, and he went
Straight to his mark, which was the human heart;

Wise, too, for what he could not break, he bent.
Upon his back, a more than Atlas' load,

The burden of the Commonwealth was laid:
He stooped, and rose up with it, though the road

Shot suddenly downwards, not a whit dismayed.
Hold, warriors, councilors, kings! All now give place

To this dead Benefactor of the Race!

— Richard Henry Stoddard.

292

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Here- was a type of the true elder race,

One of Plutarch's men talked with us face to face;

I praise him not; it were too late;

And some innative weakness there must be

In him who condescends to victory

Such as the present gives, and cannot wait,

Safe in himself as in a fate.

So always, firmly, he;

He knew to bide his time,
And can his fame abide,

Still patient in his simple faith sublime,
Till the wise years decide.

Great captains, with their guns and drums,
Disturb our judgment for the hour,
But at last silence comes.

These are all gone, and, standing like a tower,

Our children shall behold his fame,
The kindly, earnest, brave, foreseeing man,

Sagacious, patient, dreading praise, not blame,
New birth of our new soil, the first American.

— James Russell Lowell.

He was the North, the South, the East, the West,

The thrall, the master, all of us in one;
There was no section that he held the best;

His love shone as impartial as the sun;
And so, Revenge appealed to him in vain,

He smiled at it, as at a thing forlorn,
And gently put it from him, rose and stood
A moment's space in pain,

Remembering the prairies and the corn
And the glad voices of the field and wood.

And then when Peace set wing upon the wind
And, northward flying, fanned the clouds away,

He passed as martyrs pass. Ah, who shall find
The chord to sound the pathos of that day!

Mid-April blowing sweet across the land,
New bloom of freedom opening to the world,

Loud paeans of the homeward-looking host,
The salutations grand
From grimy guns, the tattered flags unfurled;

But he must sleep, to all the glory lost!

— Maurice Thompson.

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 293

All days which are notable should be remembered. The world
does well to mark its sense of the importance of such days, for one
of the most fatal diseases of the mind is indifference., and hence every-
thing which tends to rouse men out of their indifference is beneficial.
The life of Lincoln should never be passed by in silence by young or
old. He touched the log cabin and it became the palace in which great-
ness was nurtured. He touched the forest and it became to him a
church in which the purest and noblest worship of God was observed.
His occupation has become associated in our minds with the integrity
of the life he lived. In Lincoln there was always some quality that
fastened him to the people, and taught them to keep time to the
music of his heart. Instances are given of his honesty, but there are
tens of thousands of men as honest as he. The difference is that they
are not able to concentrate the ideal of honor as he did. He reveals
to us the beauty of plain backwoods honesty. He grew up away from
the ethics of the colleges, but he acquired a sense of honesty as high
and noble as the most refined of the teachers of ethics could compre-
hend.— David Swing.

Of Mr. Lincoln's general character I need not speak. He was
warm-hearted; he was generous; he was magnanimous; he was most
truly, as he afterwards said on a memorable occasion, " with malice
toward none, with charity for all." He had a native genius far above
his fellows. Every fountain of his heart was overflowing with the
" milk of human kindness." From my attachment to him, so much
deeper was the pang in my own breast, as well as of millions, at the
horrible manner of his " taking off." This was the climax of our
troubles, and the spring from which came unnumbered woes. But of
those events, no more, now. Let not history confuse events. Emanci-
pation was not the chief object of Mr. Lincoln in issuing the Proclama-
tion. His chief object, the ideal to which his whole soul was devoted,
was the preservation of the Union. Pregnant as it was with coming
events, initiative as it was of ultimate emancipation, it still originated,
in point of fact, more from what was deemed the necessities of war, than
from any purely humanitarian view of the matter. Life is all a mist,
and in the dark our fortunes meet us! This was evidently the case

2o4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

with Mr. Lincoln. He, in my opinion, was, like all the rest of us. an
instrument in the hands of that Providence above us, that " Divinity
which shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will." — Alexander
Hamilton Stephens, of Georgia.

The month of February contains two great days, — days that com-
memorate the two most thrilling and imperial figures in our American
history. There could not possibly be two more opposite and dissimilar
types; the one with all the advantages of high station, culture and fine
breeding, refinement and gracious surroundings; unspoiled, as gracious
as the humblest among us all.

And, then, that other; that singular and incomparable character,
of whom, when anybody tells something more about his young life, you
get a sense of how fine and high, amid all his poverty and hardship, it
was; how truly noble that other was — our own Lincoln.

What was it that made these two men great; one with inheritances
to make greatness of an external kind; the other with only the simple
ruggedness of a great character? What but this: That each one held
himself, first of all, as a servant of the Power above him, and, sitting in
the high chair of state, sat there remembering always that he was a
servant of the people, and only that because he was the servant of
God. — Right Rev. Henry C. Potter.

An anecdote, showing Lincoln's merciful nature in a touching
light, and related by Mr. L. E. Chittenden in his " Recollections of
President Lincoln and His Administration/' from authentic sources, is
the one of the sleeping sentinel, William Scott, the Vermont boy, whose
life Lincoln saved after he had been condemned to be shot. Lincoln
personally saw Scott and talked with him a long time. Scott would
not talk to his comrades of the interview afterward until one night,
when he had received a letter from home, he finally opened his heart to
a friend in this wise:

" The President was the kindest man I had ever seen. I was scared
at first, for I had never before talked with a great man. But Mr. Lin-
coln was so easy with me, so gentle, that I soon forgot my fright.
* * * He stood up, and he says to me, ' My boy, stand up here and

THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 2<)$

look me in the face.' I did as he bade me. ' My boy,' he said, ' you
are not going to be shot to-morrow. I am going to trust you and send
you back to your regiment. I have come up here from Washington,
where I have a great deal to do, and what I want to know is how you
are going to pay my bill.' There was a big lump in my throat. I could
scarcely speak. But I got it crowded down and managed to say: ' There
is some way to pay you, and I will find it after a little. There is the
bounty in the savings bank. I guess we could borrow some money on
a mortgage on the farm.' I was sure the boys would help, so I thought
we could raise it, if it wasn't more than $500 or $600. ' But it is a
great deal more than $500 or $600,' he said. Then I said I didn't see
how, but I was sure I would find some way — if I lived. Then Mr.
Lincoln put his hands on my shoulders and looked into my face as if he
were sorry, and said : ' My boy, my bill is a very large one. Your
friends cannot pay it, nor your bounty, nor your farm, nor all your
comrades. There is only one man in all the world who can pay it, and
his name is William Scott. If from this day William Scott does his
duty, so that if I was there when he comes to die he can look me in the
face as he does now, and can say: " I have kept my promise and I have
done my duty as a soldier! " then my debt will be paid. Will you make
that promise and try to keep it? ' I said I would make the promise
and with God's help I would keep it. He went away out of my sight
forever. I know I shall never see him again, but may God forget me if
I ever forget his kind words or my promise." — JVashington Star.

Years pass away, but Freedom does not pass;

Thrones crumble, but man's birthright crumbles not;
And, like the wind across the prairie grass

A whole world's aspirations fan this spot
With ceaseless pantings after liberty,

One breath of which would make even Russia fair,

And blow sweet summer through the exile's care
And set the exile free;

For which I pray, here, in the open air
Of Freedom's morning-tide, by Lincoln's grave.

— Maurice Thompson.

296

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

We all recognize two characters in the annals of American his-
tory that will ever be inseparably associated with the great War of the
Rebellion, with the heroic age of the country — Abraham Lincoln and
Ulysses S. Grant. One the Commander-in-Chief, the other the Gen-
eral-in-Chief of that immortal Union Army, baptized in blood, con-
secrated in tears, hallowed in prayers, an army whose memory will
remain green in the hearts of a grateful people as long as manly courage
is talked of or heroic deeds are honored. Both possessed in a remark-
able degree that most uncommon of all virtues, common sense. With
them there was no posing for effect; no indulgence in mock heroics; no
mawkish sentimentality — possessions of the heart of the demagogue.
Each was possessed of as brilliant an intellect as ever wore the mantle
of mortality. The mind of each was one great storehouse of useful
information. Neither laid any claim to knowledge he did not possess.
Each seemed to feel that vaunted learning is, like hypocrisy, a form of
knowledge without the power of it. Even where their characteristics
were unlike, they only served to supplement each other, but added to
that united power wielded for the welfare and safety of a republic.
Both entered public life from the same great state; both were elected
for a second time to the highest office in the gift of the people. One
fell a victim to an assassin's bullet, the other to the most dreaded form
of fell disease, so that both may be crowned with the sublimity of mar-
tyrdom.— General Horace Porter, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday,
1895.

LINCOLN.

His towering figure, sharp and spare,

Was with such nervous tension strung,

As if on each strained sinew swung
The burden of a people's care.

His changing face what pen can draw?

Pathetic, kindly, droll, or stern;

And with a glance so quick to learn
The inmost truth of all he saw.

— Charles G. H alpine.

L,AUS DEO!

John Greenleaf Whittier.

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Arranged from Jonathan Battishill.

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By special arrangement with Houghton, Mifflin & Co.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
FLAG-DAY

MAKES SACRED

JUNE 14TH.

Quotations Song, The American Flag.

Selections Song, Our Flag.

Selections Song, Flag of the Free.

Selections Song, America.

(299)

FLAG-DAY.

£HIS clay, June fourteenth, — more cheerful always in its
associations than Memorial Day, even as the weather is
fairer in mid-June than at the last of May, — more wide-
spread in its significance than "the glorious Fourth," or
the birthday of Washington or Lincoln, since the flag
is the symbol of every great deed or event of patriotism, and not of
any one man or fact alone, — is not yet generally observed as a national
holiday. But the signs are many that the time will come when the
jubilee of the flag will be kept with a display of waving colors — the
blending of the matchless Red, White and Blue — such as will gladden
the eyes of every American, young and old, and fan to a brighter flame
the fire of patriotism in every heart. In this deepening and extending
honor to the flag it is natural and possible for children to take the
lead. And wherever and whenever they lead the way, the rest of us
will fall into line. When the G. A. R. held its annual reunion in Buf-
falo a few years ago, there was no sight " half so fine," so " never-to-
be-forgotten " as the " Living Shield " of red, white and blue, composed
of school children, several thousand in number, suitably arranged.
When Syracuse kept the semi-centennial of its life as a city there was
nothing that so drew and held the gaze of the thronging crowds as the
sight of four hundred high-school girls arranged in the semblance and
colors of a "Living Fla g " — the boys meanwhile making the streets
alive with color, as they marched in procession with waving banners.
But of course it is not always possible, never necessary, to use such
elaborate means in celebrating. At slight expense, let each boy and
girl in a school be provided with a flag, and there is nothing rhythmic
in speech or song for which they cannot easily supply an accompani-
ment of waving flags; no march whose movement they cannot " time "
with moving banners. And out of each Flag-day exercise, whether
annual or oftener, there should come a better appreciation of the worth
of the flag and the meaning of true patriotism. Moreover, the exercises
may be greatly varied by the use of any number among the forty pro-
grams which this book contains -for all the forty subjects, like a

chorus of voices, " Rally 'Round the Flag."

(301)

302

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

QUOTATIONS.

Our glory's path by stars it shows,
And crimson stripes for Freedom's foes.

— Henry P. Beck.

God bless each precious fold,
Made sacred by the patriot hands that now are still and cold.

— Jennie Gould.

Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy Country's,
Thy God's and Truth's.

— William Shakespeare.

One flag, one land, one heart, one hand,
One nation, evermore.

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

Bear that banner proudly up, young warriors of the land,

With hearts of love, and arms of faith and more than iron hand.

— Thomas Williams.

Waves from sea to mountain crag,
Freedom's starry Union flag.

— Frederic Dennison

Let it float undimmed above,

Till over all our vales shall bloom
The sacred colors that we love.

— Phoebe Cary.

THE AMERICAN FLAG.

Joseph Rodman Drake.
In Unison or in Parts
Maestoso.

John W. Tufts.
dim.

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When Freedom from her mountain height Unfurled her standard to the air, Shetore the az - ure

Flag of the free heart's hope and home.By an - gelhandsto val - or given,Thy stars have lit the

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By permission Silver, Burdett & Co.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. <>0c

SELECTIONS.

It was no holiday flag, emblazoned for gayety, or for vanity. It
was a solemn national signal. When that banner first unrolled to the
sun, it was the symbol of all those holy truths and purposes which
brought together the Colonial American Congress! Our flag means,
then, all that our fathers meant in the Revolutionary War; it means
all that the Declaration of Independence meant; it means all that the
Constitution of our people, organizing for justice, for liberty, and for
happiness, meant. Our flag carries American ideas, American history,
and American feelings. Beginning with the colonies, and coming down
to our time, in its sacred heraldry, in its glorious insignia, it has gath-
ered and stored chiefly this supreme idea — divine right of liberty in
man. Every color means liberty; every thread means liberty; every
form of star and beam or stripe of light means liberty; not lawlessness,
not license; but organized institutional liberty, — liberty through law,
and laws for liberty. — Henry Ward Bcccher.

Behold it! Listen to it! Every star has a tongue; every stripe is
articulate. " There is no language or speech where their voices are
not heard." There is magic in the web of it. It has an answer for
every question of duty. It has a solution for every doubt and per-
plexity. It has a word of good cheer for every hour of gloom or of
despondency. Behold it! Listen to it! It speaks of earlier and of later
struggles. It speaks of victories, and sometimes of reverses, on the sea
and on the land. It speaks of patriots and heroes among the living and
the dead. But before all and above all other associations and memories,
whether of glorious men, or glorious deeds, or glorious places, its
voice is ever of Union and Liberty, of the Constitution and the Laws. —
Robert C. Winthrop.

All hail to our glorious ensign ! Courage to the heart, and strength
to the hand to which, in all time, it shall be entrusted! May it ever wave
in honor, in unsullied glory, and patriotic hope, on the dome of the
capitol, on the dome of the country's stronghold, on the tented plain,

306

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

on the wave-rocked topmast. Wherever, on the earth's surface, the
eye of the American shall behold it, may he have reason to bless it! On
whatsoever spot it is planted, there may freedom have a foothold,
humanity a brave champion, and religion an altar. Though stained
with blood in a righteous cause, may it never, in any cause, be stained
with shame. Alike, when its gorgeous folds shall wanton in lazy holiday
triumphs on the summer breeze, and its tattered fragments be dimly
seen through the clouds of war, may it be the joy and the pride of the
American heart. First raised in the cause of right and liberty, in that
cause alone, may it forever spread its streaming blazonry to the battle
and the storm. Having been borne victoriously across the continent,
and on every sea, may virtue, and freedom, and peace forever follow
where it leads the way. — Edward Everett.

For myself, in our Federal relations, I know but one section, one
union, one flag, one government. That section embraces every state;
that union is the union sealed with blood and consecrated by the tears
of the Revolutionary struggle; that flag is the flag known and honored
on every sea under heaven; which has borne off glorious victory from
many a bloody battlefield, and yet stirs with warmer and quicker pulsa-
tions the heart's blood of every true American when he looks upon
the stars and stripes. I will sustain that flag wherever it waves — over
the sea or over the land. And when it shall be despoiled and dis-
figured, I will rally around it still, as the star-spangled banner of my
fathers and my country ; and, so long as a single stripe can be discovered,
or a single star shall glimmer from the surrounding darkness, I will
cheer it as the emblem of a nation's glory and a nation's hope. — Daniel
S. Dickinson.

There is the national flag! He must be cold, indeed, who can
look upon its folds, rippling in the breeze, without pride of country.
If he be in a foreign land, the flag is companionship, and country itself,
with all its endearments. Who, as he sees it, can think of a state
merely? Whose eye, once fastened on its radiant trophies, can fail to
recognize the image of the whole nation? It has been called a " float-
ing piece of poetry; " and yet I know not if it has any intrinsic beauty

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 307

beyond other ensigns. Its highest beauty is in what it symbolizes. It
is because it represents all, that all gaze at it with delight and reverence.
It is a piece of bunting lifted in the air; but it speaks sublimely, and
every part has a voice. Its stripes, of alternate red and white, pro-
claim the original union of thirteen States to maintain the Declaration
of Independence. Its stars, white on a field of blue, proclaim that
union of States, constituting our national constellation, which receives
a new star with every new State. The two, together, signify union,
past and present. The very colors have a language, which was officially
recognized by our fathers. White is for purity, red for valor, blue
for justice; and all together, — bunting, stripes, stars, and colors blaz-
ing in the sky, — make the flag of our country, to be cherished by all
of our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands. — Charles Sumner.

I have recently returned from an extended tour of the States, and
nothing so impressed and so refreshed me as the universal display of
this banner of beauty and glory. It waved over the schoolhouses; it
was in the hands of the school children. As we speeded across the
sandy wastes, at some solitary place a man, a woman, a child would
come to the door and wave it in loyal greeting. Two years ago, I
saw a sight that has ever been present in my memory. As we were
going out of the harbor of Newport, about midnight on a dark night,
some of the officers of the torpedo station had prepared for us a
beautiful surprise. The flag at the depot station was unseen in the
darkness of the night, when suddenly electric searchlights were turned
on it, bathing it in a flood of light. All below the flag was hidden,
and it seemed to have no touch with earth, but to hang from the
battlements of heaven. It was as if heaven was approving the human
liberty and human equality typified by that flag. — Benjamin Harrison.

It is on such an occasion as this that we can reason together —
reaffirm our devotion to the country and the principles of the Decla-
ration of Independence. Let us make up our mind that when we do
put a new star upon our banner it shall be a fixed one, never to be
dimmed by the horrors of war, but brightened by the contentment and
prosperity of peace. Let us go on to extend the area of our useful-

3o8

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ness, add star upon star, until their light shall shine upon five hundred
millions of a free and happy people.— Abraham Lincoln, on raising a
new flag over Independence Hall, Philadelphia, February 22, 1861.

THE STRIPES AND THE STARS.

O Star Spangled Banner! The flag of our pride!
Though trampled by traitors and basely defied,
Fling out to the glad winds your red, white and blue,
For the heart of the Northland is beating for you!
And her strong arm i« nerving to strike with a will,
Till the foe and his boastings are humbled and still!
Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars!

From prairie, O ploughman! speed boldly away,
There's seed to be sown in God's furrows to-day!
Row landward, lone fisher! stout woodman, come homel
Let smith leave his anvil, and weaver his loom,
And hamlet and city ring loud with the cry:
" For God and our country we'll fight till we die!
Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars! "

Invincible banner! the flag of the free,
Oh, where treads the foot that would falter for thee?
Or the hands to be folded till triumph is won
And the eagle looks proud, as of old, to the sun?
Give tears for the parting, a murmur of prayer,
Then forward! the fame of our standard to share!
With welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars!

O God of our fathers! this banner must shine
Where battle is hottest, in warfare divine!
The cannon has thundered, the bugle has blown,
We fear not the summons, we fight not alone!
O lead us, till wide from the gulf to the sea
The land shall be sacred to freedom and Thee!
With love for oppression; with blessing for scars,
One Country, one Banner, the Stripes and the Stars!

— Edna Dean Proctor.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 309

In the ceremonies at Philadelphia, I was, for the first time, allowed
the privilege of standing in old Independence Hall. * * * My
friends there had provided a magnificent flag of the country. They
had arranged it so that I was given the honor of raising it to the head
of its staff. And when it went up. I was pleased that it went up to
its place by the strength of my own feeble arm. When, according
to the arrangement, the cord was pulled, and it floated gloriously to
the wind without an accident, in the light, glowing sunshine of the
morning, I could not help hoping that there was in the entire success
of that beautiful ceremony at least something 01 an omen of what is
to come. How could I help feeling then, as I often have felt, in the
whole of that proceeding I was a very humble instrument?

I had not provided the flag; I had not made the arrangements for
elevating it to its place. I had applied but a very small portion of
my feeble strength in raising it. In the whole transaction, I was in
the hands of the people who had arranged it. And, if I can have the
same generous co-operation of the people of the nation, I think the
flag of our country may still be kept flaunting gloriously. — Abraham
Lincoln, Address to the Legislature, Harrisburg, February 22, 1861.

OUR COUNTRY AND FLAG.

Hail, brightest banner that floats on the gale!
Flag of the country of Washington, hail!
Red are thy stripes with the blood of the brave;
Bright are thy stars as the sun on the wave;
Wrapt in thy folds are the hopes of the free.
Banner of Washington! blessings on thee!

Traitors shall perish, and treason shall fail:
Kingdoms and thrones in thy glory grow pale!
Thou shalt live on, and thy people shall own
Loyalty's sweet, when each heart is thy throne:
Union and Freedom thine heritage be.
Country of Washington! blessings on thee!

— William E. Robinson.

3io

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

OUR FLAG IS THERE!

Our flag is there, our flag is there,

We'll hail it with three loud huzzas.
Our flag is there, our flag is there,

Behold the glorious Stripes and Stars.
Stout hearts have fought for that bright flag,

Strong hands sustained it mast-head high,
And, oh, to see how proud it waves,

Brings tears of joy in every eye.

That flag has stood the battle's roar,

With foemen stout, with foemen brave;
Strong hands have sought that flag to lower,

And found a speedy watery g^ave.
That flag is known on every shore,

The standard of a gallant band:
Alike unstained in peace or war,

It floats o'er Freedom's happy land.

— American Naval Officer, 1812.

OUR FLAG.

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THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 313

THE FLAG.

Let it idly droop, or sway

To the wind's light will:
Furl its stars, or float in day,

Flutter, or be still!
It his held its colors bright,

Through the war-smoke dun:
Spotless emblem of the right,

Whence success was won.

In the gathering hosts of hope,

In the march of man,
Open for it place and scope,

Bid it lead the van.
Till beneath the searching skies

Martyr-blood be found,
Purer than our sacrifice,

Crying from the ground.

Till :i flag with some new light

Oit of Freedom's sky,
Kindles through the gulfs of night

Holier blazonry.
Let it glow, the darkness drown!

Give our banner sway,
Till its joyful stars go down

In undreamed-of Day!

— Lucy Larcom.

COLUMBIA, THE GEM OF THE OCEAN.

O Columbia, the gem of the ocean,

The home of the brave and the free,
The shrine of each patriot's devotion,

A world offers homage to thee.
Thy mandates make heroes assemble,

When Liberty's form stands in view;
Thy barners make tyranny tremble,

When borne by the Red, White and Blue.

Chorus: When borne by the Red, White, and Blue,

When borne by the Red, White, and Blue,

Thy banners make tyranny tremble
When borne by the Red, White, and Blue.

3*4

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

When war winged its wide desolation,

And threatened the land to deform,
The ark then of Freedom's foundation,

Columbia, rode safe through the storm,
With the garlands of victory around her,

When so proudly she bore her brave crew,
With her flag proudly floating before her,

The boast of the Red, White, and Blue.

— David T. Shaw.

O'er the high and o'er the lowly
Floats that banner bright and holy,

In the rays of Freedom's sun,
In the nation's heart imbedded,
O'er our Union newly wedded,

One in all, and all in one.

Let that banner wave forever,
May its lustrous stars fade never,

Till the stars shall pale on high:
While there's right the wrong defeating,
While there's hope in true hearts beating,

Truth and freedom shall not die.

As it floated long before us,
Be it ever floating o'er us,

O'er our land from shore to shore:
There are freemen yet to wave it,
Millions who would die to save it,

Wave it, save it, evermore!

— Dexter Smith.

All nature sings wildly the song of the free,

The Red, White, and Blue float o'er land and o'er sea:

The White, in each billow that breaks on the shore,

The Blue, in the arching that canopies o'er

The land of our birth in its glory outspread,

And sunset dyes deepen and glow into red:

Day fades into night and the red stripe retires,

But stars o'er the blue light their sentinel fires;

And though night be gloomy, with clouds overspread,

Each star holds its place in the field overhead.

When scatter the clouds and the tempest is through,

We count every star in the field of the blue.

— Anonymous.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 315

It is the flag of history. Those thirteen stripes tell the story of
our colonial struggle, of the clays of '76. They speak of the savage
wilderness, of old Independence Hall, of Valley Forge, and Yorktown.
Those stars tell the story of our nation's growth, how it has come
from weakness to strength, until its gleam, in the sunrise over the
forests of Maine, crimsons the sunset's dying beams on the golden
sands of California. — 5. L. Watcrbury.

The stars of our morn on our banner borne,

With the iris of Heaven are blended,
The hands of our sires first mingled those fires,

By us they shall be defended!
Then hail the true, the Red, White, and Blue,

The flag of the " Constellation: "
It sails as it sailed, by our forefathers hailed,

O'er battles that made us a nation.

******
Peace, peace to the world, is our motto unfurled,

Tho' we shun not a field that is gory:
At home or abroad, fearing none but our God;

We will carve out our pathway to glory 1

— Thomas Buchanan Read.

In radiance heavenly fair,

Floats on the peaceful air
That flag that never stooped from victory's pride:

Those stars that softly gleam,

Those stripes that o'er us stream,
In war's grand agony were sanctified:

A holy standard, pure and free
To light the home of peace, or blaze in victory.

— F. Marion Crawford.

Washed in the blood of the brave and the blooming,

Snatched from the altars of insolent fees,
Burning with star fires, but never consuming,

Flash its broad ribbons of lily and rose.

*****

God bless the flag and its loyal defenders,

While its broad folds ever the battle-field wave,
Till the dim star-wreath rekindle its splendors,

Washed from its stains in the blood of the brave!

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

316

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

THE AMERICAN FLAG.
When Freedom, from her mountain height,

Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of Night,

And set the stars of glory there.
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes
The milky baldric of the skies,
And striped its pure, celestial white,
With streakings of the morning light:
Then, from his mansion in the sun,
She called her eagle bearer down,
And gave into his mighty hand
The symbol of her chosen land.

Flag of the free heart's hope and home!

By angel hands to valor given!
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome,

And all thy hues were born in Heaven.
Forever float that standard sheet!

Where breathes the foe but falls before us,
With Freedom's soU beneath our feet,

And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us?

— 7. Rodman Drake.

Thou lofty ensign of the free.

May every land thy glory know,
And every freeman cling to thee,

While breezes 'mid thy folds shall flow.
May hand, and heart, and hopes, and zeal,

Be ever by thy form inspired,
And, should it shake the commonweal,

May every soul by thee be fired,
Each patriot heart discern amid thy form,
A beacon star in the battle storm.

— I. C. Pray, Jr.

FLAG OF THE FREE.

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1^11

From Levermore's " Academy Song Book." Published by Ginn & Co. By permission.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 379

Every nation has its flag. Every ship in foreign waters is known
by the colors she shows at her peak. When we were colonies of Eng-
land, we sailed and fought under her flag. We finally rebelled ; it was
nothing less; and to England our George Washington was merely a
leading rebel. We were thirteen little States, fringed along on the
Atlantic coast, with the unbroken forest behind us, and among the
great family of nations we had neither place nor name. We had to
fight to obtain due respect from all the great old nations who were
looking on. Of course, we had no flag; we had to earn that too.
Our army at Cambridge celebrated New Year's Day, January i, 1776,
by unfurling for the first time in an American camp the flag of thirteen
stripes. On the 14th of June, 1776, Congress, which met then in
Philadelphia, settled upon our style of flag. " It shall have," said
they, "thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; and the union of the
States shall be indicated by thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, repre-
senting a new constellation." They followed up the adoption of a
flag by a Declaration of Independence; and then we went to fighting
harder than ever, and France acknowledged our independence, and
helped us to make England acknowledge it. Afterward it was decided
to add another star for every new State as it joined the Union. So
that the constellation, as it is now, with forty-five stars in it, has grown
a good deal from the original thirteen. But the stripes still remain
the same in number, to remind us of the first little band of States
" who fought it out " against Great Britain. — Kate Foote.

Stream, Old Glory, bear your stars

High among the seven;
Stream a watchfire on the dark,

And make a sign in Heaven!
Out upon the four winds blow,

Tell the world your story:
Thrice in heart's blood dipped before

They called your name Old Glory!

When from sky to sky you float,

Far in wide savannas,
Vast horizons lost in light

Answer with hosannas.

320

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM,

Symbol of unmeasured power,

Blessed promise sealing,
All your hills are hills of God,

And all your founts are healing.

Still to those, the wronged of earth,

Sanctuary render:
For hope, and home, and Heaven they see

Within your sacred splendor!
Stream, Old Glory, bear your stars

High among the seven:
Stream a watchfire on the dark,

And make a sign in Heaven!

— Harriet Prescott Spofford.

THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER.

Oh, say, can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,

Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?

And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there:

Oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave

O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave?

On that shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,

As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream:
Tis the star-spangled banner — Oh, long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
*******
Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand

Between their loved homes and the war's desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land

Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just;
And this be our motto: " In God is our trust; "
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!

— Francis Scott Key.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH.

321

SALUTE THE FLAG.

Off with your hat as the flag goes by!

And let the heart have its say:
You're man enough for a tear in your eye

That you will not wipe away.

You're man enough for a thrill that goes

To your very finger tips —
Ay! the lump just then in your throat that rose,

Spoke more than your parted lips.

Lift up your boy on your shoulder high,

And show him the faded shred;
Those stripes would be red as the sunset sky

If death could have dyed them red.

Off with your hat as the flag goes by!

Uncover the youngster's head;
Teach him to hold it holy and high

For the sake of its sacred dead.

— H. C. Bunner.

OLD FLAG FOREVER.

She's up there, — Old Glory, — where lightnings are sped;

She dazzles the nations with ripples of red;

And she'll wave for us living, or droop o'er us dead, —

The flag of our country forever!
She's up there, — Old Glory, — how bright the stars stream!
And the stripes, like red signals of liberty, gleam!
And we dare for her, living, or dream the last dream,

'Neath the flag of our country forever!
She's up there, — Old Glory, — no tyrant-dealt scars,
No blur on her brightness, no stain on her stars!
The brave blood of heroes hath crimsoned her bars.

She's the flag of our country forever.

— Frank L. Stanton.

THE BANNER OF THE STARS.
We'll never have a new flag, for ours is the true flag,
The true flag, the true flag, the Red, White, and Blue flag.
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! we will carry to the wars
The old flag, the free flag, the Banner of the stars!
And what tho' its white shall be crimsoned with our blood?

And what tho' its stripes shall be shredded in the storms?
To the torn flag, the worn flag, we'll keep our promise good,

And we'll bear the starry blue flag with gallant hearts and arms.

2i — R- IV. Raymond.

322 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The flag of a nation is the sign of its sovereignty. The American
flag is but the historic parallel of older nations, and yet it stands alone
in this — that from the day it was first unfurled in the breeze it has
stood for manly independence and a people's government. It has
never been sullied by ignoble conquests, and it has been glorified by
the proudest possible service in the cause of human freedom.

And it is a curious fact that it is the oldest flag among the great
nations of the world in its characteristic present form. Most of the
older nations have modified the design of their flags within a hundred
years, while ours remains unchanged.

What splendid memories cluster about this beautiful flag! What
heroic deeds have made immortal the gallant volunteer heroes who
have defended it through ail its perils and triumphs of over 120 years,
as it has floated in the van of the march of American progress and
civilization on this continent! — Albert D. Shaw, Commander-in-Chief
(1899- 1 900) G. A. R.

The history of our country is grandly illustrated in our Stars and
Stripes. New stars have been added to its field of blue as new States
have been admitted into our Union. It had its origin in the era of
Washington, when our republic was established, and it had its greatest
trial in the epoch of Lincoln, when the mightiest civil war of the world
tested its power and vindicated its supreme control and command over
the discordant elements arrayed in deadly and brave attempt to destroy
it. To-day this flag stands for no one party or section, but floats over
the whole country, one and undivided, without sectional hates, united
in the bonds of universal liberty and in the sentiments of an inspiring
American civilization. It is the proud sign of peace among ourselves
and with all the world. — Albert D. Shaw.

Our beautiful flag is surrounded by touching memories and asso-
ciations. Its bright stripes and fair stars are perishable, but the senti-
ments it teaches, like the spirit of liberty, can never die. " These shall
resist the Empire of decay, when time is o'er and worlds have passed
away." Let it be treasured as one of the greatest inspiring factors in

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. ,2,

the blessed work of science and art here devoted to the uplifting of the
youth of our land along the plane of peace and happiness, and may it
inspire coming generations to

Stand by the flag! Its folds have streamed in glory,

To foes a fear, to friends a festal robe;
And spread in rhythmic lines the sacred story,

Of Freedom's triumphs over all the globe.

Stand by the flag! On land and ocean billow,

By it our fathers stood, unmoved and true;
Living, defended; dying, for their pillow,

With their last blessing, passed it on to you.

Stand by the flag! All doubt and treason scorning,

Believe, with courage firm and faith sublime,
That it will float until the eternal morning

Pales in its glories all the lights of time.

— Extract from address presenting flag to the Brooklyn Institute of
Arts and Sciences, from Albert D. Shaw.

HATS OFF!

Hats off!

Along the street there comes

A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums,

A flash of color beneath the sky:
Hats off!

The flag is passing by!

Blue and crimson and white it shines,

Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines.

Hats off!

The colors before us fly;

But more than the flag is passing by.

Sea-fights and land-fights, grim and great,
Fought to make and to save the State;
Weary marches and sinking ships;
Cheers of victory on dying lips;

324

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Days of plenty and years of peace,
March of a strong land's swift increase:
Equal justice, right and law,
Stately honor and reverent awe;

Sign of a nation, great and strong

To ward her people from foreign wrong;

Pride and glory and honor, all

Live in the colors to stand or fall.

Hats off!

Along the street there comes

A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums;

And loyal hearts are beating high:
Hats off!

The flag is passing by!

— H. H. Bennett.

MONTEREY.

We were not many, we who stood
Before the iron sleet that day;
Yet many a gallant spirit would
Give half his years if but he could
Have been with us at Monterey.

Mow here, now there, the shot it hailed

In deadly drifts of fiery spray,
Yet not a single soldier quailed
When wounded comrades round them wailed

Their dying shout at Monterey.

And on, still on our column kept

Through walls of flame its withering way;
Where fell the dead, the living stept,
Still charging on the guns which swept
The slippery streets of Monterey.

The foe himself recoiled aghast,

When, striking where he strongest lay,
We swooped his flanking batteries past,
And braving full their murderous blast,
Stormed home the towers of Monterey.

THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 325

Our banners on those turrets wave,

And there our evening bugles play;
Where orange-boughs above their grave,
Keep green the memory of the brave

Who fought and fell at Monterey.

We are not many, we who pressed

Beside the brave who fell that day;
But who of us has not confessed
He'd rather share their warrior rest

Than not have been at Monterey?

— Charles Fenno Hoffman.

THE TWO FLAGS.

On leaving England a few years ago Miss Willard saw from the
hansom in which she was riding along Piccadilly the London omnibus,
with its English flag at the front, whereupon there came into her mind
the words: " With its red for love, and its white for law, and its blue
for the hope that our fathers saw of a larger liberty." This was pen-
ciled at the moment, and on the train en route for Southampton to
take the steamship for New York, Miss Willard wrote the accompany-
ing lines, leaving them as a goodbye tribute in the hand of her friend,
Lady Henry Somerset:

The eyes that follow thee, old flag, are fond,

A Western heart leaps up thy folds to greet,
A Saxon's eyes confess the sacred bond

As England's standard flutters down the street,
With its red for love, and its white for law,

And its blue for the hope that our fathers saw
Of a larger liberty.

Thou art the mother flag of destiny,

Our banner of the spangled stars is trine;

Cromwell was sire of Washington and we

Claim the same cross that blazons thy ensign.

With its red for love, and its white for law,
And its blue for the hope that our fathers saw
Of a larger liberty.

.26 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

O, holy flags, bright with one household glow,

Together light the highway of our God
Till the dear cross of Christ to men shall show

That stripes and stars both mark the path he trod,
With their red for love, and their white for law,

And their blue for the hope that our fathers saw
Of a larger liberty.

The long march of the nations shall be led

By these two flags — till war and tumult cease
Along the happy highway where shall tread

The brotherhood of labor and of peace,
With their red for love, and their white for law,
And their blue for the hope that our fathers saw
Of a larger liberty.

— Miss Frances E. Willard.

Wherever civilization dwells, or the name of Washington is known,
it bears on its folds the concentrated power of armies and navies, and
surrounds the votaries with a defense more impregnable than a battle-
ment of wall or tower. Wherever on earth's surface an American
citizen may wander, called by pleasure, business, or caprice, it is a
shield, securing him against wrong and outrage. — Galusha A. Grow.

MY COUNTRY, 'TIS OF THEE.

Samuel Francis Smith.
Moderate.

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■4ERS, BOSTON

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
SELECTIONS

PROSE AND POETRY

Patriotism. Liberty.

Declaration of Independence. Union.

Constitution of the United Citizenship.
States.

The Nobility of Labor.
(329)

PATRIOTISM.

0 efforts to cultivate the spirit of loyalty and patriotism
can, we believe, be more beneficial in their influence or
lasting in their results than those which are directed to-
wards the rising generation which is preparing for the
duties of citizenship. Whatever can be done to create in
the minds of the young an enthusiastic devotion to their country
will contribute much to the well-being of the republic. We believe
that the cultivation of this spirit should form a necessary part of every
system of education. But it seems especially fitting that efforts of
this kind should be made in connection with that part of our educational
system which is supported by the public. Our public schools are an
essential part of the American system. In them are being trained the
reserve forces of our country; and they afford the best field, not only
for diffusing an intelligent knowledge of our institutions, but also for
cultivating that deep, patriotic impulse without which no nation can
long exist. — From Report of Committee, New York Department, G. A. R.,
on "The Teachings of Civics and History." — Prof. W. C. Morey,
Chairman.

The one who would appreciate the greatness and true significance
of American civilization must understand the sources of its develop-
ment, the conditions of its growth, and the process of its evolution.
He must imbibe the spirit of liberty, which in great measure prompted
the colonization of this land. He must study the foundations of our
local governments as they were laid by the early colonists, and follow
these pioneers of the new world through the vicissitudes of their indus-
trial, religious and political life. He must understand the nature of
those constitutional rights to which they tenaciously clung and from
which arose the majestic fabric of our free institutions. He must be

translated to the days of 1776 and comprehend the great questions

(331)

-2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

involved in the War of Independence. He must enter into the strug-
gles which attended the formation of the Constitution. He must
understand the terrific issues which culminated in the Civil War, and
the political principles which by that war became established. He
must, in fine, see in the successive stages of our history the progressive
growth of a great republic, stretching from ocean to ocean, which is
at once democratic, representative and federative, " an indissoluble
Union of indestructible States." To eliminate emotion from the study
of our country's history would be as difficult as to repress the feeling
of awe when contemplating the grandeur of its natural scenery. There
are elements of greatness and sublimity in the expanding life of our
nation which cannot fail to touch the soul of any sympathetic student.
— Report, G. A. R., as above.

The kind of patriotism which we, as survivors of the Civil War,
would seek to promote and foster in the young is not a spirit born
of discord and strife, but a sentiment inspired by the love of our com-
mon country, and a desire that all its citizens may be bound together
by the possession of common rights and the recognition of common
duties. It was for the preservation of the Union and the integrity of
American institutions that we once fought, and it is for the same
objects that we would still continue to labor. We are proud of the
records of the war for the Union, but we are more proud of the Union
which that war made perpetual. Not in the humiliation of the men
who were defeated, but in the vindication of the principles which were
triumphant, do we most sincerely rejoice. " With malice towards
none, but with charity for all," we would maintain the unity and the
honor of our great republic, the supremacy of its laws, and the spirit
of absolute loyalty which must everywhere form an element of the
truest citizenship. With all due respect for the bonds of local interest
and the obligation of party ties, we believe in a patriotism which is not
confined to any section or to any party, but which is as broad as the
boundaries of our great nation, and which comprehends in its scope
the highest welfare of the whole American people. — Report, G. A. R.,
as above.

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 333

The power that guided our fathers across the water and planted
their feet on Plymouth Rock; the power that gave victory against the
mother country, and assured our independence; the power that kept
our Union from being torn asunder in civil strife, and freed the slave,
and made us in fact, as in name, a nation; the power that gave us
Manila Bay and Santiago Harbor, and the fertile island of Porto Rico,
with loss of life so small that the story seems like the record of a
miracle in the far Judean age: that selfsame power will keep and guide
our flag in its goings across the Pacific seas, if we go, not for conquest,
but for humanity, for civilization, and for liberty. — Stewart L. Wood-
ford, Speech at New England Dinner, in New York.

We cannot honor our country with too deep a reverence; we
cannot love her with an affection too pure and fervent; we cannot
serve her with an energy of purpose or a faithfulness of zeal too stead-
fast and ardent. And what is our country? It is not the East, with
her hills and her valleys, with her countless sails, and the rocky ram-
parts of her shore. It is not the North, with her thousand villages,
and her harvest-home, with her frontiers of the lake and the ocean.
It is not the West, with her forest-sea and her inland isles, with her
luxuriant expanses, clothed in the verdant corn, with her beautiful
Ohio, and her majestic Missouri. Nor is it yet the South, opulent
in the mimic snow of the cotton, in the rich plantations of the rustling-
cane, and in the golden robes of the rice-field. What are these but
the sister families of one greater, better, holier family, our country?
Be assured that we cannot, as patriot scholars, think too highly of that
country, or sacrifice too much for her. — Thomas S. Grimkc.

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the
right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the
work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans — to
do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among
ourselves and with all nations. — Abraham Lincoln.

334 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

A man's country is not a certain area of land, but it is a principle,
and patriotism is loyalty to that principle. So, with passionate hero-
ism of which tradition is never weary of tenderly telling, Arnold von
Winkelried gathers into his bosom the sheaf of foreign spears. So
Nathan Hale, disdaining no service his country demands, perishes
untimely, with no other friend than God and a satisfied sense of duty.
So George Washington, at once comprehending the scope of the
destiny to which his country was devoted, with one hand puts aside
the crown, and with the other sets his slaves free. So, through all
history, from the beginning, a noble army of martyrs has fought fiercely,
and fallen bravely for that unseen mistress, their country. So, through
all history to the end, as long as men believe in God, that army must
still march, and fight and fall, — recruited only from the flower of
mankind, cheered only by their own hope of humanity, strong only
in their confidence in their cause. — George William Curtis.

Observe good faith and justice toward all nations; cultivate peace
and harmony with all. Religion and morality enjoin this conduct;
and can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation,
to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a
people always guided by exalted justice and benevolence. Who can
doubt that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan
would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by
a steady adherence to it? Can it be that Providence has not connected
the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue? The experiment,
at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human
nature. — George Washington.

Is patriotism a narrow affection for the spot where a man was
born? Are the very clods where we tread entitled to this ardent
preference because they are greener? No, this is not the character
of the virtue, and it soars higher for its object. It is an extended self-
love, mingling with all the enjoyments of life, and twisting itself with
the minutest filaments of the heart. It is thus we obey the laws of

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM.

335

society, because they are the laws of virtue. In their authority we see,
not the array of force and terror, but the venerable image of our coun-
try's honor. Every good citizen makes that honor his own, and
cherishes it, not only as precious but as sacred. He is willing to risk
his life in its defense, and is conscious that he gains protection while
he gives it. — Fisher Ames.

What is it to be an American? Putting aside all the outer shows
of dress and manners, social customs and physical peculiarities, is it
not to believe in America, and in the American people? Is it not to
have an abiding and moving faith in the future and in the destiny of
America? — something above and beyond the patriotism and love
which every man whose soul is not dead within him feels toward the
land of his birth? Is it not to be national, and not sectional, inde-
pendent, and not colonial? Is it not to have a high conception of
what this great new country should be, and to follow out that ideal
with loyalty and truth? — Henry Cabot Lodge.

And how is the spirit of a free people to be formed and animated
and cheered, but out of the storehouse of its historic recollections?
Are we to be eternally ringing the changes upon Marathon and Ther-
mopylae; and going back to read in obscure texts of Greek and Latin
of the exemplars of patriotic virtue? I thank God that we can find
them nearer home, in our own country, on our own soil; that strains
of the noblest sentiment that ever swelled in the breast of man are
breathing to us out of every page of our country's history, in the native
eloquence of our native tongue; that the colonial and provincial coun-
cils of America exhibit to us models of the spirit and character which
gave Greece and Rome their name and their praise among nations.
Here we may go for our instruction; the lesson is plain, it is clear, it
is applicable. — Edward Everett.

Have we not learned that not stocks nor bonds nor stately houses
nor lands nor the product of the mill is our country? It is a spiritual
thought that is in our minds. It is the flag and what it stands for.

6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

It is its glorious history. It is the fireside and the home. It is the
high thoughts that are in the heart, born of the inspiration which
conies by the stories of their fathers, the martyrs to liberty; it is the
graveyards into which our careful country has gathered the uncon-
scious dust of those who have died. Here, in these things, is that
which we love and call our country, rather than in anything that can
be touched or handled. — Benjamin Harrison.

I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an
American; and I intend to perform the duties incumbent upon me
in that character to the end of my career. I mean to do this with
absolute disregard of personal consequences. What are personal con-
sequences? What is the individual man, with all the good or evil that
may betide him, in comparison with the good or evil which may befall
a great country, and in the midst of great transactions which concern
that country's fate? Let the consequences be what they will, I am
careless. No man can suffer too much, and no man can fall too soon,
if he suffer, or if he fall in the defense of the liberties and constitution
of his country. — Daniel Webster.

I have seen my countrymen, and I have been with them, a fellow-
wanderer, in other lands; and little did I see or feel to warrant the appre-
hension, sometimes expressed, that foreign travel would weaken our
patriotic attachments. One sigh for home — home, arose from all
hearts. And why, from palaces and courts, why, from galleries of the
arts, where the marble softened into life, and painting shed an almost liv-
ing presence of beauty around it, why, from the mountain's awful brow,
and the lonely valleys and lakes touched with the sunset hues of old
romance, why, from those venerable and touching ruins to which our
very heart grows, why, from ail these scenes, were they looking beyond
the swellings of the Atlantic wave, to a dearer and holier spot on
earth, — their own country? Doubtless, it was, in part, because it is
their country! But it was also, as everyone's experience will testify,
because they knew that there was no oppression, no pitiful exaction
of petty tyranny; because that there they knew was no accredited and

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. ^7

irresistible religious domination; because that there they knew they
should not meet the odious soldier at every corner, nor swarms of
imploring beggars, the victims of misrule; that there no curse cause-
less did fall, and no blight worse than plague and pestilence did descend
amidst the pure dews of heaven; because, in fine, that there they knew
was liberty — upon all the green hills and amidst all the peaceful vil-
lages— liberty, the wall of fire around the humblest home; the crown
of glory, studded with her ever-blazing stars, upon the proudest man-
sion.— Orville Dewey.

Here in this sylvan seclusion, amid the sunshine and the singing of
birds, we raise the statue of the Pilgrim, that in this changeless form
the long procession of the generations which shall follow us may see
what manner of man he was to the outward eye, whom history and
tradition have so often flouted and traduced, but who walked undis-
mayed the solitary heights of duty and of everlasting service to man-
kind. Here let him stand, the soldier of a free church, calmly defying
the hierarchy, the builder of a free state serenely confronting the con-
tinent which he shall settle and subdue. The unspeaking lips shall
chide our unworthiness, the lofty mien exalt our littleness, the unbundl-
ing eye invigorate our weakness, and the whole poised and firmly
planted form reveal the unconquerable moral energy — the master
force of American civilization. So stood the sentinel on Sabbath
morning, guarding the plain house of prayer while wife and child and
neighbor worshipped within. So mused the Pilgrim in the rapt sun-
set hour on the New England shore, his soul caught up into the daz-
zling vision of the future, beholding the glory of the nation that should
be. And so may that nation stand, forever and forever, the mighty
guardian of human liberty, of godlike justice, of Christlike brother-
hood.— George William Curtis, from oration on "The Pilgrim."

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this
continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in
a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so con-

338

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great
battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that
field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that
that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we
should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot
consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and
dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remem-
ber, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished
work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It i« rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion
to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;
that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and
that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Gettysburg.

Believe in your country, — be Americans. Give what you can of
your time and thought to your country's service. Give as much as
you can, but in any event take an interest in public affairs and do
something. Whether partisan or independent, strive to be just, and
to see things as they are. The men who are doing the work of the
world are not perfect, and their work is not perfect, but it is under
their impulse that the world moves.

Live the life of your time, and take your share in its battles. You
will be made, thereby, not only more effective, but more manly and
more generous. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

I believe in that old-fashioned patriotism which places America
before all the world beside. I believe that the man who is the best
father of a family is the best citizen, that a man who is the best patriot
does the best service to his fellow-man.

I remember reading, a short time ago, a little story about a Celtic
regiment called the " Black Watch," which had been gone from home

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM.

339

for many years, and when it landed upon the shores again the men
sprang irom the boats and immediately kneeled down and kissed the
sands of Galway. That's the kind of patriotism we want nowadays.
The patriotism that loves the soil upon which we tread, that loves the
air that surrounds us here in America, that loves tlu Stars and Stripes
because ihey represent this great republic. The patriotism that not
only seeks to defend our institutions, but which seeks to elevate our
manhood and womanhood. The institutions under which we live are,
after all, but men. Our institutions are but the hearts, intelligence and
conscience of the American people, and their permanence depends upon
the quality of American manhood. — Hon. Charles T. Saxton, Lieuten-
ant-Governor of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's
Birthday, 1895.

Patriotism has come rather generally to be interpreted as a will-
ingness to fight and die for one's country and its institutions. That
answers very well for a definition of patriotism during times of war,
but is generally deficient in that it allows no room for patriotism in
times of peace.

If a man loves his country, and is true to her institutions, and
affectionately concerned for their quality and permanence, there will
be something which he will be all the time doing in her behalf. Shoot-
ing our national enemies is only a small and accidental part of the
matter. What our country needs most is men who will live for her
rather than die for her, but live for her while there is no shooting
to be done. — Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst.

And for your country, boy, and for that flag, never dream but of
serving her as she bids you. No matter what happens to you, no
matter who flatters you or abuses you, never look at another flag,
never let a night pass but you pray God to bless that flag. Remem-
ber, that behind all these men you have to do with, behind officers, and
government, and people even, there is the Country Herself, your
Country, and that you belong to Her as you do belong to your own
mother. Stand by her as you would stand by your own mother. —
Edward Everett Hale, in " The Man without a Country."

340 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

FROM THE " COMMEMORATION ODE."

O beautiful, my country! Ours once more!
Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair,
O'er such sweet brows as never other wore,

And letting thy set lips,

Freed from wrath's pale eclipse,
The rosy edges of thy smile lay bare.
What words divine of lover or of poet
Could tell our love and make thee know it,
Among the nations bright beyond compare?
What were our lives without thee?
What all our lives to save thee?
We reck not what we gave thee;
We will not dare to doubt thee;
But ask whatever else, and we will dare.

— James Russell Lozvell.

Patriotism is not only a legitimate sentiment, but a duty. There
are countless reasons why, as Americans, we should love our native
land. We may feel no scruples as Christians in welcoming and nourish-
ing a peculiar affection for its winds and soil, its coast and hills, its
memories and its flag. We cannot more efficiently labor for the good
of all men than by pledging heart, brain, and hands to the service of
keeping our country true to its mission, obedient to its idea. Our
patriotism must draw its nutriment and derive its impulse from knowl-
edge and love of the ideal America, as yet but partially reflected in
our institutions, or in the general mind of the Republic. Thus quick-
ened it will be both pure and practical. — T. Starr King.

THE PATRIOT'S ELYSIUM.

There is a land, of every land the pride,

Beloved by Heaven o'er all the world beside;

Where brighter suns dispense serener light,

And milder moons emparadise the night.

There is a spot of earth supremely blest,

A dearer, sweeter spot than all the rest:

Where man, creation's tyrant, casts aside

His sword and scepter, pageantry and pride,

While in his softened looks benignly blend

The sire, the son, the husband, brother, friend.

"Where shall that land, that spot of earth, be found?"

Art thou a man? a patriot? look around!

Oh, thou shalt find, howe'er thy footsteps roam,

That land thy country, and that spot thy home!

— James Montgomery.

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 34!

In this extraordinary war, extraordinary developments have mani-
fested themselves, such as have not been seen in former wars; and,
among these manifestations, nothing has been more remarkable than
these fairs for the relief of suffering soldiers and their families, and
the chief agents in these fairs are the women of America!

I am not accustomed to the use of language of eulogy. I have
never studied the art of paying compliments to women; but I must
say that, if all that has been said by orators and poets since the crea-
tion of the world in praise of women were applied to the women of
America, it would not do them justice for their conduct during the
war.

I will close by saying, God bless the women of America! —
Abraham Lincoln.

MY COUNTRY, TIS OF THEE.

My country, 'tis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty,

Of thee I sing:
Land where my fathers died,
Land of the pilgrim's pride,
From every mountain side

Let freedom ring.

My native country, thee,
Land of the noble, free;

Thy name I love.
I love thy rocks and rills,
Thy woods and templed hills;
My heart with rapture thrills

Like that above.

Let music swell the breeze,
And ring from all the trees

Sweet freedom's song.
Let mortal tongues awake,
Let all that breathe partake,
Let rocks their silence break,

The sound prolong.

342

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Our fathers' God, to Thee,
Author of liberty,

To Thee we sing.
Long may our land be bright
With freedom's holy light:
Protect us by Thy might,

Great God, our King!

— Samuel Francis Smith.

Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said:

" This is my own, my native land! "
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned,
As home his footsteps he hath turned

From wandering on a foreign strand?
If such there breathes, go, mark him well —
For him no minstrel raptures swell:
High though his titles, proud his name,
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim:
Despite those titles, power and pelf,
The wretch concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit all renown,
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.

— Sir Walter Scott.

God bless our native land!
Firm may she ever stand,

Through storm and night!
When the wild tempests rave,
Ruler of wind and wave,
Do Thou our country save

By Thy great might.

For her our prayer shall rise
To God above the skies:

On Him we wait.
Thou, who art ever nigh,
Guarding with watchful eye,
To Thee aloud we cry,

God save the State.

— John Sullivan Divight.

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 343

A man's country is not merely that of his birth, so often a matter
of chance, but the land of his happiness. Born in one quarter of the
globe, without attachment for its associations, he may become so
bound up and identified with that of his adoption as to hold it in every
respect as his own true native land. In this light do very many of our
citizens consider America. It has afforded shelter and refuge; it has
recognized the liberty that is theirs through a common humanity.
In no other land is there like freedom in matters of conscience, such
recognition and appreciation of the great principles of religion, and
the universal obligation of all men to seek the highest happiness of
all. — Raphael Lasker.

The first two words of the national motto are as much a part of it
as the last. They have never been changed since their use began.
They have been borne in every battle and on every march, by land or
sea, in defeat as in victory. They are still blazoned on our escutcheon,
and copied in every seal of office. May that motto never be mutilated
or disowned. It should be written on the walls of the Capitol and on
every statehouse. Its three words contain a faithful history; may
they abide for ages, pledges of the future, as they are witnesses of the
past. — David Dudley Field.

THE BRAVE AT HOME.
The maid who binds her warrior's sash

With smile that well her pain dissembles,
The while beneath her drooping lash

One starry tear-drop hangs and trembles;
Though Heaven alone records the tear,

And Fame shall never know her story,
Her heart has shed a drop as dear

As e'er bedewed the field of glory!

The wife who girds her husband's sword,

'Mid little ones who weep or wonder,
And bravely speaks the cheering word,

What though her heart be rent asunder;
Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear

The bolts of death around him rattle,
Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er

Was poured upon the field of battle!

~aa MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The mother who conceals her grief

While to her breast her son she presses,
Then breathes a few brave words and brief,

Kissing the patriot brow she blesses —
With no one but her secret God

To know the pain that weighs upon her,
Sheds holy blood as e'er the sod

Received on Freedom's field of honor!

— Thomas Buchanan Read.

Give us but a part of that devotion which glowed in the heart of
the younger Pitt and of our own elder Adams, who, in the midst of
their agonies, forgot not the countries they had lived for, but mingled
with the spasms of their dying hour a last and imploring appeal to
the Parent of all mercies that He would remember, in eternal blessings,
the land of their birth. Give us their devotion, give us that of the
young enthusiast of Paris, who, listening to Mirabeau in one of his
surpassing vindications of human rights, and, seeing him falling from
his stand, dying, as a physician proclaimed, for the want of blood,
rushed to the spot, and, as he bent over the expiring man, bared his
arm for the lancet, and cried again and again, with impassioned voice,
" Here, take it, oh! take it from me! let me die so that Mirabeau and
the liberties of my country may not perish! " Give us something only
of such a love of country, and we are safe, forever safe; the troubles
which shadow over and oppress us now will pass away like a summer
cloud. Give us this and we can thank God and say, " These, these, are
my brethren, and Oh! this, this too, is my country! " — /. McDowell.

The peace we have won is not a selfish truce of arms, but one
whose conditions presage good to humanity. At Bunker Hill liberty
was at stake, at Gettysburg the Union was the issue, before Manila
and Santiago our armies fought, not for gain or revenge, but for
human rights. They contended for the freedom of the oppressed, for
whose welfare the United States has never failed to lend a hand to
establish and uphold, and, I believe, never will. The glories of the
war cannot be dimmed, but the result will be incomplete and unworthy

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM.

345

of us unless supplemented by civil victories harder possibly to win, in
their way not less indispensable. We will have our difficulties and
our embarrassments. They follow all victories and accompany all
great responsibilities. They are inseparable from every great move-
ment of reform. But American capacity has triumphed over all in the
past. Doubts have in the end vanished. Apparent dangers have
been averted or avoided, and our own history shows that progress has
come so naturally and steadily on the heels of new and grave responsi-
bilities that, as we look back upon the acquisition of territory by our
fathers, we are filled with wonder that any doubt could have existed, or
any apprehension could have been felt of the wisdom of their action
or their capacity to grapple with the then untried and mighty prob-
lems. The Republic is to-day larger, stronger, and better prepared
than ever before for wise and profitable developments. Forever in the
right, following the best impulses and clinging to high purposes, using
properly and within right limits our power and opportunities, honorable
reward must inevitably follow. — William McKinley.

CENTENNIAL HYMN.

Our fathers' God, from out whose hand
The centuries fall like grains of sand,
We meet to-day, united, free,
And loyal to our land and Thee,
To thank Thee for the era done,
And trust thee for the opening one.
*****
Oh! make Thou us through centuries long,
In Peace secure, in Justice strong:
Around our gift of Freedom, draw
The safeguards of Thy righteous law;
And, cast in some diviner mould,
Let the new cycle shame the old.

— John Grcenleaf Whittier.

Let me say a word for a little more patriotism in the schools. We
have little in our every-day life to arouse patriotic ardor. We have
no frequent or great exhibitions of power; no army to stand in awe of;
no royalty to worship; no emblems or ribbons to dazzle the eye; and

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

but few national airs. We have elections so frequently, and then say
such terribly hard things of each other, and about the management of
government, that I imagine the children wonder what kind of a coun-
try this is that they have been born into. There is no such inculcation
of patriotism among our children as among the children of some other
lands. If I had my way, I would hang the flag in every schoolroom,
and I would spend an occasional hour in singing our best patriotic
songs, in declaiming the masterpieces of our national oratory, and in
rehearsing the proud story of our national life. — Andrew S, Draper.

In the van of the progressive movement of civilization, our country
alike greets the most ancient of nations, and the social fabric whose
many centuries know no change. Further, she has garnered within
her borders all colors, creeds, and minds. Providence has bidden
America to train, educate, uplift, blend in fraternity, eastern and
western, northern and southern humanity. Here, in these United
States, is the grandest school of the brotherhood of man! Here, the
conscience and religion are free! Here, the Fatherhood of God is
best illustrated in church, in government, and in the human institutions
which interpret Him! In the old countries, the people are feared and
despised; here, the people are trusted, made responsible, allowed to
govern themselves. Here, in marvellous harmony, local forms of free-
dom are blended with central power. — William E. Grifhs.

Bereft of Patriotism, the heart of a nation will be cold and cramped
and sordid; the arts will have no enduring impulse, and commerce no
invigorating soul; society will degenerate and the mean and vicious
triumph. Patriotism is not a wild and glittering passion, but a glorious
reality. The virtue that gave to Paganism its dazzling lustre, to Bar-
barism its redeeming trait, to Christianity its heroic form, is not dead.
It still lives to console, to sanctify humanity. It has its altar in every
clime; its worship and festivities. — Thomas F. Meagher.

The name of Republic is inscribed upon the most imperishable
monuments of the species, and it is probable that it will continue to be
associated, as it has been in all past ages, with whatever is heroic in

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 347

character, sublime in genius, and elegant and brilliant in the cultivation
of art and letters. What land has ever been visited with the influence
of liberty that did not flourish like the spring? What people has ever
worshipped at her altars without kindling with a loftier spirit, and
putting forth more noble energies? Where has she ever acted that her
deeds have not been heroic? Where has she ever spoken that her
eloquence has not been triumphant and sublime? — Hugh S. Legare.

The sheet anchor of the ship of state is the common school.
Teach,- first and last, Americanism. Let no youth leave the school
without being thoroughly grounded in the history, the principles, and
the incalculable blessings of American liberty. Let the boys be the
trained soldiers of constitutional freedom, the girls the intelligent lovers
of freemen. — Chauncey M. Depczu.

No phrase ever embodied more truth than the oft-repeated one
that " Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty/' and our work as patriots
is no less binding to-day than in the days when we wore the army blue.
Let it be our lofty aim to emulate the patriotism of those who gave
their lives that Government of the People, by the People, and for the
People, might not perish from the earth.— Oscar D. Robinson.

Patriotism is one of the positive lessons to be taught in every
school. Everything learned should be flavored with a genuine love of
country. Every glorious fact in the nation's history should be em-
phasized, and lovingly dwelt upon. The names of her illustrious
citizens should be treasured in the memory. Every child should feel
that he is entitled to a share, not only in the blessings conferred by a
free government, but also in the rich memories and glorious achieve-
ments of his country. — Richard Edwards.

A man's country is not a certain area of land, of mountains, rivers,
and woods, but it is principle; and patriotism is loyalty to that principle.
In poetic minds and in popular enthusiasm, this feeling becomes closely
associated with the soil and the symbols of the country. But the
secret sanctification of the soil and the symbol is the idea which they
represent; and this idea the patriot worships, through the name and

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

the symbol, as a lover kisses with rapture the glove of his mistress and
wears a lock of her hair upon his heart. — George W. Curtis.

I am no pessimist as to this Republic. I always bet on sunshine
in America. I know that my country has reached the point of perilous
greatness, and that strange forces, not to be measured or compre-
hended, are hurrying her to heights that dazzle and blind all mortal
eyes, but I know that beyond the uttermost glory is enthroned the
Lord God Almighty, and that when the hour of her trial has come He
will lift up his everlasting gates and bend down above her in mercy
and in love. For with her He has surely lodged the ark of His covenant
with the sons of men. And the Republic will endure. Centralism will
be checked, and liberty saved — plutocracy overthrown and equality
restored. The struggle for human rights never goes backward among
English-speaking people. The trend of the times is with us. — Henry
W. Grady.

THE SHIP OF STATE.

Then, too, sail on, O Ship of State!
Sail on, O Union strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,
With all its hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless, on thy fate!
We know what master laid Thy keel,
What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel,

Who made each mast, and sail, and rope,
What anvils rang, what anvils beat,
In what a forge and what a heat,

Were shaped the anchors of thy hope!
Fear not each sudden sound and shock,
'Tis of the wave, and not the rock;
'Tis but the flapping of the sail.
And not a rent made by the gale;
In spite of rock and tempest roar.
In spite of false lights on the shore,
Sail on, nor fea- to breast the sea!
Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee:
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears,
Our f-uth triumphant o'er our fears,

Are all with thee, are all with thee.

— Henry Wadsworth Longfellozv.

SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. -4g

The time has come when the history of our own country should
stand among the fundamental studies to be pursued in our schools. In
the teaching of history, we need not attach first importance to the dates
of battles, the number of men engaged upon each side, or the number
killed and wounded. These are but incidents in history. We should
teach causes and results. We need not teach that the soldiers on one
side were braver than the soldiers on the other. The " boys in gray "
who stood up against you at Gettysburg and a hundred other battle-
fields were as brave as you were. We know that they were mistaken,
but they were brave, and they were Americans. They have done their
share in making American history, and one happy result of the war
with Spain is that sectional lines have been wiped out and no longer
is there any North and South in the consideration of American bravery.
We need not spend any time in demonstrating the bravery of the
American people. It has been thoroughly tested and the whole world
knows it. I believe that we should teach these things to our children.
— Hon. Charles R. Skinner, Speech before G. A. R. Committee.

One of the definitions of patriotism is " love of country." If we
do not teach our boys and girls to love their country, how can we
teach them to be patriotic? Patriotism is sometimes misunderstood.
Patriotism is not an impulse or a sentiment, but a conviction. Where
the heart is right, there you will find true patriotism. I want a patriot-
ism that does not wait for the firing of a gun on a national holiday to
manifest itself. I want a patriotism which is good every day in the
year, and which means an understanding of public duty and a determi-
nation to perform that duty.— Hon. Charles R. Skinner, Speech before
G. A. R. Committee.

Here, at last, is its sacred secret revealed! It is in the patriotic
instinct which has brought to this field the army of Northern Virginia
and the army of the Potomac. It lies in the manly emotion with which
the generous soldier sees only the sincerity and courage of his ancient
foe and scorns suspicion of a lingering enmity. It lies in the perfect
freedom of speech, and perfect fraternity of spirit, which now for three

350 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

days have glowed in these heroic hearts, and echoed in this enchanted
air. These are the forces that assure the future of our beloved country!
May they go before us on our mighty march, a pillar of cloud by day,
of fire by night! Happy for us, happy for mankind, if we and our
children shall comprehend that they are the fundamental conditions of
the life of the Republic! Then, long after, when, in a country whose
vast population, covering the continent with the glory of a civilization
which the imagination cannot forecast, the completed century of the
great battle shall be celebrated, the generation which shall gather here,
in our places, will rise up and call us blessed! Then, indeed, the fleeting
angel of this hour will have yielded his most precious benediction; and
in the field of Gettysburg, as we now behold it, the blue and the gray
blending in happy harmony, like the mingling hues of the summer
landscape, we may see the radiant symbol of the triumphant America
of our pride, our hope, and our joy! — George William Curtis.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

TE hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights; that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure
these rights, governments are instituted among men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." There
is the origin of Popular Sovereignty. Who, then, shall come in at this
day and claim that he invented it? That is the electric cord in the
Declaration that links the hearts of patriotic and liberty-loving men
together; that will link those patriotic hearts as long as the love of
freedom exists in the minds of men throughout the world.— Abraham
Lincoln.

It is in vain for demagogism to raise its short arms against the
truth of history. The Declaration of Independence stands there. No
candid man ever read it without seeing and feeling that every word of
it was dictated by deep and earnest thought, and that every sentence
of it bears the stamp of philosophic generality. It is the summing up
of the results of the philosophical development of the age; the practical
embodiment of the progressive ideas which, far from being confined
to the narrow limits of the English colonies, pervaded the atmosphere
of all civilized nations. — Carl Schurz.

I have never had a feeling, politically, that did not spring from the
sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. I have often
pondered over the dangers which were incurred by the men who assem-
bled here and framed and adopted the Declaration of Independence. I
have pondered over the toils that were endured by the officers and
soldiers of the army who achieved that independence. I have often
inquired of myself what great principle or idea it was that kept this
confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the

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separation of the colonies from the motherland, but that sentiment in
the Declaration of Independence which gave liberty, not alone to the
people of this country, but, I hope, to the world for all future time. It
was that which you promised, that in due time the weight would be
lifted from the shoulders of all men. This is the sentiment embodied in
the Declaration of Independence. — Abraham Lincoln.

On the fourth of July, 1776, the representatives of the United
States of America, in Congress assembled, declared that these United
Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.
This Declaration, made by most patriotic and resolute men, trusting
in the justice of their cause and the protection of Providence — and
yet not without deep solicitude and anxiety — has stood for seventy-
five years, and still stands. It was sealed in blood. It has met dangers
and overcome them; it has had enemies and it has conquered them;
it has had detractors and it has abashed them all; it has had doubting
friends, but it has cleared all doubts away; and, now, to-day, raising its
august form higher than the clouds, twenty millions of people contem-
plate it with hallowed love, and the world beholds it, and the conse-
quences which have followed, with profound admiration. — Daniel
Webster.

The Declaration of Independence is the grandest, the bravest, and
the profoundest political document that was ever signed by the repre-
sentatives of the people. It is the embodiment of physical and moral
courage and of political wisdom. I say physical courage because it
was a declaration of war against the most powerful nation then on the
globe; a declaration of war by thirteen weak, unorganized colonies; a
declaration of war by a few people, without military stores, without
wealth, without strength, against the most powerful kingdom on the
earth; a declaration of war made when the British navy, at that day
the mistress of every sea, was hovering along the coast of America,
looking after defenceless towns and villages to ravage and destroy. It
was made when thousands of English soldiers were upon our soil, and
when the principal cities of America were in the substantial possession
of the enemy. And so I say, all things considered, it was the bravest
political document ever signed by man. — Robert G. Ingcrsoll.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

rE can give up everything but our Constitution, which is
the sun of our system. As the natural sun dispels fogs,
heats the air, and vivifies and illumines the world, even
so does the Constitution, in days of adversity and gloom,
come out for our rescue and our enlightening. If the
luminary which now sheds its light upon us and invigorates our
sphere should sink forever in his ocean bed, clouds, cold, and perpetual
death would environ us; and if we suffer our other sun, the Constitu-
tion, to be turned from us, if we neglect or disregard its benefits, if
its beams disappear but once in the west, anarchy and chaos will have
come again, and we shall grope out in darkness and despair the remain-
der of a miserable existence. — Daniel Webster.

In order to understand the theory of the American Government,
the most serious, calm, persistent study should be given to the Con-
stitution of the United States. I don't mean learning it by heart, com-
mitting it to memory. What you want is to understand it; to know
the principles at the bottom of it; to feel the impulse of it; to feel the
heart-beat that thrills through the whole American people. That is
the vitality that is worth knowing; that is the sort of politics that excels
all the mysteries of ward elections, and lifts you up into a view where
you can see the clear skies, the unknown expanse of the future. —
Charles A. Dana.

Every free government is necessarily complicated, because all such

governments establish restraints, as well on the power of government

itself as on that of individuals. If we will abolish the distinction of

branches and have but one branch; if we will abolish jury trials, and

leave all to the judge; and if we place the executive power in the same

hands, we may readily simplify government. We may easily bring it

to the simplest of all possible forms, — a pure despotism. But a separa-
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354 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

tion of departments, so far as practicable, and the preservation of clear
lines of division between them, is the fundamental idea in the creation
of all our constitutions; and, doubtless, the continuance of regulated
liberty depends on maintaining these boundaries. — Daniel Webster.

There never existed an example before of a free community spread-
ing over such an extent of territory; and the ablest and profoundest
thinkers, at the time, believed it to be utterly impracticable that there
should be. Yet this difficult problem was solved — successfully solved
— by the wise and sagacious men who framed our Constitution. No;
it was above unaided human wisdom — above the sagacity of the most
enlightened. It was the result of a fortunate combination of circum-
stances co-operating and leading the way to its formation, directed by
that kind Providence which has so often and so signally disposed events
in our favor. — John C. Calhoun.

The Constitution of the United States, the nearest approach of
mortal to perfect political wisdom, was the work of men who purchased
liberty with their blood, but who found that, without organization, free-
dom was not a blessing. They formed it, and the people, in their intel-
ligence, adopted it. And what has been its history? Has it trodden
down any man's rights? Has it circumscribed the liberty of the press?
Has it stopped the mouth of any man? Has it held us up as objects of
disgrace abroad? How much the reverse! It has given us character
abroad; and when, with Washington at its head, it went forth to the
world, this young country at once became the most interesting and
imposing in the circle of civilized nations. — Daniel Webster.

LIBERTY.

SELECTIONS.

Is it nothing, then, to be free? Is it nothing that we are Republi-
cans? Can anything be more striking and sublime than the idea of
an Imperial Republic, spreading over an extent of territory more
immense than the empire of the Caesars in the accumulated conquests
of a thousand years, without prefects, or proconsuls, or publicans,
founded in the maxims of common sense, employing within itself no
arms but those of reason, and known to its subjects only by the bless-
ings it bestows or perpetuates, yet capable of directing against a for-
eign foe aH the energies of a military despotism, — a Republic in which
men are completely insignificant, and principles and laws exercise
throughout its vast dominion a peaceful and irresistible sway, blending
in one divine harmony, such various habits and conflicting opinions;
and mingling in our institutions the light of philosophy with all that
is dazzling in the associations of heroic achievement and extended domi-
nation, and deep-seated and formidable power! — Hugh S. Lcgare.

A government founded upon anything except liberty and justice
cannot and ought not to stand. All the wrecks on either side of the
stream of time, all the wrecks of the great cities, and all the nations
that have passed away — all are a warning that no nation founded
upon injustice can stand. From the sand-enshrouded Egypt, from the
marble wilderness of Athens, and from every fallen, crumbling stone
of the once mighty Rome, comes a wail, as it were, the cry that no
nation founded upon injustice can permanently stand. — Robert G. Inger-
soll.

Liberty has been the battle-cry which has led to victory on a thou-
sand battlefields; it wrung from King John the Magna Charta; it razed
the Bastile to the ground; it peopled the solitudes of America with a
hardy race of pilgrims; it led Washington and his faithful army through
the perils and sufferings of a seven years' war. It has been the pre-

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siding genius which, age after age, in Greece, Rome, Switzerland,
England, France, America, and in the South Seas, has molded constitu-
tions, framed laws, and elaborated institutions, all seeking to secure to
the individual the highest possible liberty. — Thomas J. Morgan.

Is true freedom but to break
Fetters for our own dear sake,
And with leathern hearts forget
That we owe mankind a debt?
No! True freedom is to share
All the chains our brothers wear,
And with heart and hand to be
Earnest to make others free!

They are slaves who fear to speak

For the fallen and the weak;

They are slaves who will not choose

Hatred, scoffing and abuse,

Rather than in silence shrink

From the truth they needs must think;

They are slaves who dare not be

In the right with two or three.

— James Russell Lowell.

All who stand beneath our banner are free. Ours is the only flag
that has in reality written upon it " Liberty, Equality, Fraternity " —
the three grandest words in all the languages of men. Liberty: give
to every man the fruit of his own labor — the labor of his hand and of
his brain. Fraternity: every man in the right is my brother. Equality:
the rights of all are equal. No race, no color, no previous condition,
can change the rights of men. The Declaration of Independence has at
least been carried out in letter and in spirit. To-day, the black man
looks upon his child and says: " The avenues of distinction are open to
you — upon your brow may fall the civic wreath." We are celebrating
the courage and wisdom of our fathers, and the glad shout of a free
people, the anthem of a grand nation, commencing at the Atlantic, is
following the sun to the Pacific, across a continent of happy homes. —
Robert G. Ingersoll.

SELECTIONS ON LIBERTY.

The land of Freedom! Sea and shore

Are guarded now, as when
Her ebbing waves to victory bore

Fair barks and gallant men:
O many a ship of prouder name

May wave her starry fold,
Nor trail, with deeper line of fame,

The paths they swept of old!

— Oliver Wendtll Hclmes.

O Freedom! Thou are not, as poets dream,

A fair young girl, with light and delicate limbs,

And wavy tresses gushing from the cap

With which the Roman master crowned his slave

When he took off the gyves. A bearded man,

Armed to the teeth, art thou; one mailed hand

Grasps the broad shield, and one the sword: thy brow,

Glorious in beauty though it be, is scarred

With tokens of old wars: Thy massive limbs

Are strong with struggling. Power at thee has launched

His bolts and with hi- lightnings smitten thee:

They could not quench the light thou hast from Heaven.

Wm. Cullen Bryant.

In relation to the principle that all men are created equal, let it
be as nearly reached as we can. If we cannot give freedom to every
creature, let us do nothing that will impose slavery upon any other
creature. I leave you, hoping that the lamp of liberty will burn in
your bosoms until there shall be no longer a doubt that all men are
created free and equal. — Abraham Lincoln.

Hope of the world! Thou hast broken its chains,
Wear thy bright arms while a tyrant remains:
Stand for the right till the nations shall own
Freedom their sovereign, with law for her throne!

Freedom! Sweet Freedom! Our voices resound,
Queen by God's blessing, unsceptered, uncrowned!
Freedom! Sweet Freedom! Our pulses repeat,
Warm with her life blood, as long as they beat!

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Fold the broad banner-stripes over her breast,
Crown her with star-jewels, Queen of the West!
Earth for her heritage, God for her friend,
She shall reign over us, world without end!

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

SONG FOR INDEPENDENCE.

Hail to the planting of Liberty's Tree!
Hail to the charter declaring us free!

Millions of voices are chanting its praises,
Millions of worshippers bend at its shrine,

Wherever the sun of America blazes,
Wherever the stars of our bright banner shine.

Sing to the heroes who breasted the flood

That, swelling, rolled o'er them, a deluge of blood.

Fearless they clung to the ark of the nation,
And dashed on 'mid lightning, and thunder, and blast,

Till Peace, like the dove, brought her branch of salvation,
And Liberty's mount was their refuge at last.

Bright is the beautiful land of our birth,

The home of the homeless all over the earth.

Oh! Let us ever, with fondest devotion,
The freedom our fathers bequeathed us watch o'er,

Till the angel shall stand on the earth and the ocean,
And shout 'mid earth's ruins that Time is no more.

— Alfred B. Street.

THE UNION.

SELECTIONS.

I profess, sir, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in view
the prosperity and honor of the whole country, and the preservation
of our Federal Union. It is to that Union we owe our safety at home,
and our consideration and dignity abroad. It is to that Union that
we are chiefly indebted for whatever makes us most proud of our
country. That Union we reached only by the discipline of our virtue
in the severe school of adversity. It had its origin in the necessities of
disordered finance, prostrate commerce and ruined credit. Under its
benign influences, these great interests immediately awoke, as from
the dead, and sprang forth with newness of life. Every year of its dura-
tion has teemed with fresh proof of its utility and its blessings, and
although our country has stretched out, wider and wider, and our
population spread farther and farther, they have not outrun its protec-
tion or its benefits. It has been to us all a copious fountain of national,
social, and personal happiness. — Daniel Webster.

There are four things which I humbly conceive are essential to the
well-being — I may even venture to say, to the existence — of the
United States, as an independent power.

First. An indissoluble Union of the states under one Federal head.

Second. A sacred regard to public justice.

Third. The adoption of a proper peace establishment.

Fourth. The prevalence of that pacific and friendly disposition
among the people of the United States which will induce them to
forget their local prejudices and politics; to make those mutual con-i
cessions which are requisite to the general prosperity; and, in some
instances, to sacrifice their individual advantages to the interest of the
community.

These are the pillars on which the glorious fabric of our inde-
pendence and national character must be supported. Liberty is the

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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

basis. And whoever would dare to sap the foundation, or overturn the
structure, under whatever specious pretext he may attempt it, will
merit the bitterest execration and the severest punishment which can
be inflicted by his injured country. — George Washington.

While every part of our country feels an immediate and particular
interest in Union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find, in the
united mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater resource,
proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent
interruption of their peace by foreign nations; and, what is of inestima-
ble value, they must derive from the Union an exemption from those
broils and wars between themselves which so frequently afflict neigh-
boring countries not tied together by the same government, which
their own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which
opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate
and embitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those
overgrown military establishments which, under any form of govern-
ment, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as par-
ticularly hostile to Republican Liberty. In this sense it is that your
Union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that
the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other.
— George Washington.

If Washington were now amongst us, and if he could draw around
him the shades of the great public men of his own days — patriots and
warriors, orators and statesmen — and were to address us in their pres-
ence, would he not say to us: " Ye men of this generation, I rejoice and
thank God for being able to see that our labors and toils and sacrifices
were not in vain. The fire of liberty burns brightly and steadily in your
hearts, while duty and the law restrain it from bursting forth in wild
and destructive conflagration. Cherish liberty as you love it, cherish
its securities as you wish to preserve it. Maintain the Constitution
which we labored so painfully to establish, and which has been to you
such a source of inestimable blessings. Preserve the Union of the
States, cemented as it was by our prayers, our tears, and our blood.

SELECTIONS ON THE UNION. tfl

Be true to God, your country, and your duty. So shall that Almighty
Power, which so graciously protected us, and which now protects you,
shower its everlasting blessings upon you and your posterity." — Daniel
Webster.

A nation may be said to consist of its territory, its people, and its
laws. The territory is the only part which is of certain durability.
" One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh, but
the earth abideth forever." It is of the first importance to duly con-
sider and estimate this ever-enduring part. That portion of the earth's
surface which is owned and inhabited by the people of the United
States is well adapted to be the home of one national family, and it is
not well adapted for two or more. Its vast extent, and its variety of
climate and productions, are of advantage in this age for one people,
whatever they might have been in former ages. Steam, telegraphs,
and intelligence have brought these to be an advantageous combina-
tion for one united people. There is no line, straight or crooked, suit-
able for a national boundary, upon which to divide. Trace through
from East to West upon the line between the free and slave country,
and we shall find a little more than one-third of its length are rivers,
easy to be crossed and populated, or soon to be populated thickly upon
both sides; while nearly all its remaining length are merely surveyor's
lines, over which people may walk back and forth without any con-
sciousness of their presence. No part of this line can be made any
more difficult to pass by writing it down on paper or parchment as a
national boundary. — Abraham Lincoln.

For my part, I have never believed in isothermal lines, air lines
and water lines separating distinct races. I no more believe that that
river yonder, dividing Indiana and Kentucky, marks off two distinct
species than I believe that the great Hudson, flowing through the
state of New York, marks off distinct species. Such theories only live
in the fancy of morbid minds. We are all one people. Commercially,
financially, morally, we are one people. Divide as we will into parties,
we are one people.

* * * * * * *

362

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The silken folds that twine about us here, for all their soft and
careless grace, are yet as strong as hooks of steel. They hold together
a united people and a great nation. The South says to the North, as
simply and as truly as was said three thousand years ago in that far
away meadow by the side of the mystic sea: " Thy people shall be my
people, and thy God, my God." — Henry Watterson.

My fellow countrymen of the North, we join you in setting apart
this land as an enduring monument of peace, brotherhood, and per-
petual union. I repeat the thought, with additional emphasis, with
singleness of heart and of purpose, in the name of a common country,
and of universal human liberty; and, by the blood of our fallen brothers,
we unite in the solemn consecration of these hallowed hills, as a holy
eternal pledge of fidelity to the life, freedom, and unity of this cherished
Republic. — John B. Gordon.

What the sun is in the heavens, diffusing light and warmth, and,
by its subtle influence, holding the planets in their orbits, and preserv-
ing the harmony of the universe, such is the sentiment of nationality
in a people, diffusing life and protection in every direction, holding the
faces of Americans always toward their homes, protecting the states
in the exercise of their just powers, and preserving the harmony of
all. We must have a Nation. It is a necessity of our political existence.
We should cherish the idea that, while the states have their rights,
sacred and inviolable, which we should guard with untiring vigilance,
never permitting an encroachment upon them, and ever remembering
that such encroachment is as much a violation of the Constitution of
the United States as to encroach upon the rights of the general gov-
ernment, still bear in mind that the states are but subordinate parts of
one great nation; that the nation is over all, even as God is over the
universe. — Oliver P. Morton.

There is nothing more national in all this Republic than the spirit
that saved the Union. The soldiers fought for the whole Union, and
the spirit that animated us was the spirit of nationality against the spirit
of sectionalism, and, in defending the truths for which we fought, we
were national to the core and sectional in nothing. It was the spirit

SELECTIONS ON THE UNION. 363

of sectionalism against which we fought, and the spirit of broad, united
nationality which we defended, and will defend while we live * * *
What could be more national as a material thing than the Mississippi
River? We made that the river of one people, from Fort Benton, far
up under the British line, down to the gulf; and every wave, every
drop from the lakes at the far north goes singing of the Union all the
way down till it joins the tropical ocean, and we made the song of the
Union ring along its banks, and the people that inhabit its shores, one
people, I trust, forever. The mountain chains that God made are
one, and we made the people and the government that dwell on these
mountains, in these valleys, — one, like the ocean, — one, like the ever-
lasting hills, and one will we be with them forevermore. — James A.
Garfield, Address at a Reunion.

The drama of the Revolution opened in New England, culminated
in New York, and closed in Virginia. It was a happy fortune that the
three colonies which represented the various territorial sections of the
settled continent were each in turn the chief seat of war. The com-
mon sacrifice, the common struggle, the common triumph, tended to
weld them locally, politically, and morally together. * * * The
voice of Patrick Henry from the mountains answered that of James
Otis by the sea. Paul Revere's lantern shone through the valley of
the Hudson, and flashed along the cliffs of the Blue Ridge. The scat-
tering volley of Lexington Green swelled to the triumphant thunder
of Saratoga, and the reverberation of Burgoyne's falling arms in New
York shook those of Cornwallis in Virginia from his hands. Doubts,
jealousies, prejudices, were merged in one common devotion. The
union of the colonies to secure liberty foretold the union of the states
to maintain it, and wherever we stand on revolutionary fields, or inhale
the sweetness of revolutionary memories, we tread the ground and
breathe the air of invincible national union. — George William Curtis,
Oration on Burgoyne's Surrender.

While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying pros-
pects spread out before us, for us and our children. Beyond that, I
seek not to penetrate the veil. God grant that in my day, at least, that

364

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

curtain may not rise! God grant that on my vision never may be
opened what lies behind! When my eyes shall be turned to behold for
the last time the sun in heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken
and dishonored fragments of a once glorious Union; on states, dis-
severed, discordant, belligerent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or
drenched, it may be, with fraternal blood! Let their last feeble and
lingering glance rather behold the glorious ensign of the Republic, now
known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its
arms and trophies streaming in their original lustre, not a stripe erased
or polluted, nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto no such
miserable interrogatory as — What is all this worth? — nor those other
words of delusion and folly — Liberty first and Union afterwards —
but everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on
all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in
every wind under the whole heavens, that other sentiment, dear to
every true American heart — Liberty and Union, now and forever, one
and inseparable. — Daniel Webster.

We cannot escape history. We of this Congress, and this admin-
istration will be remembered in spite of ourselves. No personal signifi-
cance or insignificance can spare one or another of us. The fiery trial
through which we pass will light us down in honor or dishonor to the
latest generation. We say that we are for the Union. The world will
not forget that we say this. We know how to save the Union. The
world knows we do know how to save it. We — even we here — hold
the power and bear the responsibility. In giving freedom to the slave,
we assure freedom to the free — honorable alike in what we give and
what we preserve. We shall nobly save or meanly lose the last hope
of earth. Other means may succeed; this could not, cannot, fail. This
way is plain, peaceful, generous, just — a way which, if followed, the
world will forever applaud, and God must forever bless. — Abraham Lin-
coln.

The nation has been at war, not within its own shores, but with a
foreign power, a war waged not for revenge or aggrandizement, but
for our oppressed neighbors, for their freedom and amelioration. It
was short, but decisive. It recorded a succession of significant victories

SELECTIONS ON THE UNION.

365

on land and on sea. It gave new honors to American arms. It has
brought new problems to the Republic, whose solution will tax the
genius of our people. United we will meet and solve them, with honor
to ourselves, and to the lasting benefit of all concerned. The war
brought us together; its settlement will keep us together.

Reunited! Glorious realization! It expresses the thought of my
mind, and the long deferred consummation of my heart's desire as I
stand in this presence. It interprets the hearty demonstration here
witnessed, and is the patriotic refrain of all sections and all lovers of the
Republic.

Reunited, one country again and one country forever. Proclaim it
from the press and pulpit; teach it in the schools; write it across the
skies. The world sees and feels it. It cheers every heart, North and
South, and brightens the life of every American home. Let nothing
ever strain it again. At peace with all the world and with each other,
what can stand in the pathway of our progress and prosperity? —
William McKinley.

UNION AND LIBERTY.

Flag of the heroes who left us their glory,

Borne through their battlefield's thunder and flame,
Blazoned in song and illumined in story,
Wave o'er us all who inherit their fame!

Up with our banner bright,

Sprinkled with starry light,
Spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore,

While through the sounding sky

Loud rings the Nation's cry,
Union and Liberty! One Evermore!

Light of our firmament, guide of our Nation,

Pride of her children, and honored afar,
Let the wide beams of thy full constellation

Scatter each cloud that would darken a star!

********

Lord of the Universe! Shield us and guide us,
Trusting Thee always, through shadow and sun!

Thou hast united us, who shall divide us?
Keep us, O keep us, the MANY IN ONE.

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

CITIZENSHIP.

SELECTIONS.

Citizens by birth or choice, of a common country, that country
has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of Ameri-
can, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always
exalt the just pride of patriotism, more than any appellation derived
from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you
have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You
have, in a common cause, fought and triumphed together. The inde-
pendence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings and successes.

>|C JjC 5fC 3j£ 5jC 5JC >JC

From the gallantry and fortitude of her citizens, under the auspices
of Heaven, America has derived her independence. To their indus-
try, and the natural advantages of the country, she is indebted for
her prosperous situation. From their virtue, she may expect long to
share the protection of a free and equal government, which their wis-
dom has established, and which experience justifies, as admirably
adapted to our social wants and individual felicity. — George Washington.

The virtue, moderation, and patriotism which marked the steps
of the American people, in framing, adopting, and thus far carrying
into effect our present system of government, have excited the admi-
ration of nations. It only now remains for us to act up to those
principles which should characterize a free and enlightened people,
that we may gain respect abroad, and insure happiness to ourselves
and our posterity. — George Washington.

To complete the American character, it remains for the citizens

of the United States to show to the world that the reproach heretofore

cast on Republican governments, for their want of stability, is without

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SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP. 367

foundation when that government is the deliberate choice of an enlight-
ened people. And I am fully persuaded that every well-wisher to the
happiness and prosperity of this country will evince, by his conduct,
that we live under a government of laws, and that, while we preserve
inviolate our national faith, we are desirous to live in amity with all
mankind. — George Washington.

There can be no such thing, in the highest sense, as a home, unless
you own it. There must be an incentive to plant trees, to beautify the
grounds, to preserve and improve. It elevates a man to own a home.
It gives a certain independence, a force of character, that is obtained
in no other way. Homes make patriots. He who has sat by his own
fireside, with wife and children, will defend it. Few men have been
patriotic enough to shoulder a musket in defense of a boarding-house.
The prosperity and glory of our country depend upon the number of
people who are the owners of homes.

A man does not vote in this country simply because he is rich;
he does not vote in this country simply because he has an education;
he does not vote simply because he has talent or genius; we say that
he votes because he is a man, and that he has his manhood to support;
and we admit in this country that nothing can be more valuable to
any human being than his manhood, and for that reason we put poverty
on an equality with wealth. If you are a German, remember that this
country is kinder to you than your fatherland, — no matter what coun-
try you came from, remember that this country is an asylum, and vote,
as in your conscience you believe you ought to vote, to keep this flag
in heaven. I beg every American to stand with that part of the coun-
try that believes in law, in freedom of speech, in an honest vote, in
civilization, in progress, in human liberty, and in universal justice. —
Robert G. Ingersoll.

It is the work of this generation to prove to the nineteenth cen-
tury, in the face of Christendom, and for the race, the fact that the
people do actually govern, and that what twenty millions of freemen

368

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

determine, shall be done. The American Republic must live! Popu-
lar commotion and partisan fury may dash their mad wars against it,
but they shall roll back shattered, spent. Persecution shall not shake
it, fanaticism disturb it, nor revolutions change it. But it shall stand
towering sublime, like the last mountain in the deluge, while the earth
rocks at its feet and the thunders peal over its head, — majestic, immu-
table, magnificent! — Wendell Phillips.

It is hard to believe that there is any necessity to warn Americans
that, when they seek to model themselves on the lines of other civiliza-
tions, they make themselves the butts of all right-thinking men; and
yet the necessity certainly exists to give this warning to many of our
citizens who pride themselves on their standing in the world of art
and letters, or, perchance, on what they would style their social leader-
ship in the community. We Americans can only do our alloted task
well if we face it steadily and bravely, seeing, but not fearing, the
dangers. Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder, not asking
as to the ancestry or creed of our comrades, but only demanding chat
they be in very truth Americans, and that we all work together, —
heart, hand, and head, — for the honor and the greatness of our com-
mon country. — Theodore Roosevelt.

In the efforts of the people — of the people struggling for their
rights — moving, not in organized disciplined masses, but in their spon-
taneous action, man for man and heart for heart, there is something
glorious. The people always conquer. They always must conquer.
Armies may be defeated, kings may be overthrown, and new dynasties
be imposed, by foreign arms on an ignorant and slavish race, that care
not in what language the covenant of their subjugation runs, nor in
whose name the deed of their barter and sale is made out. But the
people never invade; and, when they rise against the invader, are never
subdued. If they are driven from the plains, they fly to the moun-
tains. Steep rocks and everlasting hills are their castles; the tangled,
pathless thicket their palisade, and nature, God, is their ally. Now He
overwhelms the hosts of their enemies beneath His drifting mountains
of sand; now He buries them beneath a falling atmosphere of polar

SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP.

369

snows; He lets loose His tempests on their fleets; He puts a folly into
their counsels, a madness into the hearts of their leaders; and He never
gave, and never will give, a final triumph over a virtuous and gallant
people, resolved to be free. — Edward Everett.

The faith of our people in the stability and permanence of their
institutions was like their faith in the eternal course of nature. Peace,
liberty and personal security were blessings as common and universal
as sunshine and showers and fruitful seasons; and all sprang from a
single source, the principle declared in the Pilgrim Covenant of 1620,
that all owed due submission and obedience to the lawfully expressed
will of the majority. This is not one of the doctrines of our political
system, it is the system itself. It is our political firmament, in which
all other truths are set, as stars in the heaven. It is the encasing air,
the breath of the Nation's life. — James A. Garfield.

Have you thought what the government has cost? Do you real-
ize what free government means? Do you remember, as you have
read the story of ages gone, how the barons met at Runnymede? Do
you remember how they wrested a charter from the king? Do you
remember how the Ironsides went into battle? Do you remember
the psalm that rang out at the shock of the conflict? Do you remem-
ber Faneuil Hall, and Massachusetts, and John Hancock? Do you
remember Carpenter's Hall and Benjamin Franklin? Do you remem-
ber Virginia and George Washington? Do you remember what the
liberty we have has cost, and are you willing, because of fashion,
because of ease, because of social enjoyment, are you willing to let
the Republic get into the rapids simply because there are not strong
men straining at the oars and keeping us back in the midstream of
safety? — Stezvart L. Woodford.

The supreme glory of our heroism in the Civil War was founded
in the greatness of the common people. Do you tell me that they
were unknown — that they commanded no battalions, determined no
policies, sat in no military councils, rode at the head of no regiments?
Be it so. All the more are they the fitting representatives of you and
24

370 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

me — the people. Never in all history was there a war, whose aims,
whose policy, whose sacrifices were so absolutely determined by the
people, that great body of the unknown, in which, after all, lay the
strength and power of the Republic. When some one reproached
Lincoln for the seeming hesitancy of his policy, he answered, " I stand
for the people. I am going just as fast and as far as I can feel them
behind me." — Henry C. Potter.

I can most religiously aver, I have no wish that is incompatible
with the dignity, happiness, and true interest of the people of this
country. My ardent desire is, and my aim has been, so far as depended
upon the Executive Department, to comply strictly with all our engage-
ment, foreign and domestic: but to keep the United States free from
political connections with every other country, to see them independent
of all, and under the influence of none. In a word, I want an Ameri-
can Character, that the powers of Europe may be convinced we act
for ourselves, and not for others. This, in my judgment, is the only
way to be respected abroad, and happy at home. — George Washington.

There was never a time when we had a right to feel prouder of
our country. We take, every ten years, a census of our material
advancement. I wish we might take, once in a while, a census of
brave deeds and brave thoughts; a census which would show the prog-
ress of the people of our Republic in heroism, in patriotism, in the
instinct of honor, in the sense of duty. I know that our history at this
hour is full of good hope.

There never was a people who, as to the great subjects of public
conduct, were actuated by a finer, by a profounder sense of duty and
a clearer sense of justice than the people of the United States in this
generation and at this hour. — George F. Hoar.

We shall never be successful over the dangers that confront us;
we shall never achieve true greatness, nor reach the lofty ideal which

SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP. 37I

the founders and preservers of our mighty Federal Republic have set
before us, unless we are Americans in heart and soul, in spirit and
purpose, keenly alive to the responsibility implied in the very name
of American, and proud beyond measure of the glorious privilege of
bearing it. — Theodore Roosevelt.

We know as well as any other class of American citizens where
our duties belong. We will work for our country in time of peace
and fight for it in time of war, if a time of war should ever come. When
I say our country, I mean, of course, our adopted country. I mean
the United States of America. After passing through the crucible
of naturalization we are no longer Germans; we are Americans. Our
attachment to America cannot be measured by the length of our resi-
dence here. We are Americans from the moment we touch the Ameri-
can shore until we are laid in American graves. We will fight for
America whenever necessary. America, first, last, and all the time.
America against Germany, America against the world; America, right
or wrong; always America. We are Americans.— Richard Guenther, of
Wisconsin, in a speech at the time of the Samoan trouble.

Men who wish to work for decent politics must work practically,
and yet must not swerve from their devotion to a high ideal. They
must actually do things, and not merely confine themselves to criticis-
ing those who do them. They must work disinterestedly, and appeal
to the disinterested element in others, although they must also do work
which will result in the material betterment of the community. They
must act as Americans through and through, in spirit and hope and
purpose, and, while being disinterested, unselfish and generous in their
dealings with others, they must also show that they possess the essen-
tial manly virtues of energy, of resolution, and of indomitable personal
courage. — Theodore Roosevelt.

Citizenship has its duties as well as its privileges. The first is
that we give our energies and influence to the enactment of just, equal
and beneficent laws. The second is like unto it: that we loyally rever-

372 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

ence and obey the will of the majority, whether we are of the majority
or not; the law throws the aegis of its protection over us all. There
is an open avenue through the ballot-box for the modification or
repeal of laws that are unjust or oppressive. To the law we bow with
reverence. It is the one king that commands our allegiance. — Benja-
min Harrison.

Constitutions do not make people; people make constitutions.
Our constitution is great and admirable, because the men who made
it were so and the people who ratified it and have lived under it were
and are brave, intelligent, and lovers of liberty. There is a higher
sanction and a surer protection to life and liberty, to the right of free
speech and trial by jury, to justice and humanity, in the traditions,
the beliefs, the habits of mind, and the character of the American peo-
ple than any which can be afforded by any constitution, no matter how
wisely drawn. If the American people were disposed to tyranny, injus-
tice and oppression, a constitution would offer but a temporary barrier
to their ambitions, and the reverence for the constitution, and for law
and justice, grows out of the fact that the American people believe in
freedom and humanity, in equal justice to all men and in equal rights
before the law, and while they so believe the great doctrine of the
Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution will never be in
peril. — Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech on the adoption of the Spanish-
American Treaty, United States Senate, January 24, 1899.

Let reverence of the law be breathed by every mother to the lisping
babe that prattles on her lap; let it be taught in schools, seminaries, and
colleges; let it be written in primers, spelling-books, and almanacs; let
it be preached from pulpits, and proclaimed in legislative halls, and
enforced in courts of justice; in short, let it become the political religion
of the Nation. — Abraham Lincoln.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM
QUOTATIONS

PROSE AND POETRY

OUR COUNTRY.

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OUR COUNTRY.
QUOTATIONS.

The glorious Union is our world. — Daniel S. Dickinson.

Our Country — the strongest, richest, freest, happiest of the nations of the earth.
— George F. Hoar.

Valor's home and Freedom's lov'd retreat!

— William Leggett.

One country, one Constitution, one destiny.— Daniel Webster.

The glorious Union our fathers gave us till time shall be no more. — Reverdy
Johnson.

Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy Country's,
Thy God's and Truth's.

— William Shakespeare.

Never was a people so advantageously situated for working out the great prob-
lem of human liberty.— Henry A. Boordman.

The American Nation! Its men are as brave, energetic and dauntless as they are
honest. — Nicholas, Czar of Russia.

O land! of every land the best,

O land! whose glory shall increase.

— Phoebe Cary.

An indissoluble Union of indestructible States, one flag, one country, one destiny!
— Daniel Webster.

I am an American; I know no country but America, and no locality in America
that is not my country. — Daniel Webster.

The blue arch above us is Liberty's dome,
The green fields beneath us, Equality's home.

— Hezekiah Butterworth.

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376

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The people's government; made for the people; made by the people; and answer-
able to the people. — Daniel Webster.

We are Americans, we will live Americans and we will die Americans.— Daniel
Webster.

Freedom's soul has only place
For a free and fearless race.

— John G. Whittier.

Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder for the honor and the greatness
of our country.— Theodore Roosevelt.

There never existed an example before of a free community spreading over such
an extent of territory. — John C. Calhoun.

Here began the kingdom not of kings, but men;
Began the making of the world again.

— John Boyle O'Reilly.

Here the people govern. Here they act by their immediate representatives.—
Alexander Hamilton.

In our federal relations I know but one section, one union, one flag, one govern-
ment.— Daniel S. Dickinson.

We're bound by mutual ties,

No hostile hands are ours,
From where Maine's snowy mountains rise,

To the fair land of flowers.

— William L. Shoemaker.

We are to constitute all together, North, South, East, West, one government.
— Hilary A. Herbert.

The best son of his country is he who gives the best manhood to his country —
Anon.

Hail, America, hail! the glory of lands!

To thee high honors are given,
Thy stars shall blaze till the moon veil her rays,

And the sun lose his pathway in heaven.

— Jonathan M. Sewell.

OUR COUNTRY. 377

The love of my country will be the ruling influence of my conduct. — George
Washington.

One God, one country, one destiny. This is the gospel of American nationality.
— Wendell Phillips.

Our country is a goodly land;

We'll keep her always whole and hale;
We'll love her, live for her, or die;

To fall for her is not to fail.

— Francis Lieber.

Every good citizen makes his country's honor his own, and cherishes it not only
as precious, but as sacred. — Andrew Jackson.

I know no North, no South, no East, no West to which I owe any allegiance. —
Henry Clay.

My country! ay, thy sons are proud,

True heirs of freedom's glorious dower,
For never here has knee been bowed

In homage to a mortal power.

— Mrs. Sarah J. Hale.

Let every man that lives and owns himself an American take the side of true
American principles. — Henry Ward Beecher.

The heritage of American youth is equal opportunities in a land of equal rights. —
William L. Wilson.

Columbia! First and fairest gem
On Nature's brow — a diadem
Whose lustre, bright as heavenly star,
The light of Freedom sheds afar.

— P. S. Gilmore.

Every American should be proud of his whole country, rather than a part. —
William Tecumseh Sherman.

We of this generation and nation, occupy the Gibraltar of the ages which com-
mands the world's future. — Josiah Strong.

The nation Thou hast blest

May well Thy love declare
From foes and fears at rest,

Protected by Thy care.

— Francis Scott Key.

378

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Territory is but the body of a nation. The people who inhabit its hills and
its valleys are its soul, its spirit, its life.— James A. Garfield.

Of the whole sum of human life no small part is that which consists of a man's
relations to his country and his feelings concerning it.— William Ewart Gladstone.

Land of the West — beneath the heaven
There's not a fairer, lovelier clime;
Nor one to which was ever given
A destiny more high, sublime.

— W.D. Gallagher.

Without Union our independence and liberty would never have been achieved;
without Union they cannot be maintained. — Andrew Jackson.

Liberty has a more extensive and durable foundation in the United States than
it ever has had in any other age or country.— George McDulhe.

O! make Thou us through centuries long,

In peace secure, in justice strong;
Around our gift of freedom draw

The safeguards of Thy righteous law.

— John G. Whittier.

Driven from every other corner of the earth, freedom of thought and the right
of private judgment in matters of conscience direct their course to this happy country
as their last asylum. — Samuel Adams.

The Fathers of the Republic, in their almost inspiration, saw clearly that a gov-
ernment to be enduring and free must be a Union, not of States, but of the people,
and they fashioned their work accordingly. — Roscoe Conkling.

Their country first, their glory and their pride,
Land of their hopes, land where their fathers died,
When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright,
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right.

— James T. Fields.

May this immense Temple of Freedom ever stand a lesson to oppressors, an
example to the oppressed, a sanctuary for the rights of mankind.— Marquis de
Lafayette.

OUR COUNTRY. 379

No words can depict, no pen can describe, the wonderful variety, richness,
grandeur and beauty which the Almighty has stamped upon this, our favored land.—
John Sherman.

O Nation great, State linked to State, in bonds that none can break,
From ocean unto ocean, from Gulf to northern lake!
State linked to State, fate linked to fate, in mart and mint and mine,
In rolling plain of golden grain, in toss of plumy pine.

— Kate D. Sherwood.

Now every man, woman and child is raised to the dignity of an American free-
man, and that bright, triumphant banner of liberty now floats proudly over every
foot of American soil.— /. C. Parker.

We are all one, and we will maintain our nation as it was handed down to us,
the most priceless heritage that ever sons inherited.— Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. A.

* * * drifted past the storm of war

To isles of peaceful calm,
The lakes give greetings to the sea,

The pine unto the palm.

— Arthur Dyer.

The worth of valor, the beauty of endurance, the grandeur of self-denial and the
sacredness of honor — for all of these our flag is the symbol, our Union the flower,
our Nation the synonym.— Elbridge S. Brooks.

The kindred blood which flows in the veins of American citizens, the mingled
blood which they have shed in defense of their sacred rights, consecrate their Union.
— fames Madison.

* * * our Country shall be

Unshaken in strength and unsullied in name —

And from the broad center all around to the sea
Shall millions inherit her power and fame.

— /. D. Van Dusee.

Let us strive to aid and advance the liberty of the world by patriotic fidelity and
devotion in upholding, illustrating and advocating our own free institutions.— Robert
C. Winthrop.

Our very air is instinct with freedom. Every inhalation on American soil is
fraught with American ideas. It is impossible for sane people to live in this country
and not become Americans.— Edmund J. Wolf.

3«o

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

The breath of heaven is here!
One draught can make the slave and master one!
The grace of liberty softens year by year,
And in a richer flood the stream of life flows on.

— Maurice Thompson.

Let it be Patriotism first, last, and always; Patriotism in the history, in the
reading lesson; in the general exercises; in the flags that adorn the school-room. —
Albert E. Winship.

Our chief glory arises from the general welfare of our people, their contentment
with their institutions, their enlightenment, and their general advancement in the vir-
tues of Christian civilization — John Adams Kasson.

Daughter of Liberty! queen of the world!

Fairest of all earth's fair nations, arise!
Let thy bright banners and flags be unfurled;

Send thy glad voice to the uttermost skies!

— Anon.

We cannot more effectually labor for the good of all men, than by pledging heart.,,
brain and hands to the service of keeping our country true to its mission, obedient
to its idea. — Thomas Starr King.

We are One by the configuration of nature and by the strong impress of art.
We are One by the memories of our fathers. We are One by the hopes of our
children. We are One by our Constitution and our Union. — Robert C. Winthrop.

To her we owe
All that of happiness we know;
Justice, and Law's protecting care,
The rights of freemen everywhere.

— W. IV. Caldwell.

The nation depends not on the wisdom of its senators, not on the vigilance of
its police, not on the strong arm of its standing armies: but on the loyalty of a united
people.— Parke Godwin.

We are a Republic whereof one man is as good as another before the law. Un-
der such a form of government, it is of the greatest importance that all should be
possessed of education and intelligence. — Ulysses S. Grant.

OUR COUNTRY. 381

We know no North, nor South, nor West;

One Union binds us all;
Its stars and stripes are o'er us flung —

'Neath them we'll stand or fall.

— Anon.

That we live in the enjoyment of the fruits of our labors, that we live at all,
perhaps, or live girt about by the blessings of civilization, we owe, under Providence,
to our country. Let us prove ourselves true sons and daughters of such a mother.—
Epes Sargent.

This is what I call the American idea of freedom — a government of all the
people, by all the people, for all the people; of course a government of the principles
of eternal justice — the unchanging law of God.— Theodore Parker, D. D.

Oh the land of our Union! it sweetens the morn

With the fragrance of orchards, the sunshine of corn:

In its beautiful bosom the fountains are sure,

And the gold of its furrows is wealth to the poor:

And the children of exile as kindred may toil

In the vineyards of freedom with sons of the soil.

— Anon.

Freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of the person under the
protection of the habeas corpus, these are the principles that have guided our steps
through an age of revolution and reformation. — Thomas Jefferson.

Our country — whether bounded by the St. John's and the Sabine, or however
otherwise bounded or described, and be the measurements more or less;— still our
country, to be cherished in all our hearts, to be defended by all our hands.— Robert
C. Winthrop.

Father, whose mighty power
Shields us through life's short hour,

To Thee we pray,— bless us and keep us free;
All that is past forgive:
Teach us henceforth to live

That through our country we may honor Thee.

— Marion Crawford.

If this country is to reach the full development which we believe to be possible,
it must be by maintaining in all its integrity the Constitution which our fathers
framed, and in giving steadfast and uncalculating support to the Union which they
formed.— Hugh S. Thompson.

382

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

God's mercy will still lead our country on. On under the dearest flag that
freemen ever bore. On in the broad sunshine of liberty, equality, and justice. On
to the inspiring music of the Union. On along the grand highway of the Nation's
glory to the future of our country's hope. — John M. Thurston.

Long as thine Art shall love true love,

Long as thy Science truth shall know,
Long as thy Eagle harms no Dove,

Long as thy Law by law shall grow,
Long as thy God is God above,

Thy Brother every man below,
So long dear Land of all my love

Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow!

— Sidney Lanier.

THE NOBILITY OF LABOR.

Prefatory Note.— In the life ol the nation, true Patriotism and
honest Labor are very closely allied. Then why not upon the printed
page?

Only a few years ago, the State of New York recognized the cause
of labor by making the first Monday in September of each year a
legal holiday, called " Labor Day." On that day hundreds of thousands
of the toilers of the great Empire State march in procession with flags
flying and bands playing, — and then away for an afternoon of games
and sports! And every on-looker feels not only that " the laborer is
worthy of his hire," but of his holiday.

Moreover, the laborer is worthy not only of his hire and holiday,
but of the best education for his children, and the best protection for
himself and his family which the State can give! For without his
faithful toil, the white Sails of Commerce would soon desert the seas;
the Wheels of Trade would clog and stop — and the National Govern-
ment itself stand still. There is no better patriot in the land than the
strong-handed, true-hearted laborer.

SELECTIONS.

Honest labor wears a lovely face.

— Thos. Dekker (died 1641).

If all the year were playing holidays,

To sport would be as tedious as to work.

From toil he wins his spirits light,
From busy day the peaceful night;
Rich from the very want of wealth,
In Heaven's best treasures, peace and health.

— Shakspere.

Gray.

As for bidding me not work, Molly might as well put the kettle on the fire, and
say, "Now, don't boil I" — Sir Walter Scott.

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3^4

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

FROM WHITTIER'S " SONGS OF LABOR."

Harkl roars the bellows, blast on blast,

The sooty smithy jars,
And fire-sparks, rising far and fast,

Are fading with the stars.
All day for us the smith shall stand

Beside that flashing forge;
All day for us his heavy hand

The groaning anvil scourge.

From far-off hills, the panting team

For us is toiling near;
For us the raftsman down the stream

Their island barges steer.
Rings out for us the axe-man's stroke

In forests old and still,—
For us the century-circled oak

Falls crashing down his hill.

— From " The Ship-Builders."

Cheerly, on the axe of labor,

Let the sunbeams dance,
Better than the flash of sabre

Or the gleam of lance!
Strike! — with every blow is given

Freer sun and sky,
And the long-hid earth to heaven

Looks, with wondering eye.

— From " The Lumbermen."

Rap, rap! upon the well-worn stone

How falls the polished hammer!
Rap, rap! the measured sound has grown

A quick and merry clamor.
Now shape the sole! now deftly curl

The glossy vamp around it,
And bless the while the bright-eyed girl

Whose gentle fingers bound it.

— From " The Shoemakers."

THE NOBILITY OF LABOR.

385

Here we'll drop our lines, and gather

Old Ocean's treasures in,
Where'er the mottled mackerel

Turns up a steel-dark fin.
The sea's our field of harvest,

Its scaly tribes our grain;
We'll reap the teeming waters

As at home they reap the plain!

— From " The Fishermen."

There wrought the busy harvesters; and many a creaking wain
Bore slowly to the long barn-floor its load of husk and grain;
Till broad and red, as when he rose, the sun sank down at last,
And, like a merry guest's farewell, the day in brightness passed.

— From " The Huskers."

The gentleman, sir, has misconceived the spirit and tendency of
Northern institutions. He is ignorant of Northern character. He
has forgotten the history of his country. Preach insurrection to the
Northern laborers! Who are the Northern laborers? The history of
your country is their history. The renown of your country is their
renown. The brightness of their doings is emblazoned on its every page.
Blot from your annals the words and doings of Northern laborers, and
the history of your country presents but a universal blank. Sir, who was
he that disarmed the Thunderer, wrested from his grasp the bolts of
Jove; calmed the troubled ocean; became the central sun of the philo-
sophical system of his age, shedding his brightness and effulgence on
the whole civilized world; whom the great and mighty of the earth
delighted to honor; who participated in the achievement of your inde-
pendence, prominently assisted in molding your free institutions, and
the beneficial effects of whose wisdom will be felt to the last moment
of " recorded time? " Who, sir, I ask, was he? A Northern laborer, —
a Yankee tallow-chandler's son — a printer's runaway boy. — Charles
Naylor.

And who let me ask the honorable gentleman, who was he that,
in the days of our Revolution, led the Northern army, — yes, an army
of Northern laborers, — and aided the chivalry of South Carolina in their
defence against British aggression, drove the spoilers from their fire-
sides, and redeemed her fair fields from foreign invaders? Who was he?
2.S

386

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

A Northern laborer, a Rhode Island blacksmith, — the gallant General
Greene, — who left his hammer and his forge, and went forth conquer-
ing and to conquer in the battle for our independence! And will you
preach insurrection to men like these? — Nay lor.

Sir, our country is full of the achievements of Northern laborers.
Where is Concord, and Lexington, and Princeton, and Trenton, and
Saratoga, and Bunker Hill, but in the North? And what, sir, has shed
an imperishable renown on the never-dying names of those hallowed
spots, but the blood and the struggles, the high daring, and patriotism,
and sublime courage, of Northern laborers? The whole North is an
everlasting monument of the freedom, virtue, intelligence, and indom-
itable independence, of Northern laborers. Go, sir, go preach insurrec-
tion to men like these! — Naylor.

LABOR IS WORSHIP.

"Labor is worship!" — the robin is singing;
"Labor is worship!" — the wild bee is ringing:
Listen! that eloquent whisper up-springing

Speaks to thy soul from out Nature's great heart.
From the dark cloud flows the life-giving shower;
From the rough sod blows the soft-breathing flower;
From the small insect, the rich coral bower;
Only man, in the plan, shrinks from his part.

Labor is life! ' Tis the still water faileth;

Idleness ever despaireth, bewaileth;

Keep the watch wound, for the dark rust assaileth;

Flowers droop and die in the stillness of noon.
Labor is glory! — the flying cloud lightens;
Only the waving wing changes and brightens;
Idle hearts only the dark future frightens;

Play the sweet keys, would'st thou keep them in tune!

Labor is health! Lo! the husbandman reaping,
How through his veins goes the life-current leaping!
How his strong arm, in its stalwart pride sweeping,

True as a sunbeam, the swift sickle guides!
Work for some good, be it ever so slowly;
Cherish some flower, be it ever so lowly
Labor! all labor is noble and holy;

Let thy great deeds be thy prayer to thy God!

— By Frances S. Osgood.

THE NOBILITY OF LABOR. 387

THE WORK-SHOP AND THE CAMP.

The Camp has had its day of song:

The sword, the bayonet, the plume,
Have crowded out of rhyme too long

The plough, the anvil, and the loom!
O, not upon our tented fields

Are Freedom's heroes bred alone;
The training of the Work-shop yields

More heroes true than war has known!

Who drives the bolt, who shapes the steel,

May, with a heart as valiant, smite,
As he who sees a foeman reel

In blood before his blow of might!
Let Labor, then, look up and see

His craft no pith of honor lacks; .
The soldier's rifle yet shall be

Less honored than the woodman's axe!

When the great obelisk, brought from Egypt in 1586, was erected
in the square of St. Peter's in Rome, the tackle was all arranged for the
delicate and perilous work. To make all safe and prevent the possi-
bility of accident from any sudden cry or alarm, a papal edict had
proclaimed death to any man who should utter a loud word, till the
engineer had given the order that all risk was passed.

As the majestic monolith moved up, the populace closed in. The
square was crowded with admiring eyes and beating hearts. Slowly
that crystalization of Egyptian sweat rises on its base — five degrees,
ten degrees, fifteen, twenty— there are signs of faltering. No matter
— no voice — silence. It moves again — twenty-five, thirty, forty,
forty-three — it stops! See! Those hempen cables which like faithful
servants have obeyed the mathematician have suddenly received an
order from God not to hold that base steady another instant on those
terms. The obedient masons look at each other, — silent, — and then
watch the threatening masses of stone. Among the crowd, silence, —
silence everywhere, obedience to law, — and the sun shone on the
stillness and despair.

3§8

MANUAL OF FAT RIOT ISM.

Suddenly from out of the breathless throng rang a cry, clear as
the archangel's trumpet, — " Wet the ropes!" The crowd turned to
look. Tiptoe on a post, in a jacket of homespun, his eyes full of
prophetic fire, stood a zvorkman of the people. His words flashed like
lightning and struck. From the engineer to his lowest assistant the
cry had instant obedience. Water was dashed on the cables; they bit
fiercely into the granite; the windlasses were manned once more, and
the obelisk rose to its place and took its stand for centuries. — Adapted.

What tho' on hamely fare we dine,

Wear hoddin gray, and a' that;
Gie fools their silks, and knaves their wine,

A man's a man for a' that!

For a' that, and a' that,

Their tinsel show, and a' that;
The honest man, though e'er sae poor,

Is king o' men for a' that.

Then let us pray that come it may —

As come it will for a' that —
That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth,

May bear the gree, and a' that;

For a' that, and a' that,

It's comin' yet, for a' that,
That man to man, the warld o'er,

Shall brothers be for a' that!

— Robert Burns.

Ashamed to toil, art thou? Ashamed of thy dingy work-shop and
dusty labor-field; of thy hard hand, scarred with service more honor-
able than that of war; of thy soiled and weather-stained garments, on
which mother Nature has embroidered, midst sun and rain, midst fire
and steam, her own heraldic honors? Ashamed of these tokens and
titles, and envious of the flaunting robes of imbecile idleness and vanity?
It is treason to Nature,— it is impiety to Heaven, — it is breaking
Heaven's great ordinance. Toil, I repeat — toil,— either of the brain,
of the heart, or of the hand, is the only true manhood, the only true
nobility ! — Orville Dewey.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

It is believed that pupils may become interested in the study of
American history by presenting for their study and investigation its
important events on the anniversaries of their occurrence. Experi-
enced teachers recognize the value of having at hand a few dates
around which may be grouped a number of facts with sufficient
accuracy to preserve that sequence of events so necessary to the study
of history. What dates should be remembered is not particularly es-
sential, and each pupil may largely be allowed to choose those which
interest him personally or are in some way connected with his indi-
vidual experiences.

The following arrangement of dates has been compiled for use in
morning exercises in schools, in the belief that if used intelligently
such exercises will materially aid the avowed purpose of this volume
in stimulating an intelligent patriotism, through a knowledge of
events that have been influential in shaping the development of our
country to its present marvelous greatness and have added to its
acknowledged prestige.

The references have, so far as possible, been chosen from works
easily accessible, but they may always be supplemented to advantage
by the alert and enterprising teacher. Either a class or a particular
pupil chosen for the work should carefully study the history relating
to the event which is the subject of a morning exercise, preparatory
to its presentation, and should, under the direction of the teacher,
provide short recitations or quotations supplementary to those given
in connection with the several dates. Abundant material may be
obtained from the excellent selections given in this volume.

It is suggested that pupils whose birthdays are the same as the
anniversary of an event which is the subject of a morning exercise
should be chosen to take part therein. It is also suggested that morn-
ing exercises should be limited to fifteen minutes.

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39°

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

In the arrangement, September has been placed first in order to
correspond substantially with the opening of the schools of our State.
As the dates in any given list must differ materially in importance,
those of greater moment in the list presented have been printed in
black-face type in order that they may be readily distinguished from
others of minor importance but still of interest locally or in connection
with other school work.

Believing that the faithful and efficient teaching force of the State
will find much that is helpful in the material submitted, I unhesitat-
ingly commit to their care the great interests which this particular
work, as well as this entire volume, is intended to promote.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

September i, 1675. — Attack on Hadley.

The Indians under Philip attacked Hadley. Most of the garrison were absent.
Moreover it was a feast day, and the people were in the meeting-house when
the alarm was given. The colonists were almost driven back when Goffe, the
regicide, suddenly appeared, led the troops, repulsed the Indians, and as sud-
denly disappeared.

References:
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

September 2, 1864. — Capture of Atlanta.

General Sherman, by a series of masterly movements, compelled the Con-
federates to retreat, and after crossing the almost inaccessible country between
Chattanooga and Atlanta, finally succeeded in capturing the important military
center, Atlanta, the most important strategic point in possession of the Con-
federates in the southeast.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

September 3, 1783. — Treaty of peace signed at Paris. (This treaty
marked the close of the Revolutionary War.)

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
History of the United States, vol. X. — Bancroft.
Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham.

Appropriate Selections:

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Revolution, from David Ramsay's
History of the American Revolution.

September 5, 1774. — First Continental Congress.

The first Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, Septem-
ber 5, 1774. Every colony except Georgia was represented, and the delegates
were the ablest politicians of the colonies. Its chief work was the adoption of
a Declaration of Rights, and the establishment of the American Association.

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392 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References.'

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.
American History Leaflets, No. n.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

" The Continental Congress and its Doings." — Edmund Olliver.
" The First American Congress." — Maxey.

Selection:

" When liberty is the prize, who would shun the warfare, who would stoop
to waste a coward thought on life? We esteem no sacrifice too great, no con-
flict too severe, to redeem our inestimable rights and privileges. 'Tis for you,
brethren, for ourselves, for our united posterity, we hazard all; and permit us
humbly to hope that such a measure of vigilance, fortitude, and perseverance
will still be afforded us that, by patiently suffering and nobly doing, we may
eventually secure that more precious than Hesperian fruit, the golden apples of
freedom. We see the hand of heaven in the rapid and wonderful union of the
colonies; and that generous and universal emulation to prevent the sufferings
of the people of this place gives a prelibation of the cup of deliverance. May
unerring Wisdom dictate the measures to be recommended by the Congress;
may a smiling God conduct this people through the thorny paths of difficulty
and finally gladden our hearts with success."

Septembers, 1887. — Labor Day first observed in the State of New
York.

September 7, 1888. — Congress prohibited Chinese immigration.

September 8, 1565. — Founding of St. Augustine.

On the eighth of September, 1565, Don Pedro Menendez, a Spaniard, com-
menced to lay the foundation of St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest town in the
United States.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Narrative and Critical History of the United States.— Winsor.
Pioneers of France in the New World.— Parkman.
Discovery of America. — Fiske.

September 9, 1850. — California admitted to the Union.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 093

September 10, 1813. — -Battle of Lake Erie.

Perry, in command of the American ships, met a British fleet of six ships,
and a hard-fought battle of four hours ensued. The result was a brilliant victory
for the Americans; it established their naval supremacy on Lake Erie, Detroit
was evacuated by the British, the Indians of Michigan were intimidated. Perry's
motto for the day was Lawrence's dying words: " Don't give up the ship," and
his message to Harrison after the victory, " We have met the enemy and they
are ours."

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the Navy. — Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper.
History of the Battle of Lake Erie. — Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections :

Selection from ■ The Second War between England and the United States. —
Headley.

September 11, 1777. — Battle of Brandy wine Creek.

At the landing of Howe's fleet at Chesapeake Bay, Washington marched to
Brandywine to make a stand for Philadelphia, but superior numbers and
stratagem gave the enemy the victory. W'hile the Americans were being at-
tacked from the front, a part of the British forces secretly fell upon them in the
rear and routed them.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

September n, 18 14. — Battle of Plattsburg and McDonough's victory.

A large British army advanced from Canada to attack Plattsburg, and at the
same time their fleet, commanded by Commodore Donnie, began an attack upon
the American fleet under Commodore McDonough, then lying in the bay of
Plattsburg. Both land and naval contests were sharp and decisive. All the
British vessels, with the exception of some galleys, were captured, while the
army hastily retreated.

References:

History of the Navy. — Maclay.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

-94 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

September 13, 1759.— Taking of Quebec.

The great object of the campaign of 1759 was the reduction of Canada.
General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga
and Crown Point, and then co-operate with Wolfe; and General Prideaux was
to capture Niagara and Montreal and then join Amherst.

During July, Niagara surrendered, and Johnson, successor to Prideaux, in-
stead of going to Montreal, made his way to Albany. The French abandoned
both Ticonderoga and Crown Point without striking a blow, and Amherst went
into winter quarters, failing Wolfe. With 8,000 men Wolfe ascended the St.
Lawrence and landed his army on the isle of Orleans. On July 31st, he made
a daring, through unsuccessful, attempt upon the French intrenchments at Mont-
morencie, near Quebec. Not discouraged by the disaster, the English continued
the struggle, and finally effected a landing at night about two miles above the
city, and, climbing the steep banks of the river, by daybreak on September 13th,
stood on the Plains of Abraham, in battle array. This battle virtually decided
the French and Indian war, and the supremacy of the English in America.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

Taking of Quebec and Death of Wolfe. — Parkman.
Elegy in a Country Churchyard. — Gray.

September 13, 18 14. — Bombardment of Fort McHenry, Baltimore.

After the burning of Washington, Ross started to attack Baltimore, but was
slain on the way. His forces, checked for a time by the militia, prepared to co-
operate with a fleet of sixteen vessels. But Fort McHenry hindered the advance
of the fleet, and after a twenty-four hours' bombardment the British with-
drew.

References:

History of the Navy. — Maclay.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

Appropriate Selections:

The Star Spangled Banner. — Key.

The Flag of Washington.— F. W. Gillett.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 395

September 14, 1807.— Fulton first ascended the Hudson by steam
power.

This experiment was the beginning of the revolution in methods of navigation.

September 14, 1847.— Occupation of the City of Mexic0-

The approaches to the City of Mexico were strongly guarded by batteries and
troops, but by perseverance and daring all were overcome, and Santa Anna and
his army fled.

September 14, 1847, " General Scott, at the head of the American troops, made
a triumphal entry into the city."

References:

History of the Mexican War— Mansfield.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Battles of the United States.— Dawson.
Our Country. — Lossing.
War with Mexico.— R. S. Ripley.

Appropriate Selections:

Selection from Mansfield's History of the Mexican War.

September 15, 1789. — James Fenimore Cooper born.
Selections from:

The Spy.

The Deerslayer.

The Pathfinder.

September 16, 1776.— Battle of Harlem Plains.

While Washington's army was in New York, after the retreat from Long
Island, it was decided to fortify Harlem Heights. Here the Americans were
attacked by a strong detachment of British, and after a severe skirmish, were
victorious.

References :

The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Battles of the Revolution.— Carrington.
Battles of the United States.— Dawson.

September 16, 1823.— Francis Parkman born.
Selections from:

The Conspiracy of Pontiac.

France and England in North America — A Series of Historical Narratives.

396

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

September 17, 1787. — Adoption of the National Constitution at Phila-
delphia.

A stronger government than that provided for by the articles of confederation
which had formerly held the colonies together, was found necessary, and a con-
vention met at Philadelphia in May, 1787, to formulate a constitution.

References:

Critical Period of American History. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.

1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

The Building of the Ship. — Longfellow.
Insufficiency of the Confederation. — Hamilton.
See Dexter Smith, p. 318.

September 17, 1862. — Battle of Antietam.

Taking advantage of the weak condition of the Union army, the Confederates,
under General Lee, marched towards Washington, but were confronted by the
forces of Generals Bank and Pope. These generals were defeated, the latter in
the second battle of Bull Run (August 29th and 30th); and Lee crossed the
Potomac into Maryland. Meanwhile McClellan had been recalled from the
James, and, having assumed the command of the army in Maryland, defeated
Lee in the battle of South Mountain and in the greater conflict of Antietam
(September 17). Lee at once withdrew across the Potomac, but McClellan
made no pursuit and in November was superseded by Burnside.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selections:

Barbara Frietchie. — Whittier.

The Conflict at Antietam. — Lossing.

September 18, 1793. — Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

397

September i8> 1793. — President Washington laid the corner-stone of
the National Capitol.
See " The Capitol," p. 51.

September 19, 1777. — First battle of Stillwater (Saratoga), or battle of
Bemis Heights.

Under Arnold's and Kosciusko's direction, Gates had fortified Bemis Heights,
a point which Burgoyne must cross on his way to Albany. The British, recog-
nizing the necessity of pushing on, began the attack at once. The contest was
ended by darkness, each side claiming the victory. Although the British re-
mained on the field, their advance to Albany was stopped. The American loss
equaled about half that of the British.

References :
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selection:

The Right of the Line. See p. 20.

September 19, 1863. — Battle of Chickamauga.

In June, 1863, Rosecrans again undertook the task of capturing Chattanooga,
but succeeded only so far as to compel Bragg to abandon the place. On
September 19th, the Confederates under General Bragg suddenly attacked the
Union forces under General Rosecrans at Chickamauga, and nearly routed
them. But here, as at Murfreesboro, General George H. Thomas saved the day
by holding the center of the Union position.

References:

Battles antl Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selections :

Rosecrans and the Chickamauga Company — Major William J. Richards, in
War Papers.

September 19, 1881. — Garfield died. Arthur became President.
September 20, 1697. — Peace of Ryswick, ending King William's war.
September 20, 1703. — Beginning of Queen Anne's war.

-ng manual of patriotism.

September 22, 1780. — Meeting of Arnold and Andre.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
1776. — Lossing.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Diary of the American Revolution. — Moore.

The Treason of Arnold, by Jared Sparks in Half-Hours with American His-
tory, by Morris.

Appropriate Selections:

Execution of Major Andre, in Letter to Lawrens, by Alexander Hamilton,

in Anderson's United States Reader.
Andre's Last Request. — Willis.

Benedict Arnold.— Garden. See Anderson's United States Reader.
75 I was born in America, I lived there to the prime of my life; but alas, I can

call no man in America my friend." — Arnold.

September 23, 1779.— Paul Jones' naval victory.

Paul Jones, with a smajl squadron, encountered two British frigates and a
merchant fleet off the coast of Great Britain. Jones lashed his flagship, The
Bon Homme Richard, to the British ship Serapis and one of the most desperate
of sea-fights ensued, lasting from seven until ten, when the frigates struck their
flags. It was the first naval victory won under the American flag.

References :

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

1776.— Lossing.

History of the Navy of the United States of America. — Cooper.

American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart.

Life of Paul Jones. — Mackenzie.

History of the Navy. — Maclay.

September 24, 1669. — Fort Orange surrendered to the English and was
renamed Albany.

September 24, 1846. — Surrender of Monterey.

After a series of assaults by General Taylor's troops, Monterey capitulated, a
city strong in natural defenses and furthermore garrisoned by ten thousand
troops. The American force was far inferior.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 3qq

References:

Battles of the United States.— Dawson.
Our Country. — Lossing.
War with Mexico.— R. S. Ripjey.
History of the Mexican War.— Mansfield.

Appropriate Selections :

The Martyr of Monterey.— Rev. J. G. Lyons.
Monterey.— Charles F. Hoffman, p. 324.

September 24, 1869.— "Black Friday" in New York.

On the 24th of September, 1869, there was a terrific panic in the gold-room
on Wall street, New York, when a few conspirators held nearly all the gold in
this country, and would give it out only at ruinous prices. A telegram from
the Secretary of the Treasury at Washington offering $4,000,000 of gold for sale
made a great falj in the price, and relieved the financial situation. The business
of the country suffered for months because of the effects of the panic.

References:

School History of the United States.— Lee.

September 25, 15 13.— Discovery of the Pacific ocean by Balboa.

In 1513, Balboa, the governor of the Spanish Colony at the Isthmus of Darien,
while crossing the isthmus, gained the summit of a mountain from which he dis-
covered the Pacific Ocean. After falling on his knees and thanking God for the
privilege of being the discoverer of this great ocean, he descended to the sea-
shore and took possession of the whole coast in the name of the Spanish Crown.

References :

Discovery of America, vol. II. — Fiske.
America, vol. II. — Winsor

'Appropriate Selections:

Discovery of Pacific Ocean. — Irving.

September 25, 1690. — First newspaper in America.

On September 25, 1690, there appeared in Boston the first newspaper in
America, called " Public Occurrences," but the Legislature suppressed its publi-
cation after the first number.

References:

History of the United States.— E. E. Childs.

400

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

September 28, 1868. — Chinese Embassy.

In 1868 China sent to the United States the first embassy she had ever com-
missioned to any foreign nation.

October 3, 1800. — George Bancroft born.
A prominent historian.

October 4, 1777. — Battle of Germantown.

At sunrise on October 4th, Washington, with a large force, surprised the
British at Germantown. " At first his success was complete, but a dense fog
finally frustrated his plans, and, seeing that the day was lost, he ordered a
retreat."

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

American Revolution. — Fiske.

1776. — Lossing.

History of the United States.— Bancroft.

October 5, 181 3. — Battle of the Thames.

After Perry's victory on Lake Erie, American forces commanded by Harrison
overtook the British and Indians commanded by Proctor and Tecumseh and
defeated them. Tecumseh was slain and all that Hull had previously lost was
was regained.

References:

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

October 7, 1765. — Stamp Act Congress.

As a result of the Stamp Act, delegates from all the colonies except Virginia,
North Carolina, Georgia and New Hampshire, met at New York to decide upon
some plan of opposition, and sent petitions to the king and commons. The
unrepresented colonies also sent similar petitions.

References:

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham.
Popular History of the United States, vol. III. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
American History Told by Contemporaries, vol. II. — Hart.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. .Ql

Appropriate Selections:

It was in opposing the Stamp Act that Patrick Henry said, " Caesar had his
Brutus; Charles I., his Cromwell; and George III.,"— " Treason, Treason! " cried
his opponents. The orator paused, looked the speaker of the house calmly in
the eyes and finished his sentence — " may profit by their example. If this be
treason, make the most of it."

British Orations. — Adams.

October 7, 1777.— Battle of Saratoga.

Finding that he must either fight or surrender, Burgoyne attempted to cut his
way through the American lines, but in spite of his determined exertions he was
compelled to fall back. The battle of Saratoga is classed as one of the fifteen
decisive battles of the world.

References:
American Revolution. — Fiske.
Battles of the United States.— Dawson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.
History of the United States.— Bancroft.

October 7, 1780.— Battle of King's Mountain.

The British under Ferguson were attacked and defeated at King's Mountain.
The Americans ascended in three divisions on three sides, thus gradually en-
trapping the British, as the fourth side was too steep for retreat.
References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

1776.— Lossing.

King's Mountain and Its Heroes.— Draper.

October 7, 1826.— First Railroad in the United States.

A railroad was put into operation at Quincy, Mass., to transport granite about
three miles to tide-water. Granite sleepers were used, upon which timbers
were placed, and on these flat bars of iron were spiked. The cars were drawn
by horses. This is commonly supposed to be the first railroad in America, but
there is reported to have been an earjier one of unknown date in Pennsylvania.
References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
American Centenary. — Lossing.

4Q2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

October 9, 1779. — Abandonment of the Siege of Savannah.

General Lincoln, in command of the patriot forces of the South, with the help
of the French fleet, tried to recover Savannah. After a three weeks' siege, an
assault was made. The Americans were repulsed with heavy loss.

References:

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Pulaski's Banner. — Longfellow.

October 12, 1492. — Discovery of America.

Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America, was born in the city of
Genoa, Italy. Believing the earth to be round, he concluded that by sailing
westward he would reach India sooner than by the usual route by way of Egypt
and the Red Sea. Genoa refused his applications for aid, as did also Portugal
and England, but Spain finally came to his assistance. A little over four hundred
years ago, on Friday, the third of August, Columbus sailed from the port of
Palos, in Spain, and ten weeks later, on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, he
landed at San Salvador, one of the Bahamas.

References :

Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.
History of the United States.— Hildreth.

Appropriate Selections:

Landing of Columbus. — From Irving's Life and Voyage of Columbus.

Landing of Columbus. — Robertson.

First Voyage of Columbus. — Joanna Bartle.

Character of Columbus. — Irving.

Chauncey M. Depew, p. 162.

Columbus Day, p. 157.

October 13, 1812. — Battle on Queenstown Heights.

References:

History of the Second War with England.— J. H. Headley.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Battles of the United States — Dawson.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

403

October 16, 1859. — John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry.

John Brown took an active part in the Kansas troubles. An ardent aboli-
tionist, he formed plans to liberate the slaves. Collecting a small, well-armed
force, he suddenly seized the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 16,
1859. After a desperate resistance, he was captured, tried, and executed. The
event was of the utmost importance in the development of the Civil war.

References:

Life of John Brown. — F. B. Sanborn.

History of the United States. — Schouler.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. — Rhodes.

Appropriate Selections:

The Battle-Cry of Freedom.

October 17, 1777. — Surrender of Burgoyne.

As a result of the Battk of Saratoga, Burgoyne was forced to surrender, for"
he was hedged in without provisions by the patriot forces.

References :

American Revolution. — Fiske.

1776. — Lossing.

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:
Surrender of Burgoyne. — Anderson's United States Reader.
Burgoyne's Surrender. — George William Curtis.

October 18, 1831. — Helen Fiske Hunt Jackson born.

Selections from:
Ramona.
A Century of Dishonor.

October 19, 1781. — Surrender of Cornwallis.

Cornwallis, shut up in Yorktown, attacked by sea and land, was compelled to
surrender. This virtually ended the Revolutionary war, although nearly two
years elapsed before the final treaty of Paris.

References:
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

404 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Appropriate Selections:

Selection from Holmes' Annals of America.

Yorktown. — Whittier.

The Battle of Yorktown. — See p. 179.

October 22, 1776. — Execution of Nathan Hale.

References:

The Two Spies.— Lossing.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the United States. — Plildreth.

Appropriate Selections:
A Brave Man's Death. — Anonymous.
Nathan Hale. — Frances Miles Finch.
The Ballad of Nathan Hale. — Anonymous.
" I regret that I have but one life to give to my country." — Capt. Nathan Hale.

October 25, 1812. — The United States captured the Macedonian.

The frigate United States, Commodore Decatur, compelled the Macedonian
to surrender after a two-hours' action west of the Canary Islands.

References:

History of the Navy. — Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper.

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.

October 28, 1776. — Battle of White Plains.

As Washington's forces on Harlem Heights were so strong, Howe determined
to gain his rear. But Washington, informed of Howe's movements, crossed the
Harlem River to meet him, and at White Plains a severe battle was fought. The
Americans were driven to the hills of North Castle, whither the British dared
not go.

References:

Battles of the United States.— Dawson.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

American Revolution. — Fiske.

Battles of the American Revolution. — Carrington.

History of the United States. — Bancroft.

October 28, 1886. — Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty Enlightening the
World, the gift of the French people, was formally unveiled in
New York Harbor.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 405

October 30, 1753. — French and Indian war.

The French having seized three British traders, and built forts on the land
of the Ohio Company, an association formed under a royal grant to trade with
the Indians, Governor Dinwiddie of the Virginia Colony selected George
Washington, then about twenty-two, to carry a letter of remonstrance to the
French commandant — the first public service of importance performed by
Washington.

References:

History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
History of the United States.— Bancroft.
School History of the United States. — Lee.
America, vol. V. — Winsor.

Appropriate Selections:

Incidents of Washington's Journey. — Lossing.

October 31, 1864. — Nevada admitted to the Union.

November 1, 1683. — Original counties of New York established.

Albany, Dutchess, Kings, New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk,

Ulster, and Westchester.

November 1, 1889. — Washington admitted to the Union.

November 2, 1889. — North Dakota admitted to the Union.
South Dakota admitted to the Union.

November 3, 1794. — William Cullen Bryant born.

His " Thanatopsis," 1817, marks the first date in our true American poetry.

Selections:

Thanatopsis.
Forest Hymn.
Antiquity of Freedom.

November 7, 181 I.— Battle of Tippecanoe.

In the troubles prior to the war of 1812, the British again excited the Indians
to make war upon the American frontier. General Harrison took measures
against them, and at Tippecanoe was treacherously attacked by the Prophet, a
brother of the Indian leader. After one of the most desperate battles ever fought
with the Indians, the Americans repulsed them with heavy losses.

406

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Our Country. — Lossing.

November 7, 1814. — Seizure of Pensacola.

During the war of 1812, the Spaniards at Pensacola allowed the British to

take possession of their forts and fit out expeditions against the United States.

General Jackson, with 3,000 men, marched to Pensacola, seized the town, and
forced the British to leave.

References:

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812.— Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

November 8, 1889. — Montana admitted to the Union.

November 11, 1778. — Massacre at Cherry Valley.

A party of Tories and Indians fell upon Cherry Valley, and killed or carried
away captive many of the inhabitants.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.-

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

History of the United States.— Bancroft.

November 12, 1824.— Orleans county erected from territory of Genesee.

November 15, 1777. — Articles of Confederation.

The representatives of Congress entered into the Articles of Confederation,
November 15, 1777. The Confederacy was to be " the United States of
America;" each state was to retain its sovereignty and independence. The
states were united for their common defence.

References:

American Revolution. — Fiske.
History of the United States.— Bancroft.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^0y

November 16, 1776.— Capture of Fort Washington by the British.

After the battle of White Plains, Howe sent a force of Hessians to attack Fort
Washington. They captured it with a loss of 1,000 men while more than 2,000
American prisoners were taken.

References :

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Battles of the American Revolution. — Carrington.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

November 19, 1863. — Dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettys-
burg.

One of the most interesting events of the year 1863 was the dedication of the
National cemetery at Gettysburg. It took place in the presence of a vast con-
course of visitors, and an oration was delivered by Edward Everett. The brief
address of President Lincoln on that occasion was especially admired for
the touching pathos of its sentiment and the simple beauty of its diction.
Of all his utterances this is undoubtedly the most expressive of the purity and
loftiness of his character.

Appropriate Selections:

National Cemetery at Gettysburg — Address at National Cemetery at

Gettysburg. — Edward Everett.
Lincoln's Gettysburg address, p. 337.

November 23-25, 1863. — Battle of Chattanooga.

When Thomas took command of the army after the battle of Chickamauga,
he was obliged to shelter his army in Chattanooga, where Bragg blockaded it.
Meanwhile Grant with the combined armies west of the Alleghanies, Sherman's
corps, and Hooker, with a detachment from the army of the Potomac, arrived
at the scene of action. The Confederate center was carried by assault; Lookout
Mountain was cleared in the " battle above the clouds; " all the strong Confeder-
ate positions were taken, and Bragg's army completely routed.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.

Appropriate Selections:

Midnight on Missionary Ridge. — Captain A. C. Ford.
Missionary Ridge. — Brevet Lieut.-Col. Martin L. Bundy.

4o8

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

November 24, 1832. — Nullification Act.

The cotton-growing states objected to the tariff of 1828, which was to encour-
age and protect the manufacture of certain articles in America by imposing a
heavy duty upon imports. South Carolina openly opposed the law; a convention
ordained that the tariff law was null and void, and that if the government should
attempt to enforce. South Carolina would secede from the Union. Soon, how-
ever, quiet was restored by a compromise bill providing for the gradual reduction
of the duties.

References:

United States. — Rhodes.

United States. — Schouler.

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.

Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald.

Appropriate Selections:
Johnston's Orations. — vol. IV.

November 25, 1783. — Evacuation Day.

On November 25, the British army left New York, while Washington and
Governor Clinton took possession. It was a scene of public festivity.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

Critical Period of American History. — Fiske.

November 29, 1802. — Ohio admitted to the Union.

November 29, 181 1. — Wendell Phillips born.

Selections from :

Toussaint l'Ouverture.
The Lost Arts.

December 2, 1823. — Monroe Doctrine.

Napoleon's triumph in Spain led to revolts in the Spanish Colonies in America;
another so-called " Holy Alliance " had been suggested to consider aiding Spain
to reduce the Colonies; and Russia had claimed part of the Pacific coast of North
America. Finally Great Britain proposed that England and the United States
should unite in a declaration against European intervention in America. The
proposal was declined. In his annual message, Monroe stated the policy known
as the Monroe Doctrine: "America for Americans."

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

409

References:

Select Documents of United States History.— Alacdonald.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Students' History of the United States — Channing.

December 3, 1 818.— Illinois admitted to the Union.

December 4, 1682.— Establishment of the Quaker colony in Pennsyl-
vania.

Actuated by a desire to found a colony where civil and religious liberty might
be enjoyed, and where the people might dwell together in peace, William Penn
obtained from Charles II. a tract of land west of the Delaware and called it
Pennsylvania. After several conferences with the Indians, he met them beneath
the wide-spreading elm at a place now called Kensington, a part of Philadelphia,
where he made his famous treaty of peace and friendship with the Redmen —
a treaty " never sworn to and never broken."

References:

School History of the United States.— Lee.
Ha'f-Hours with American History.— Morris.
History of the United States.— Hildreth.

Appropriate Selections:

Penn's Treaty with the Indians, in Anderson's United States Reader.

December 4> 1783.— Washington took leave of his officers and gave up
the active command of the American army.
References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Our Country. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Washington's Address to the Officers of the Army.

December 10, 18 17.— Mississippi admitted to the Union.

December 10, 1898.— Treaty of peace signed between Spain and the
United States.

The Commissioners of both governments met in Paris in October and ex-
changed their powers. The negotiations then begun, lasted until December
10, when the treaty was signed. The Americans did th-.ir work among hostile
nations, in a way which added another triumph to the annals of American
diplomacy.

4I0 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:

The War with Spain.— H. C. Lodge.

Appropriate Selections :
The Peace Conference and the Moral Aspect of War.— North American Re-
view, October, 1899.

December 11, 1777. — Washington's army went into winter quarters at
Valley Forge.
References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:
Selections from the Life of General Greene. — Greene.
Selection from Irving's Life of Washington.

December n, 1816. — Indiana admitted to the Union.

December 13, 1862. — Battle of Fredericksburg.

Led by General Burnside, their new commander, the Union army crossed
the Rappahannock, the design being to march against Richmond by the route
from Fredericksburg. Fredericksburg was taken December 13, but, after a
disastrous attempt to carry the works behind the city, the river was recrossed.
The horror of Fredericksburg Jed to Burnside's deposition from the command
of the army of the Potomac.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selections:

Wanted — a man. — E. C. Stedman.

Fredericksburg. — W. F. H., in Richard Grant White's Poetry of the War.

December 14, 1799. — Death of Washington.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Our Country. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:
The Half-Masted Flag.— p. 25.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 4II

December 14, 18 19.— Alabama admitted to the Union.

December 16, 1773.— Boston tea-party.

The East India Company sent several shiploads of tea to the Colonies. The
colonists, however, refused to pay the tax, in spite of the extremely low price of
the tea, and at Boston, December 16, 1773, a small band of men disguised as
Indians, boarded the ships and threw the tea overboard. The action shows the
strict adherence to principle which characterized the colonists.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.

American History Told by Contemporaries, vol. II.— Hart.

Appropriate Selections:

" It is not, Mr. Moderator, the spirit that vapors within these walls that must
stand us in stead. The exertions of this day will call forth events which will
make a very different spirit necessary for our salvation. Whoever sup-
poses that shouts and hosannas will terminate the trials of the day enter-
tains a childish fancy. We must be grossly ignorant of the importance and
value of the prize for which we contend; we must be equally ignorant of
the power of those who have combined against us; we must be blind to that
malice, inveteracy, and insatiable revenge which actuates our enemies, pub-
lic and private, abroad and in our bosom, to hope that we shall end this
controversy without the sharpest conflicts,— to natter ourselves that popular
resolves, popular harangues, popular acclamations, and popular vapor will
vanquish our foes. Let us consider the issue. Let us look to the end. Let
us weigh and consider before we advance to those measures which must
bring on the most trying and terrific struggle this country ever saw."—
Josiah Quincy, Jr.

December 17, 1807.— John Greenleaf Whittier born.
See p. 152.

December 18, 1867.— Abolition of slavery in the United States.

A resolution of Congress, proposing an amendment to the Constitution,
abolishing slavery, having been approved by three-fourths of the states, slavery
was declared constitutionally abolished.

December 19, 1675. — Attack on the Narragansett Fort.
References :

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.

4I2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Appropriate Selections:

The Indian Hunter. — Longfellow.

Death and Character of King Philip, from Irving's Sketch-Book.

December 20, i860. — Secession of South Carolina.

After an exciting canvass, in i860, in which the slavery question was the
all-absorbing topic, the election resulted in favor of Abraham Lincoln, the can-
didate of the Republican party. When it became known that the party opposed
to the further extension of slavery had been successful, public meetings were
held in South Carolina to bring about a secession of that State from the Union;
and, on the 20th of December, i860, an ordinance of secession was passed by a
state convention held in Charleston. Six days later, hostilities commenced
which led directly to the great Civil war.

References:

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Division and Reunion. — Wilson.
Story of the Civil War.— Ropes.
United States. — Rhodes.
Confederate States. — Davis.

Appropriate Selections:

In American Orations. — Johnston.

Brother Jonathan's Lament for Sister Caroline.— O. W. Holmes.

The Ordinance of Nullification. — Edward Everett.

December 21, 1864. — Occupation of Savannah.

Having destroyed Atlanta, September 2, Sherman made his memorable march
through Georgia to the sea coast and occupied Savannah, Dec. 21, 1864.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Story of Our Civil War. — Ropes.
Students' History of the United States. — Channing.
Civil War in America. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Sherman's March to the Sea — Wm. T. Sherman in Half-Hours'" with Ameri-
can History. — Morris.

December 22, 1620. — Landing of Pilgrims.

The first permanent settlement in New England was made at Plymouth by a
small band of pilgrims, dissenters from the Church of England, who fled from
their own country to find religious freedom.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

The Pilgrims. — Everett.

Landing of the Pilgrims. — Southey.

Settlement of Plymouth. — Palfrey, in History of New England.

The Pilgrim Fathers. — Pierpont.

The Landing of the Pilgrims. — p. 163.

John Boyle O'Reilly. — p. 167.

Landing of the Pilgrims. — p. 167

December 23, 1783. — Washington resigned his commission to Congress.
References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham.

Critical Period of American History. — Fiske.

Appropriate Selections:

The closing scene from William Gordon's History of the Rise, Progress, and

Establishment of the Independence of the United States of America.
Selection from Ramsay's Life of Washington.

December 24, 18 14. — Treaty of Ghent.

About a month after the defeat of the British at New Orleans, news came that
a treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent. "Peace! peace! peace! was the
deep, harmonious, universal anthem. The whole night, Broadway sang its song
of peace; and the next day, Sunday, all the churches sent up hymns of thanks-
giving for the joyous tidings."

References:

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

December 26, 1776. — Battle of Trenton.

The Americans were at this time gloomy and almost despairing of victory;
their army had met defeat, hardship, and discouragement. The British troops
were divided throughout New Jersey, a force of 1,200 being stationed at Tren-
ton. On the night of the 25th, Washington himself led 2,^00 trusted soldiers
to the attack. They crossed the river in a fearful storm; the next morning
marched nine miles to Trenton, through a driving storm, surprised and took the
city. " That victory turned the shadows of Death into the morning."

4I4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

History of the United States.— Bancroft.

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Songs and Ballads of the Revolution. — Moore.

The Battle of Trenton. — Henry Cabot Lodge, p. 260.

December 28, 1835. — Second Seminole war.

As a result of the attempt to remove the Seminole Indians of Florida to lands
west of the Mississippi, war again broke out. On December 28th, Osceola, the
chief, suddenly attacked a house where General Thompson was dining, and
killed five of the party. The same day Major Dade, with over 100 men, was at-
tacked, and all but four men were massacred. The Americans could obtain no
decided victory. Finally, Osceola appeared with a flag of truce, was captured,
and imprisoned. Two months later, the Indians were defeated in a desperate
battle near Lake Okeechobee.

References:

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Our Country. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:
Osceola. — Lucy Hooper.

December 28, 1846. — Iowa admitted to the Union.

December 29, 1812. — The Constitution captured the Java.

After a two hours' fight the United States frigate Constitution, Commodore
Bainbridge, captured the Java off the coast of Brazil.

References:

History of the Navy. — Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper.

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 — Lossing.

December 29, 1845. — Texas admitted to the Union.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 415

December 30, 1853.— The Gadsden Treaty.

The interests of the United States in a transportation route across the isthmus
of Tehuantepec occasioned extensive diplomatic correspondence between the
United States and Mexico. In addition, the running of the boundary line under
the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had been attended with difficulties. Both ques-
tions were dealt with in the Gadsden treaty, December 30, 1853. The area ac-
quired from Mexico was 45*535 square miles.

References:
Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald.

December 31, 1775.— Attack on Quebec.

After a long and hideous march through the wilderness in winter, Arnold
reached the Plains of Abraham with only 550 of his 1,100 men. December 1st,
Montgomery arrived with his force and took command. As their numbers were
small and their field pieces few, a stormy night was selected for the attack.
The advance was made in two divisions, under Montgomery and Arnold, but
early in the conflict Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded so that the
command fell upon Morgan. In spite of his desperate resistance, he was over-
powered by numbers and forced to surrender, for the town had been warned
of the movement, and had received reinforcements.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

History of the United States.— Hildreth.

January 1, 1831. — First issue of The Liberator.

The Liberator, an abolitionist paper, was started by William Lloyd Garrison.
It had an immense influence against slavery.

References:

Life of William Lloyd Garrison, by his sons.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Old South Leaflets, III., No. I.
United States. — Schouler.

Appropriate Selections:

Selection from Old South Leaflets, No. 79.

416

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

January i, 1863. — Emancipation proclamation.

On the first of January, 1863, President Lincoln issued his memorable procla-
mation, declaring free all the slaves within the borders of the States at war
with the general government. By this measure, more than three millions of
slaves were declared free. On the same day Galveston was taken; and the
naval force before the place was captured, destroyed, or dispersed by the Con-
federates.

References:

Old South Leaflets; General Series, No. II.
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.
Life of Lincoln. — Morse.

Appropriate Selections :
Boston Hymn. — R. W. Emerson.
Charles A. Dana. — p. 280.

January 1, 1879. — Resumption of specie payments.

During the Civil war, Government notes were greatly depreciated and gold
became a marketable product. At the close of the war, however, the price
gradually declined; and on the first of January, 1879, the government and the
banks resumed specie payments, gold and silver once more coming into general
use.

January 1, 1899. — Nassau county erected from territory of Queens.

January 2, 1776. — First Continental flag.

It was composed of thirteen stripes and the union of the crosses of St. George
and St. Andrew.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
A Brief History of the Flag.— See p. 5.

January 3, 1777. — Battle of Princeton.

Washington's small force was confronted at Trenton by Cornwallis and a
large army. As a battle seemed full of peril, Washington broke camp in the
night, deceiving his enemy by keeping his camp-fires burning, and at sunrise
met the British forces near Princeton. At first the Americans gave way, but
Washington, with a select corps, routed the enemy. The British loss was about
400 men, while the American loss was not. more than thirty.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 417

References:

The American Revolution.— Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

1776. — Lossing.

History of the United States.— Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

Washington at Princeton.— Miss C. F. Orne.

January 4, 1896. — Utah admitted to the Union.

January 8, 181 5.— Battle of New Orleans.

Jackson, in command of the American troops at New Orleans, had raised a
line of defense extending a mile in front of the forces, while the Mississippi was
on his right flank, and a jungle on his left. The British under Pakenham made
an advance, but volley after volley was poured upon them until they had to flee.
Pakenham was slain and 2.000 of his men were killed, wounded, or taken pris-
oners. The Americans had seven killed and six wounded.

References :

Half-Hours with American History.— Morris.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:

Dirge for a Soldier.

Battle of New Orleans.— Thomas Dunn English.

Selection from Paxton's Life of Andrew Jackson.

January 11, 1757. — Alexander Hamilton born.

A statesman and leader of the Revolutionary period, and during the forma-
tion of the Constitutional period.

Selection from:
The Federalist.

January 17, 1706. — Benjamin Franklin born.

Selections from:

His Autobiography.

4i8

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

January 17, 1781. — Battle of the Cowpens.

At the Cowpens, the British under Tarleton attacked the Americans com-
manded by Morgan. After a severe battle, the British were completely routed,
losing about eight hundred men, while the American loss was about eighty.

References:

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Selection from " Life of Nathaniel Greene." — George W. Greene.

January 18, 1782. — Daniel Webster born.

Selections from:
The Reply to Hayne.
Speech on the Fugitive Slave Law.

January 19, 1809. — Edgar Allen Poe born.
Selections:

The Raven.
The Bells.

January 26, 1837. — Michigan admitted to the Union.

January 27, 1789. — Ontario county erected from territory of Mont-
gomery.

January 29, 1861. — Kansas admitted to the Union.

January 29, 1850. — Compromise of 1850.

The compromise measures proposed by Clay, January 29, 1850, consisted of
four acts providing for " The organization of territorial governments for New
Mexico and Utah without mention of slavery; the establishment of the boundary
of Texas; the abolition of the slave-trade in the District of Columbia; and the
surrender to their masters of slaves escaping to free states." The last measure
was known as the Fugitive Slave Law.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 4I9

References:

United States. — Rhodes.

The United States of America, 1765- 1866. — Channing.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald.

Johnston's Orations.

February 2, 1848. — Treaty of peace signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo

(Close of the Mexican war.)

By the treaty with Mexico, February 2, 1848, all the territory north of the
Rio Grande, New Mexico and California was ceded to the United States;
$15,000,000 was to be paid for the acquired territory and debts due from Mexico
to American citizens should be assumed by the United States.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
United States Reader. — Anderson.

February 5, 1823. — Yates county erected from territory of Ontario.

February 6, 1778. — Treaty between the United States and France.

The alliance with France therein made insured the final independence of the
United States.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

American History Told by Contemporaries. — Hart.

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.

1776. — Lossing.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

February 7, 1791. — Rensselaer county erected from territory of Albany.
Saratoga county erected from territory of Albany.

February 8, 1690. — Schenectady destroyed.

The troubles between England and France led to war in the colonies between
the English and French. On February 8, 1690, the first attack "vas made by the
French and Indians. Albany was to be the place of attack, but the Indians
chose Schenectady and the French followed. They quietly entered the town
at midnight with no resistance, as the palisades were deserted, massacred many
of the inhabitants and burned the town.

References:
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

420 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

February 8, i860. — Organization of the Confederacy.

On the 8th of February, a congress, composed of delegates from all the
seceding states, except Texas, met at Montgomery, and four days later organ-
ized a government by the adoption of a Provisional Constitution, assuming
the title, Confederate States of America. On the 9th, this congress elected
Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy, and on the 18th, Texas being
represented, he was duly inaugurated.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
School History of the United States.— Lee.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Confederate States. — Davis.

A p propria te Selections :
Davis' Address. — Bennett, in Moore's Personal and Political Ballads.
Jefferson Davis. — Cornwall, in Moore's Personal and Political Ballads.

February 11, 1847. — Thomas Edison, the inventor of the phonograph,
born.

February 12, 1809.— Abraham Lincoln born.

The Birthday of Abraham Lincoln. — p. 269.
Theodore Frelinghuysen. — p. 271
Ralph Wajdo Emerson. — p. 274.

February 14, 1859. — Oregon admitted to the Union.

February 1 5, 1898. — Battle-ship Maine blown up in Havana Harbor.

In 1895 occurred one of the numerous insurrections in Cuba against Spanish
rule. In a short time people were forced to recognize the fact that this time
the Cubans were determined to win their liberty. Affairs went from bad to
worse and the Spanish cruelties towards the Cubans, and finally towards the
Americans in Havana, led to the United States sending the battleship " Maine "
to Havana as a protection in case of further atrocities. Spain was unduly
suspicious, and the effects of its corrupt system of government were shown in
the blowing up of the Maine and the killing of two hundred and sixty-four men
and two officers, in the fancied security of a friendly harbor.

References:

The War with Spain.— Henry Cabot Lodge.

Appropriate Selections:
The Maine.— p. 198.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY

February 16, 1791.— Herkimer county erected from territory of Mont-
gomery.

Otsego county erected from territory of Mont-
gomery.

Tioga county erected from territory of Mont-
gomery.

February 16, 1 807.— Frigate Philadelphia destroyed at Tripoli by
Decatur.

The Tripolitans were accustomed to capture merchant ships of different nations,
and make slaves of their crews. Even the tribute money no longer restrained
them and different expeditions were sent against them. In one of these, Com-
modore Preble's frigate, Philadelphia, was captured and fitted up by the
Tripolitans. Shortly afterwards, Stephen Decatur was sent to destroy the ship.
At night he succeeded in entering the harbor unseen, boarding the Philadelphia,
overcoming the Tripolitan guard, and destroying the vessel. A treaty of peace'
was made June 4, 1807.

Appropriate Selections:
See p. 237.

References:
History of the Navy.— Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

February 17, 1865.— Evacuation of Charleston.

Sherman, having halted at Savannah only long enough to refit his army, was
again in motion by February 1st. On the 17th he captured Columbia, com-
pelling the Confederates by this achievement to evacuate Charleston.
References:

Story of the Civil War.— Ropes.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.

February 22, 1732.— George Washington born.

See p. 243.

February 22, 1819 — Florida ceded to the United States.

When Jackson was sent to Florida to repress the Seminole Indians, he found
that they were incited to hostilities by certain people there, and so invaded the
country. Trouble with Spain was feared as a result, but all difficulties were
finally settled by the treaty signed at Washington, February 22, 1819, when

422 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States for $5,000,000. Florida did
not actually come into the possession of the United States, however, until two
years later.

References:

Narrative and Critical History of the United States.— Winsor.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

February 22, 1819. — James Russell Lowell born.
See p. 153.

February 22, 1865. — Occupation of Wilmington.

The active operations of 1865 began with the reduction of Fort Fisher, the
main defense of Wilmington, by General Terry, and Admiral Porter's fleet.
Wilmington was occupied by the Federal troops a few days after the capture
of the fort.

References:

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.

Bird's Eye View of Our Civi,l War. — Dodge.

February 23, 1798. — Rockland county erected from territory of Orange.

February 23, 1821. — Livingston county erected from territory of

Ontario and Genesee.
Monroe county erected from territory of Ontario
and Genesee.

February 23, 1847. — Battle of Buena Vista.

With less than five thousand men, General Taylor was attacked at Buena
Vista by a Mexican force nearly four times as large, under Santa Anna. After
an all-day's determined contest, the Mexicans were driven in disorder from the
field.

References:

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Our Country. — Lossing.
History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield.

Appropriate Selections:

The Angels of Buena Vista. — Whittier.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY

February 25, 1868.— Impeachment of President Johnson.

In the summer of 1867, President Johnson requested the resignation of Sec-
retary of War Stanton, who refused to resign. Johnson suspended him in
accordance with the provisions of the Tenure-of-Office Act. When the Senate
met it refused to agree with this suspension. The President then removed
Stanton from the office and gave the portfolio to Thomas. In March, 1868,
articles of impeachment were presented by the House at the bar of the Senate.'
The result of the trial was the acquittal of the President.
References :

Students' History of the United States.— Channing.

February 25, 179 1.— First United States bank was chartered by Con-
gress.

It went into operation with a capital of $10,000,000, the government subscrib-
ing $2,000,000, and individuals $8,000,000.

References :

Select Documents of United States History.— Macdonald.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
School History of the United States.— Lee.

February 27, 1807.— Henry W. Longfellow born.
See p. 152.

March 1, 1799.— Essex county erected from territory of Clinton.

March 1, 1816.— Oswego county erected from territory of Onondaga.

March 1, 1867.— Nebraska admitted to the Union.

March 3, 1802.— St. Lawrence county erected from territory of Clinton.

March 3, 1845.— Florida admitted to the Union.

March 4, 1719.— Vermont admitted to the Union.

March 4, 1861.— First inauguration of President Lincoln.
References:
Life of Lincoln. — Morse.
Abraham Lincoln.— Hadley and Hay.
Lincoln. — Herndon.

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.
424

Appropriate Selections:

Inauguration of Lincoln.— Greely, in American Conflict.

The Constitution and the People.— Lincoln, from his Inaugural Address.

March 4, 1885.— Letter postage reduced to two cents per ounce.

March 5, 1770. — Boston Massacre.

In a collision between the citizens of Boston and some of the British soldiers
stationed there, three or four citizens were killed and others wounded. The
event aroused the strongest feelings against British tyranny, although the sol-
diers probably fired into the mob only to preserve their lives.

References:
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.

Appropriate Selections:

The Boston Massacre. — Hawthorne.

March 7, 1788.— Clinton county erected from territory of Washington.
March 7, 1809.— Schenectady county erected from territory of Albany.
March 8, 1799.— Cayuga county erected from territory of Onondaga.

March 9, 1862.— The Monitor and the Merrimac.

The Merrimac, which had been sunk at Norfolk by the Union commander at
the beginning of the war, had subsequently been raised by the Confederates,
cut down almost to the water's edge, covered with a plating of railroad iron,
and named the Virginia. On the 8th of March she steamed out from Norfolk
to Hampton Roads, and destroyed the United States vessels Cumberland and
Congress. During the night the Monitor, a newly invented floating battery,
commanded by Lieutenant Worden, arrived from New York, and on the fol-
lowing day, the 9th, encountered the Virginia (Merrimac), and disabled her.

References:

Old South Leaflets, III., No. 3.
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.
School History of the United States. — Lee.

Appropriate Selections:

The Merrimac and the Monitor. — Estvan.

The Cumberland. — Longfellow.

The Monitor and the Merrimac— John W. Draper.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^2$

March 9, 1893. — Cleveland recalls Hawaiian annexation treaty.

Toward the close of Harrison's administration a revolution broke out in the
Hawaiian Islands. The more intelligent inhabitants deposed Queen Liliuaka-
lani, established a republican form of government, and then sent commissioners
to the United States to propose annexation. A treaty was agreed upon, but,
before the Senate had time to vote upon it, Harrison's administration came to a
close and Grover Cleveland was elected President. One of the first acts of his
administration was to withdraw the treaty from the Senate, and to announce
the United States' protectorate to be at an end in Hawaii.

References :

History of the American Nation. — McLaughlin.
American Congress. — Moore.

March 10, 1797. — Delaware county erected from territory of Ulster
and Otsego.

March 11, 1808. — Cattaraugus county erected from territory of Genesee.
Chautauqua county erected from territory of Genesee.
Franklin county erected from territory of Clinton.
Niagara county erected from territory of Genesee.

March 12, 1772. — Montgomery county (first known as Tryon county)
erected from territory of Albany.
Washington county (first known as Charlotte county)
erected from territory of Albany.

March 12, 1813. — Warren county erected from territory of Washington.

March 15, 1781. — Battle of Guilford Court House.

Greene, in command of the Americans, took up his position at Guilford Court
House, where he was attacked by the British. Although the result was un-
favorable to the Americans, it left Cornwallis in so disabled a condition that he
was forced to retreat from the field of victory.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

American Revolution. — Fiske.

Appropriate Selections:

Selections from Life of Nathaniel Greene. — Greene.

Character of General Greene. — Alexander Hamilton, found in Anderson's
United States Reader.

6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

March 15, 1798. — Oneida county erected from territory of Herkimer.

Chenango county erected from territory of Tioga and
Herkimer.

March 15, 1820.— Maine admitted to the Union.

March 17, 1776. — British evacuated Boston.

After the fortifications of Dorchester Heights were completed, Howe, instead
of attacking the American forces, evacuated Boston. Washington was rewarded
with the first gold medal struck in the United States. " Hostibus Primo
Fugatis."

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

America, vol. VI. — Winsor.

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

History of the Siege of Boston — Frothingham.

History of the United States.— Hildreth.

Half-Hours with American History.— Morris.

March 18, 1796. — Steuben county erected from territory of Ontario.

March 21, 1806. — Madison county erected from territory of Chenango.

March 24, 1804. — Seneca county erected from territory of Cayuga.

March 25, 1800. — Greene county erected from territory of Albany and
Ulster.

March 27, 1809.— Sullivan county erected from territory of Ulster.

March 27, 18 14. — Defeat of the Creek Indians.

The massacre at Fort Mimms aroused the country against the Indians, and
Generals Jackson and CofTee went into the country of the Creeks to avenge
the massacre. A thousand Indian warriors made a final and desperate stand at
the Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa river, but were completely defeated by
Jackson's force of three thousand men.

References :

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

March 28, 1805. — Jefferson county erected from territory of Oneida.
Lewis county erected from territory of Oneida.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^2J

March 28, 1806. — Broome county erected from territory of Tioga.

March 28, 1814. — Surrender of the Essex.

After a successful cruise of more than a year, Captain Porter was attacked in
the harbor of Valparaiso by two British vessels and forced to surrender. The
conflict was one of the most desperate of the war.

References:

History of the Navy. — Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

March 29, 1836. — Chemung county erected from territory of Tioga.

March 30, 1802. — Genesee county erected from territory of Ontario.

March 30, 1820.- -Missouri Compromise.

As the Northern people opposed any increase in the number of slave states
they tried to prevent the admission of Misouri, with its constitution allowing
slavery. After a long and violent discussion, the measure called the Missouri
Compromise was adopted. Slavery should be prohibited in all the territory,
except Missouri, lying north of the parallel 360 30' and west of the Mississippi.
Missouri was admitted August 10, 1821.

References:

History of the United States.— Schouler.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Johnston's Orations.

March 30, 1842. — John Fiske born.

Selections from :

American Political Ideas.

The Critical Period in American History.

March 30, 1867. — Purchase of Alaska.

In 1867, the Russian territory in America, now known as Alaska, was bought
by the United States for a little over $7,200,000. It is a vast region, lying far
north, but its climate is tempered by the warm Pacific current, and it has great
tracts of fine cedar and other timber, vakiable fisheries, furs, and important
minerals.

References:

Men and Measures of Half a Century.— McCulloch.

428

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

March 30, 1870. — Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, guaranteeing to all citizens of
the United States the right of suffrage, without regard to race, color, or
previous condition of servitude, was declared adopted March 30, 1870.

March 31, 1854.— Treaty with Japan.

Japan had always excluded all foreigners from her ports, but as the acquisi-
tion of California made commercial relations important, Commodore Perry was
sent to open communications. At length a treaty was signed, permitting the
United States to trade in two ports, and also the residence of American citizens
and consuls at these ports. Thus America was among the first to obtain inter-
course with Japan.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

April 2, 1792. — First United States mint.

By the act of Congress April 2, 1792, the first United States mint was estab-
lished at Philadelphia for the purpose of national coinage.

References:

Dictionary of United States History. — Jameson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

April 2, 1743. — Thomas Jefferson born.

Selections:

Declaration of Independence.

April 2, 1821. — Erie county erected from territory of Niagara.

April 3, 1783. — Washington Irving born.

Selections from:

Knickerbocker History of the United States.
Life of Columbus.

April 3, 1822. — Edward Everett Hale born.

Selections from:

Franklin in France.

The Man without a Country.

My Double, and How He Undid Me.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 429

April 3, 1865. — Occupation of Richmond.

On the 29th of March, 1865, commenced the final movement of the national
forces which General Grant had gathered around Richmond. After ten days'
marching and fighting, the Confederates were compelled to evacuate their de-
fenses at both Petersburg and Richmond.

References:

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selections:

Evacuation of Richmond. — Pollard.

April 4, 1786. — Columbia county erected from territory of Albany.

April 6, 1 5 13. — Discovery of Florida.

In 1513 Ponce de Leon, searching, not for gold, like his countrymen, but for a
fountain which the Indians declared would restore a man to perpetual youth,
came upon another unknown coast. It was on Easter Sunday, in Spanish " El
Pascua Florida," and the new land has borne the name of Florida ever since.

References:

The Discovery of Florida. — Bancroft.

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.

America, vol. II. — Winsor.

April 6, 1795. — Schoharie county erected from territory of Albany and
Otsego.

April 6, 1862.— Battle of Shiloh.

On the morning of the 6th of April, General Grant's army, while encamped
at Shiloh, was severely attacked by General A. S. Johnston's army. At nightfall
the Union troops had been driven back to the river, where the gunboats aided
them to keep the enemy in check. General Johnston was killed. The arrival
of reinforcements under General Buell enabled Grant to assume the offensive on
the following day, and the Confederates were driven towards Corinth. The
forces engaged on both sides numbered more than 100,000 men. The losses on
both sides were severe.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

4^0 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

Appropriate Selections:

The Battle of Shiloh.— William Sainton.

Shiloh.— Brig. Gen. George F. McGennis, in War Papers.

April 7, 1806. — Allegany county erected from territory of Genesee.

April 7, 1817. — Tompkins county erected from territory of Cayuga and
Seneca.

April 8, 1808. — Cortland county erected from territory of Onondaga.

April 9, 1682. — Discovery of Louisiana.

In February, 1682, La Salle passed down the Illinois river, and on into the
Mississippi, on an exploring expedition. The river he called St. Louis, and the
vast region through which it flowed, Louisiana, in honor of the French King.
On April 9, 1682, he planted a cross with the arms of France near the mouth
of the river, and claimed all the territory drained by it and its tributaries for
King Louis.

References:
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.

April 9, 1865. — Surrender of Lee at Appomattox.

After the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, Lee withdrew his army and
endeavored to escape by the valley of the Appomattox to the mountains. The
retreating army was hotly pursued by the Union forces under Grant, and on
the 9th, Lee, overtaken and surrounded, surrendered near Appomattox Court
House.

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selections:

Last March of Lee's Army. — Armstead L. Long, in Half-Hours with Ameri-
can History. — Morris.

April n, 1794. — Edward Everett born.
Selection:
Apostrophe to La Fayette, at the close of Everett's address " On the Circum-
stances Favorable to the Progress of Literature."

April 11, 1823. — Wayne county erected from territory of Ontario and
Seneca.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

431

April 12, 1777. — Henry Clay born.
One of America's greatest orators.

April 12, 1 8 16. — Hamilton county erected from territory of Mont-
gomery.

April 14, 1861. — Evacuation of Fort Sumter.

Regarding their duty to the general government as secondary to the obliga-
tion they owed to their respective states, and in spite of the President's assur-
ance that the new administration did not intend interfering with the constitu-
tional rights of any of the states, the southern leaders organized an army under
General Beauregard to reduce Fort Sumter. Accordingly, on the morning of
April 12th, the first shot was fired on the fort. After a bombardment of thirty-
four hours Anderson was compelled to evacuate. On the following Monday, as
if with spontaneous protest against any dissolution of the Union, the flag of the
Republic was raised throughout the free states.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
School History of the United States. — Lee.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.

Appropriate Selections:

The Flag. — Horatio Woodman.

Fort Sumter's Bombardment. — Orville J. Victor, in Half-Hours with Ameri-
can History. — Morris.

The Flag of Fort Sumter. — Anonymous, in Moore's Personal and Political
Ballads.

The 12th of April. — E. C. Stedman.

April 14, 1865. — Assassination of Lincoln.

Lincoln had served but a few weeks of his second term, when, less than one
week after Lee's surrender, he was assassinated by a desperado acting in sym-
pathy with the Confederate cause.

References:

Life of Lincoln. — Morse

Abraham Lincoln. — Nicolay and Hay.

Appropriate Selections :
My Captain. — Whitman, p. 291.

432 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

April 15, 1 8 14. — John Lathrop Motley born.

Selections from:
The Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic.

Merry Mount.

April 17, 1854. — Schuyler county erected from territory of Chemung,
Steuben, and Tompkins.

April 18, 1838. — Fulton county erected from territory of Montgomery.

April 18, 1847. — Battle of Cerro Gordo.

The American forces under General Scott made a daring assault on the enemy
at Cerro Gordo on the morning of April 18th, and before noon the Mexicans
were defeated with a loss of one thousand men and their artillery.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Our Country. — Lossing.

War with Mexico. — R. S. Ripley.

Story of the Mexican War. — Mansfield.

Appropriate Selections ■'
The Bivouac of the Dead. — p. 28.

April 19, 1775. — Battle of Lexington.

On the night of the 18th of April, 1775, General Gage dispatched eight hundred
troops under Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn to destroy some military sup-
plies which the Americans had collected at Concord, Massachusetts, about sixteen
miles from Boston.

The patriots of Boston, suspecting such a movement, were on the alert.
Signals had been pre-arranged by them, the alarm was given, and, when the
British reached Lexington early in the morning of April 19th, they found about
seventy of the militia drawn up under arms. Then was shed the first blood of
the Revolution, the King's troops firing upon the American militia. At Con-
cord some of the supplies were destroyed, but, the militia assembling, a skirmish
took place in which several from both sides were killed. On their way back to
Boston, the British were reinforced at Lexington; but during their retreat, as
far as Charleston, the Americans pursued, keeping up a constant and destructive
fire. The loss of the British during the day was over 200; that of the patriots
about 90. The battle at Lexington was a signal for war.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 433

References:

Siege of Boston. — Frothingham.

Battles of the United States.— Dawson.

Ballad History of the Revolution — Part I.— Moore.

One Hundred Years Ago.— E. E. Hale.

Field-Book of the Revolution.— Lossing.

American Monthly for April and July, 1875.— Potter.

History of American War. — Stedman.

Appropriate Selections:

Concord Hymn.— R. W. Emerson, p. 170.
Battle of Lexington. — O. W. Holmes.
Paul Revere's Ride. — Longfellow.
The Rising in 1776.— T. B. Read, p. 116.
The Revolutionary Alarm, p. 170.
George William Curtis, pp. 171, 172.

April 19, 1 861.— First blood shed in civil war.

The news of the capture of Fort Sumter produced an almost uncontrollable
excitement throughout the country, and the President's proclamation calling
for troops was responded to at once by all the free states. A Massachusetts
regiment, while on its way to defend the nation's capital, was attacked, April
19th, in Baltimore, by a mob of southern sympathizers. Two of the soldiers
were killed and a number wounded.

References:

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.

Story of the Civil War.— Ropes.

United States. — Rhodes.

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

Appropriate Selections:
Apocalypse. — Clarence Butler.
The Massachusetts Line. — Robert Lowell.
Our Country's Call.— William C. Bryant.

April 20, 1898.— Declaration of war between United States and Spain.

The report on Cuban affairs having finally passed both Houses, April i8th,
went at once to the President, who, on April 20th, signed the resolutions
adopted — that Spanish rule must cease in Cuba. In fact, if not in terms, it
was a declaration of war.

References:

The War with Spain.— Henry Cabot Lodge.
28

A9A MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

434

Appropriate Selections:
Selection I., p. 198.
The Stripes and the Stars, p. 308.

April 21, 1649. — Toleration act in Maryland.

The Toleration Act provided for the punishment of all disbelievers in God and
for the punishment of those in any way interfering with any one's form of belief.

References:

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. — Fiske.

A Short History of the English Colonies in America. — Lodge.

April 22, 1889. — Oklahoma opened to settlers.

April 25, 1862. — Capture of New Orleans.

In Louisiana the Union cause met with success of great importance. This was
the capture of New Orleans on the 25th of April. The Union fleet, commanded
by Farragut and Porter, ascended the Mississippi, bombarding and running
past the Confederate forts. The city was reached, and General Butler, taking
formal possession, placed it under martial law.

References:

New Orleans.— King.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis.

Appropriate Selections:

New Orleans Won Back. — Robert Lowell.
The Varuna. — George H. Baker.
Farragut on the Mississippi. — Joel P. Headley.
Admiral Farragut, p. 92.

April 26, 1777. — The Marquis de Lafayette, a wealthy young French-
man of character and ability, sailed from Bordeaux to aid the
Americans as a volunteer. He provided a ship and military stores
at his own expense.
References:
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:
Lafayette Joins the Americans. — Sprague. Found in Anderson's Popular
History of the United States.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 435

April 26, 1846.— First blood shed in the Mexican war.

The annexation of Texas caused war between Mexico and the United States,
as the United States claimed the Rio Grande river as the boundary line, while
the Mexicans claimed the Nueces river. General Taylor was sent into Mexico
to protect our interests; this the Mexicans regarded as an invasion of their
rights. They attacked a small force near Matamoras and killed sixteen men,
compelling the rest to surrender.

References:
Our Country. — Lossing.

April 26, 1865. — Surrender of Johnston's army.

After some time spent in elaborate negotiations between Sherman at his head-
quarters, and Grant and President Johnson at Washington, terms were finally
agreed upon, and Johnston surrendered on terms substantially the same as those
accorded to Lee.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:

The Conquered Banner. — Abram J. Ryan.

April 28, 1760.— Battle of Sellery. (Virtual close of the French and
Indian war in America.)

De Levis, Montcalm's successor, made extensive preparations for the recovery
of Quebec. He marched to Sellery, three miles above the city, and there, on the
20th of April, 1760, was fought one of the most desperate battles of the war. The
French were obliged to retreat, Montreal capitulated, and the whole of Canada
was surrendered to the English.

The war continued till 1763, when a treaty of peace was signed in Paris by
which France ceded to Great Britain (February 10th) all her American posses-
sions east of the Missouri and north of the Iberville river in Louisiana; at the
same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. This finally determined that
the dominant civilization of North Amtrica was to be English instead of French.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
History of the United States.— Hildreth.
History of the United States.— Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

State of the Colonies in 1765-— Grahame.

436

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

April 30, 1789. — Inauguration of Washington at New York.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.
Critical Period of American History. — Fiske.

Appropriate Selections:

" Welcome, Mighty Chief, once more,
Welcome to this grateful shore;
Now no mercenary foe
Aims again the fatal blow —
Aims at thee, the fatal blow.

" Virgins fair, and matrons grave,
These thy conquering arm did save;
Build for thee triumphal bowers,
Strew, ye fair, his way with flowers,
Strew your hero's way with flowers."

April 30, 1803. — Louisiana purchased from France.

Price, $15,000,000.

References:

United States Reader. — Anderson.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Our Country. — Lossing.

April 30, 1812. — Louisiana admitted to the Union.

May 1, 1 541. — De Soto discovered the Mississippi river.

In 1539, Ferdinand De Soto, with a large force of men, landed on the coast of
Florida, in a search for gold. The Spanish cruelties had made all the Indians
hostile to them, and De Soto had to fight his way westward to the Mississippi
river, which he reached May 1, 1541. He crossed the great river and proceeded
some distance up the west bank, always disappointed in not finding gold. The
party endured great hardships and De Soto himself died of a fever. His
followers buried him in the Mississippi river, to secure his body from the savages,
and after many days of suffering a few made their way back to Mexico.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

437

References:

Discovery of America. — Fiske.

History of the United States, vol. I. — Bancroft.

Narrative and Critical History of the United States, vol. II. — Winsor.

Appropriate Selections:

Expedition of De Soto. — Parkman.

May i, 1898. — Battle of Manila Bay.

During the night of April 30th, Admiral Dewey took the American fleet past
the dreaded fort at the entrance to Manila Bay and then up the twenty-six
miles through the narrow channel and over the Spanish mines to Manila, where,
the next day, May 1st, the Americans completely destroyed the Spanish fleet.
By the 3rd of May, the two forts at the entrance of the harbor had surrendered
to Dewey, and Manila was blockaded by the Americans.

References:

The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge.

Appropriate Selections:

Dewey's Victory, p. 200.
Second Selection, p. 199.
Manila Bay, p. 238.

May 3d and 4th, 1863. — Battle of Chancellorsville.

General Hooker, toward the latter part of April, crossed the Rappahannock,
and, encountering Lee at Chancellorsville, was disastrously defeated, losing more
than 11,000 men. He then recrossed the river. In this battle the Confederate
army lost its most brilliant general, Thomas J. Jackson, commonly known as
" Stonewall " Jackson, who, towards the close of the action, was mortally
wounded, it is said, by the fire of his own men, being, with his staff and escort,
mistaken in the darkness for a company of the Union cavalry.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of our Civil War. — Dodge.
School History of the United States.— Lee.

Appropriate Selections:

The Wood of Chancellorsville. — Delia R. German in R. G. White's Collec-
tion, Poetry of the War.
Keenan's Charge. — G. P. Lathrop.

438

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

May 4, 1796. — William Hickling Prescott born.

Selections from:

History of the Conquest of Mexico.
History of the Conquest of Peru.

May 8, 1846.— Battle of Palo Alto.

While returning from Point Isabel, General Taylor with a force of 2,300 men
was attacked at Palo Alto by a Mexican force of 6,000 men. The Mexicans lost
more than 500, whUe the American loss was 50.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Battles of the United States.— Dawson.

Our Country. — Lossing.

History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield.

May 9, 1846. — Battle of Resaca de la Palma.

At the battle of Resaca de la Palma the Mexican guns were holding the
Americans well in check, when Captain May, at the head of his dragoons, charged
with great fury and dispersed the gunners. The Mexicans were defeated with
a severe loss.

References :

War with Mexico. — R. S. Ripley.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield.

May 10, 1775. — Capture of Fort Ticonderoga.

Early in the morning of the 10th of May, 1775, Ethan Allen, with the Green
Mountains Boys, surprised and took Ticonderoga — "in the name of the Great
Jehovah and the Continental Congress." It was the first incident of the war
in which the Americans took the aggressive.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Capture of Ticonderoga, in Narrative of His Own Captivity. — Allen. Found

in Anderson's United States Reader.
Battles of the United States, vol. I. — Dawson.
Diary of the American Revolution. — Moore.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.

Appropriate Selections:

On General Ethan Allen. — General Hopkins.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^q

May 10, 1775. — Second Continental Congress.

On May 10, 1775, delegates from each of the thirteen colonies assembled for
the second continental Congress. They adopted decisive measures and ap-
pointed Washington commander-in-chief of the army.

References:
The American Revolution. — Fiske.

The Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.
History of the United States of America. — Patton.

Appropriate Selections:

American History told by Contemporaries.— Hart. (The Necessity of Self-
Defence.)

May 10, 1865. — Capture of Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Ga.
References:

The Last Four Weeks of the War.— Hatcher.

May 10, 1876.— International exhibition opened at Philadelphia.

See p. 79.

Appropriate Selections:

Centennial Address. — W. M. Evarts.
Centennial Hymns. — Whittier.

May 12, 1776.— Surrender of Charleston to the British.

After a siege of forty days, General Lincoln, in command of the American
troops, was forced to surrender to Clinton.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

May 13, 1607.— First permanent English colony in America.

In 1606, King James I. divided the territory claimed by the English into North
and South Virginia, granting the former to the Plymouth Company, the latter
to the London Company. The first permanent settlement was made at James-
town, in 1607, by an expedition sent out by the London Company, commanded
by Captain Christopher Newport.

440 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:

History of the United States. — Anderson.
America, vol. III. — Winsor.
Explorers. — Higginson.

Appropriate Selections:

Settlement of Jamestown. — Grahame, in his Colonial History of the United

States.
Pocahontas. — Hemans. From the poem entitled American Forest Girl.

May 14, 1841. — Wyoming county erected from territory of Genesee.

May 19, 1643. — New England Confederacy.

May 19, 1643, the four colonies of Masachusetts, Plymouth, New Haven
and Connecticut entered into a league of confederacy " for unity, offence and
defence, mutual advice and assistance."

References:

Colonial History of the United States. — Grahame.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
New England. — Fiske.
A Short History of the English Colonies. — Lodge.

May 23d and 24th, 1865. — Grand review.

The last great scene of the Civil war was a grand military pageant in the city
of Washington, when the armies of the United States passed in review before
the chief officers of the Government, the Congress, and representatives of for-
eign powers.

The Army of the Potomac was reviewed on the 23d of May, the Army of the
Mississippi on the following day. Washington had a two-days' holiday and
everywhere in the city were greetings and displays suitable for the victorious
returning soldiers.

References:
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:

Spring at the Capital. — E. A. Allen.

Samuel Francis Smith. — p. 47.

Sonnet on Disbanding the Army. — Col. David Humphreys.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

441

May 24, 1 8 19. — First ocean steamer.

About May 24, 1819, the Savannah crossed the Atlantic from Savannah, Ga,,
to Liverpool. Both sails and steam were used.

References:
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

May 25, 1637. — Pequod settlement.

Toward the close of 1635, difficulties with the Indians commenced. The
Pequods, a warlike tribe in the southeastern part of Connecticut, having com-
mitted many acts of hostility, Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield united in
declaring war against them. A force of colonists and friendly Indians proceeded
against the Pequods, burned their forts and wigwams, killed more than 600 of
their number, and completely broke them up as a tribe.

References :

History of the United States. — Hildreth.
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.

May 25, 1803. — Ralph Waldo Emerson born.

Selections:

Hymn on the Dedication of the Concord Monument, p. 144.
From the Essay on History.
From the Essay on Heroism.

May 27, 1819, — Julia Ward Howe born.
Selections:

Battle Hymn of the Republic, p. 139.

May 27, 1844. — The first telegraph message.

The first telegraph line was established between New York and Baltimore by
Professor Morse and was successfully operated May 27, 1844.

References :

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.

May 29, 1736. — Patrick Henry born.
Selections:
An Appeal to Arms (Address in the Convention of Virginia, September 28,
1775).

442 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

May 29, 181 3. — Attack on Sackett's Harbor.

The British, learning that a large force had left Sackett's Harbor, sent a thou-
sand men to attack the place. They were met by a small force, under General
Brown, and repulsed.

References:

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

May 29, 1848. — Wisconsin admitted to the Union.

May 31, 1854. — Kansas-Nebraska bill.

In 1854 Kansas and Nebraska came into the Union under the rule of popular
sovereignty, which left the question of slavery to the people of each territory.
After a struggle of some months, the Kansas-Nebraska bill became a law. The
Missouri Compromise was abrogated, and the question of slavery in the terri-
tories was adrift again, never to be got rid of except through the abolition of
slavery itself by war.

References :

American History Leaflets, No. 17.

History of the United States. — Rhodes.

History of the United States. — Schouler.

Constitutional History of the United States. — Van Hoist.

Life of Douglas. — Sheahan.

Life of Chase. — Schucker.

May 31, 1862. — Battle of Fair Oaks.

The few Union victories were counterbalanced by the ill success of McCle.llan,
who had attempted to reach Richmond by the peninsula between the York and
the James rivers. Having arrived within a short distance of the city, he was sud-
denly attacked at Fair Oaks, by the Confederates, when a bloody but indecisive
conflict took place. A movement of McClellan's to change his base of opera-
to the James river brought on a series of destructive battles, .lasting
through seven days (June 25 to July 1), the result of which was to leave the
Union army in a weakened condition.

References:

Battles and Leaders ot the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.

Appropriate Selection:

American Volunteers, p. 222.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

443

May 31, 1889. — Flood at Johnstown.

A broken dam in the Conemaugh Valley, Pennsylvania, flooded Johnstown,
and destroyed 2,295 lives.

June 1, 1774. — Boston port bill.

England, enraged at the colonies' action in regard to the tea, passed the Port
bill, closing Boston harbor to all commerce, and transferring the seat of govern-
ment to Salem. The act aroused the greatest indignation of the colonists; they
burned copies of it on scaffolds, and observed the day upon which it went into
effect with fasting and prayer.

References:

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.

June 1, 1792. — Kentucky admitted to the Union.

June 1, 1796. — Tennessee admitted to the Union.

June 1, 1813. — The Chesapeake and the Shannon.

The American frigate Chesapeake, commanded by Captain Lawrence, was
attacked by the British frigate Shannon, just outside Boston harbor. Soon
some of the Chesapeake's rigging was cut so that a sail became loose and blew
out, bringing the vessel into the wind. Then the rigging and anchor became
so entangled that the ship had to remain exposed to the enemy's fire. As Law-
rence, mortally wounded, was carried below, he cried, " Don't give up the ship."
Finally the English sprang on board and pulled down the flag.

References :

History of the Navy. — Maclay.

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper.

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.

June 3, 1898. — The Merrimac sunk in Santiago Harbor.

Lieutenant Richard P. Hobson, with seven selected volunteers, took the collier
Merrimac into the channel of Santiago harbor, and there sunk her by means
of torpedoes, as a temporary obstruction to the escape of the Spanish fleet.
The deed was fraught with the greatest danger and required the most con-
spicuous bravery and daring.

444 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:

The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge.
With Sampson through the War. — Goode.

Appropriate Selections:
Eight Volunteers, p. 233.

June 9, 1792. — John Howard Payne born.
Actor and playwright.
Appropriate Selections:

Home, Sweet Home, p. 39.

June 10, 1861.— Battle of Bethel.

It can hardly be said that the national government made any offensive move-
ment before the 24th of May. Then General Scott, commanding the Union
army, sent troops into Virginia; and Arlington Heights, as well as the town of
Alexandria, were occupied. Some days after, June 10th, a force was sent under
General Butler to capture a body of Confederate troops posted at Little Bethel,
a village on the north side of the James river. During the night, two of the
Union regiments fired on each other by mistake; and the Confederates, thus
made aware of their approach, escaped. The Union troops then pushed on, and
were severely repulsed in an attack upon the Confederate works at Big Bethel.

References :

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.
United States. — Rhodes.

Appropriate Selections:

Bethel.— A. J. H. Duganne.
Army Hymns. — O. W. Holmes.
The Present Crisis. — J. R. LoweJl.

June 12, 1812. — Putnam county erected from territory of Dutchess.
June 14, 1777. — Birth of the flag of the United States.

Congress resolved, " That the flag of the thirteen united colonies be thirteen
stripes, alternate red and white, and the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue
field, representing a new constellation."

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. aac

References:

History of the United States.— Hildreth.

Diary of the American Revolution. — Moore.

History of our Flag — Rev. A. P. Putnam, in Anderson's United States

Reader.
A Brief History of the Flag. — See p. 5.

Appropriate Selections:
The American Flag. — J. R. Drake, p. 303.
God Save the Flag.— O. W. Holmes.
Our National Banner. — W. M. Evarts.

The School House Stands by the Flag.— Hezekiah Butterworth, p. 45.
Selections 1 and 3, p. 15.
Our Flag, p. 9.

The Red, White and Blue, p. 19.
Selection, No. 6, p. 35.

June 14, 1812.— Harriet Beecher Stowe born.

Selections from:
Uncle Tom's Cabin.

June 15, 1772. — Benjamin Franklin drew electricity from the clouds
and proved its identity with lightning.
References :
Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.

June 15, 1836.— Arkansas admitted to the Union.

June 15, 1844. — Charles Goodyear patented the process of vulcanizing
India rubber.

June 17, 1775.— Siege of Boston began.
References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

June 17, 1775.— Battle of Bunker Hill.

On the evening of June 16th, Colonel Prescott was sent with a detachment
of one thousand men to fortify Bunker Hill, but instead he fortified Breed's
Hill, which was nearer Boston. The next morning the British commenced a
cannonade upon the redoubt. This attack failed, and, later, General Howe, with

446

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

three thousand men, was sent to dislodge the patriots. Twice the British ap-
proached within a few rods, each time to be repulsed with a heavy loss. Upon
Clinton's arrival, the third charge was more successful, as the Americans had
exhausted their ammunition, and were forced to retreat. The Americans lost
General Warren. The determined and for a time successful resistance on the
part of the Americans was so encouraging that it had all the effects of a
triumph.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Siege of Boston. — Frothingham.

Harper's Monthly.— July, 1875.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:
Warren's Address.— John Pierpont.
Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill.— Holmes.

Laying of the Corner-Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument.— Webster.
Edward Everett, pp. 234-5.

June 18, 1778. — Evacuation of Philadelphia.

The loss of Burgoyne's army, the alliance with France, and the arrival of a
French fleet under D'Estaing so alarmed the British that they left Philadelphia.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

1776. — Lossing.

History of the United States. — Hildreth.

Appropriate Selections:

Battle of the Kegs. — Francis Hopkinson.

June 19, 1812. — Declaration of war against Great Britain.

The losses to commerce caused by the closing of the ports of England and
France in their war, the right of search, the impressment of American seamen,
and other insults to which England was subjecting the United States, led to
the final declaration of war against Great Britain by the United States.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812.— Lossing.

June 19, 1863. — West Virginia admitted to the Union.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY

<+47

June 19, 1864.— Alabama and Kearsarge.

The Confederates, by means of English-built privateers sailing under the
Confederate flag, succeeded in destroying a large number of American mer-
chantmen. Sumner, in the Alabama, pursued his career of destruction, luring
vessels by hoisting the British flag; but the Alabama was at last met by the
Kearsarge, Captain Winslow, and. after a short encounter, was sunk.
References:

The Navy during the Rebellion.— Boynton.
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.
Story of the Civil War.— Ropes.

June 24, 1497.— Discovery of North America by John and Sebastian
Cabot.

In 1497, about one year before Columbus discovered the continent, and two
years previous to Amerigo's visit, John Cabot and his son Sebastian, while
sailing under a commission from Henry VII. of England, discovered the coast
of Labrador, and thus were the first to discover the mainland of America. In a
second voyage, made by Sebastian Cabot, in 1498, the coast, from Labrador to
Chesapeake Bay, was explored. These achievements of the Cabots, the dis-
covery and explorations, proved of momentous importance, especially to Eng-
land, as, by reason of them, that country based her claims to all the region from
Labrador to Florida.

References:

America, vol. III.— Winsor.

Discovery of America, vol. II. — Fiske.

American History Leaflets. — No. 9.

Students' History of the United States — Channing.

June 24, 1675.— First battle of King Philip's war.

After the death of Massasoit, the Indians became alarmed at the rapidly grow-
ing settlement of the whites, and so the New England tribes united to over-
throw the colonists. The first attack was made by King Philip upon the people
of Swanzey, as they were returning from church.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

June 24, 1795.— Jay's treaty ratified.

Difficulties had arisen with England because of violations of the treaty of
1783, so that a new treaty to dispose of them was negotiated by John Jay.

448

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

References:
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
Our Country. — Lossing.

June 24, 1871. — Corner-stone of state capitol at Albany laid.

The ceremonies were under the direction of the Grand Lodge of Free and
Accepted Masons of the State of New York. The first stone in the foundation
was laid July 7, 1869.

June 28, 1776. — Attack on Fort Moultrie.

The people of Charleston, expecting an attack, had constructed a palmetto
fort on Sullivan's Island, which was garrisoned by eight hundred men under
Colonel Moultrie. On June 28th, . the British fleet under Parker attacked it,
the conflict lasting nine hours. Finally, however, Parker was forced to with-
draw, with much shattered vessels. The fort was later named Moultrie in honor
of the commander.

References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
1776. — Lossing.

June 28, 1778. — Battle of Monmouth.

The British army under Clinton, retreating from Philadelphia, was overtaken
by Washington at Monmouth. Lee, leading the advance, was directed to make
an attack, but instead, commanded a retreat. Upon Washington's arrival an
advance was made. At nightfall there was no decisive result, and in the morn-
ing the British had fled.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

Selections from Irving's Life of Washington.

June 28, 181 5. — Decatur in the bay of Algiers.

During the War of 1812, the Dey of Algiers, believing the United States unable
to protect her commerce, broke the treaty and again resumed the practice of

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 449

piracy against our ships. When peace with England was established, a fleet
of ten ships, under Decatur, was sent to the Mediterranean. On the way he
captured two Algerian vessels and, arriving in the bay of Algiers, June 28th,
he forced the Dey to relinquish all American prisoners and all claim to a tribute
from the United States.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper.
History of the Navy. — Maclay.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:

Selection from Cooper's History of the Navy of the United States. Death of
Commodore Decatur.

July 1st, 2d, 3d, 1863.— Battle of Gettysburg.

On the 9th of June, Lee, whose army numbered nearly four hundred thou-
sand men, began a northward movement. Hooker followed the invaders
into Maryland, where (June 28th), his command was transferred to General
Meade. At Gettysburg one of the most important conflicts of the war took
place during the first three days of July. Lee was finally defeated, and, his
army being reduced one-third, made a rapid retreat. The battle of Gettys-
burg is generally regarded as the greatest of the war. It was the turning point
in the long conflict between the North and the South.

References :

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
School History of the United States.— Lee.

Appropriate Selections:

Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg.— Comte de Paris, in Half-Hours with Ameri-
can History. — Morris.
National Cemetery at Gettysburg.
Gettysburg.— Captain Dudley H. Chase, U. S. A.
Bugles of Gettysburg, p. 219.
George William Curtis, p. 210.
Susan J. Adams, p. 210.
Henry C. Potter, p. 234
29

4SO MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

July 2, 1775. — Washington took command of the army at Cambridge.
References:

The American Revolution. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham.

Life of Washington.— Sparks.

Appropriate Selections:
The Inconveniences of Militia.— General G. Washington, found in Ameri-
can History told by Contemporaries. — Hart.
" Every exertion of my worthy colleagues and myself will be equally ex-
tended to the restoration of peace and harmony, as to the fatal but necessary
operations of war."

July 2, 1881. — Assassination of Garfield.

Garfield had been in office less than four months when he was shot by an
assassin (Charles J. Guiteau), at the railroad station in Washington, as he was
about to leave the capital for a summer trip to the east.

References:

Life of James A. Garfield.— J. R. Gilmore.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.

July 3, 1890. — Idaho admitted to the Union.

July 3, 1898.— Battle of Santiago.

On Sunday morning, July 3d, at half-past nine, the Spanish fleet started out
of the harbor at Santiago with a rush, but the American fleet, always in readi-
ness, closed in upon it and by half-past one every Spanish ship was a half-
sunken wreck on the Cuban coast.

References:

War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge.
With Sampson through the War. — Goode.

Appropriate Selections:
The Men Behind the Guns, p. 224.

July 4, 1609. — Discovery of Lake Champlain.

In 1608, Champlain planted on the St. Lawrence the post of Quebec. The
next year, joining a party of Hurons and Algonquins in a war expedition
against the Five Nations, he ascended the Sorel, and, first of white men, entered
the lake which still bears his name. A series of explorations presently followed,
whence arose the French claims to that vast tract of interior America, compre-
hended, along with Canada and Acadia, under its general name of New France.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 451

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Discovery of America. — Fiske.

Appropriate Selections:

Discovery of Lake Champlain. — Parkman.

The American Indians, in History of the United States.— Hildreth.

July 4, 1776. — Declaration of Independence,

By the last of June the British had been repulsed from Charleston, and in
the meantime, Congress, then in session at Philadelphia, was preparing to de-
clare a separation of the political relations existing between Great Britain and
the colonies. A resolution to that effect offered by Richard Henry Lee of
Virginia, on the 7th of June, was passed by a large majority on the 2d of
July. Two days after, Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, in behalf of a committee
of five members, presented a document which he had prepared; and, then, July
4, 1776, this document, the Declaration of Independence, was unanimously
adopted by Congress.

Appropriate Selections:
Independence Bell. — Anonymous, p. in.
Speech of John Adams. — Webster, p. 175.
The Bell.— B. F. Taylor, p. 113.

July 4th and 5th, 1778. — Massacre in the Wyoming valley.

When the Wyoming valley was almost defenceless, as most of the able-bodied
men had joined the patriot army, a band of Tories and Indians ravaged and deso-
lated every settlement.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

American Revolution. — Fiske.

1776. — Lossing.

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

July 4, 1804. — Nathaniel Hawthorne born.

Selections from:

Mosses from an Old Manse.
Snow Image.
Twice-Told Tales.

452 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

July 4, 1817 — First spadeful of earth turned for the Erie canal.

July 4, 1817, the first spadeful of earth was turned for the Erie canal, and
the canal, three hundred and sixty-three miles long, was completed in October,
1825. It was designed by De Witt Clinton, and cost $7,602,000. It has brought
untold wealth to the state.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
The United States.— Schouler.

July 4, 1826. — Death of Jefferson and Adams.

On the fiftieth anniversary of American independence, Thomas Jefferson and
John Adams died. Both were members of the committee that framed the
Declaration of Independence, both signed it, both were foreign ministers, vice-
presidents, and presidents of the United States.

References:

Historic Americans. — Theodore Parker.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

Appropriate Selections:

Oration on Adams and Jefferson. — Wert.

Selection from Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams.— Seward.

July 4, 1828. — Driving of the first spike on the Baltimore and Ohio
railroad.
Charles Carroll, the last survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, drove the first spike for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, the first
in America to carry both passengers and freight.

References:

Students' History of the United States.— Channing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

July 4, 1863. — Capture of Vicksburg.

General Grant having gained a series of victories over the Confederate forces
in the southwest, succeeded in taking Vicksburg, July 4th, after a daring and
perilous siege of several months. Port Hudson having soon afterwards sur-
rendered to General Banks, the Mississippi was completely opened.

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis.
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge.
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 453

Appropriate Selections:
General Grant and the Civil War, p. 187.
Selecton IV, p. 222.

Hymn, for July 4, 1863. — George H. Baker.
The Fall of Vicksburg.— William Ross Wallace.

The Siege of Vicksburg. — Adam Badeau, in Morris' Half-Hours with Ameri-
can History.

July 5, 1814. — Battle of Chippewa.

General Brown met the British under General Riall at Chippewa, near Niagara
Falls, where he won a brilliant victory.

References:

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

July 7, 1898. — Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands.

During the progress of the Spanish war the annexation of the Hawaiian
Islands was finally consumated. A joint resolution was passed by Con-
gress providing for the acquisition of the islands and for their temporary gov-
ernment. A group of twelve islands, with an area of 6,677 square miles and a
population of about 100,000 persons, half of them native islanders, was thus made
American territory.

References :

American Congress. — Moore.

July 9, 1755. — Braddock's defeat.

General Braddock, who had been sent to America as commander-in-chief of
the royal forces, headed the expedition against Fort Duquesne. Disregarding
the suggestions of Washington, his aide-de-camp, he fell into an ambush oi
French and Indians when within a few miles of the fort, and was defeated with
great loss, he himself being mortally wounded.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
History of the United States. — Hildreth.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.

Appropriate Selections:

Defeat of Braddock. — Sparks.

July 10, 1890. — Wyoming admitted to the Union.

454

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

July 12, 1804. — Duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.

Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr met in a duel to settle a political quarrel,
and Hamilton was killed.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Our Country. — Lossing.

Students' History of the United States.— Channing.

Appropriate Selections:
Eulogy on Hamilton, from a discourse delivered in Albany by Dr. Nott, — found
in Anderson's United States Reader.

July 15, 1779. — Storming of Stony Point.

The American forces, under General Anthony Wayne, forced their way into
the fort from opposite directions, and meeting in the center, compelled the gar-
rison to surender. This stands out in high relief, as one of the most brilliant
achievements of the war. The Americans had effected it without firing a
musket.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

1776. — Lossing.

American Revolution. — Fiske.

History of the United States. — Bancroft.

July 17, 1898. — The Surrender of Santiago.

After several demands for the surrender of Santiago, General Shafter bom-
barded the place and forced the Spanish to yield, when Santiago passed into
American hands.

References:

War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge.
In Cuba with Shafter.— J. D. Miley.

July 21, 1 861.— Battle of Bull Run.

The Confederate army of about 100,000 men occupied a line through Vir-
ginia, from Harper's Ferry to Norfolk, their strongest position being between
Washington and Richmond, at Manassas Junction. About the middle of July,
an army under General McDowell marched to attack the Confederates. On the
18th, a conflict took place near Centerville and on the 21st, occurred the battle
of Bull Run, a desperate conflict from which the Union forces, panic-stricken,
fled in disorder towards Washington.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 455

References:

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis.

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge.

Story of the Civil War.— Ropes.

United States.— Rhodes.

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

School History of the United States.— Lee.

Appropriate Selections:

On the Hill before Centerville.— George K. Baker.

The Run from Manassas Junction.— In R. G. White's Poetry of the War.

July 23, 1885. — Death of Ulysses S. Grant.

America lost her great military leader when General U. S. Grant died at
Mount MacGregor, near Saratoga Springs.

July 24, 1819. — J. G. Holland born.
Selections from:

Life of Abraham Lincoln.
Lessons in Life.
Men of One Idea.

July 25, 1814. — Battle at Lundy's Lane.

The Americans under Brown were attacked at Lundy's Lane by Drummond,
commanding a British force one-third larger than Brown's. The battle lasted
from sunset to midnight, and was more death-dealing, in proportion to the
numbers engaged, than any previously fought on the American continent. It
ended without a decisive victory for either party.

References :

Half-Hours with American History.— Morris.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 .— Lossing.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.

July 27, 1898. — Porto Rico taken.

The British and German consuls, and several men representing the commer-
cial interests of Ponce, acting under the authority of the Spanish commander,
negotiated with the Americans for the surrender of that city. The American
troops took formal possession, and the army held the city as a base from which
they controlled the most important roads on the island.

References:
The War with Spain.— H. C. Lodge.

456

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

July 30, 1619. — First Legislative body in America.

On July 30, 1619, a legislative body met in a little wooden church at James-
town. Each of the eleven local constituencies had two representatives, called
burgesses, giving the name, the House of Burgesses. There was also an upper
House called the Council; these with the Governor constituted a general assem-
bly, whose functions were both legislative and judicial.

References:

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. — Fiske.

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

A Short History of the English Colonies in America. — Lodge.

American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart.

August 1, 1876. — Colorado was admitted to the Union.

August 2, 1684. — Treaty with the Five Nations at Albany.

The Indians of the Five Nations made a treaty of peace with the English at
a convention in Albany.

References:

Brief History of the Empire State. — Hendricks.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

August 2, 1832. — Black Hawk defeated at Bad Axe river.

By a treaty of July 15, 1830, the Sac and Fox Indians ceded their land east
of the Mississippi to the Americans. Black Hawk, a chief, refused to submit to
the treaty, and began to massacre the whites. He was finally defeated by Gen-
eral Atkinson at Bad Axe river.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.
School History of the United States. — Lee.
Our Country. — Lossing.

August 4, 1858. — The first telegraphic message passed from America
to Europe.

The Atlantic telegraph was invented by Cyrus W. Field.
References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY , e„

August 6, 1777.— Battle of Oriskany and sortie from Fort Stanwix.

General Herkimer, on his way to relieve Fort Stanwix, fell into an ambuscade
at Oriskany, was defeated, and mortally wounded. As Fort Stanwix was so
hard pressed, Arnold was sent to its aid. Resorting to stratagem, he caused the
desertion of the Indian allies, which left the British general. St. Leger, in such
straits that he was obliged to decamp hurriedly, leaving much ammunition be-
hind him. The retreat of St. Leger was of vital importance in deciding the fate
of Burgoyne's army.

References:

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
Popular History of the United States — Anderson.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
See Selection 2, p. 21.

August 7, 1795.— Joseph Rodman Drake born.

Appropriate Selections:

The American Flag, p. 303.

August 7, 1807.— Trial trip of Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont.
References:

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

August 9, 1812.— The Constitution and the Guerriere.

An encounter between the American frigate Constitution, called " Old Iron-
sides," and the British frigate Guerriere, took place near the Gulf of St. Law-
rence. The Guerriere opened fire, continuing nearly an hour before the Con-
stitution answered with more than an occasional gun. Then drawing nearer,
the Constitution poured in volleys with amazing rapidity and power. The Guer-
riere fought desperately, but at last was forced to strike her flag. Too injured to
keep afloat, the ship was burned.

References:

History of the Navy.— Maclay.
History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper.
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.

Appropriate Selections:

" The first English frigate that ever struck its flag to an American ship-of-
war had gone down to the bottom of the ocean. The sea never rolled over a
vessel whose fate so startled the world. It disappeared forever, but it left its

45§

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

outline on the deep, never to be effaced until England and America shall be no
more."
" Old Ironsides."— O. W. Holmes.

August io, 1 82 1. — Missouri admitted to the Union.

August 11, 1609.— Discovery of the Hudson river.

Almost contemporaneously with the first French exploration of Lake Cham-
plain, another celebrated discoverer was penetrating from an opposite direction
towards the same point. In 1609, Hendrick Hudson, in the employ of the
Dutch East India Company, while searching for a north or northwest passage
to India, discovered the river which bears his name.

References :

Discovery of America. — Fiske.

History of the United States. — Hildreth.

Appropriate Selections:

Voyage of the Half Moon. — Broadhead, in his History of New York.

August 12, 1898. — Signing of protocol with Spain.

Spanish defeats were confessed and a cessation of hostilities desired by the
Spanish Government. Secretary of State Hay acceded to the request on certain
essential conditions. The protocol was signed August 12, 1898, and hostilities
ceased.

References :

The War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge.

August 13, 1898. — City of Manila taken.

General Merritt and Admiral Dewey, having demanded the surrender of
Manila, ordered an attack on August 13. The combination of the land and sea
forces was irresistible and the Spanish hoisted the white flag. A conference was
held, the capitulation was signed, and the city surrendered. " And the empire
which Magellan had found for Spain had passed away forever."

References:

War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge.

August 16, 1777. — Battle of Bennington.

Burgoyne, in need of supplies, sent Colonel Baum with a force of Hessians to
Bennington to capture those of the Americans. General Stark, however,
defeated the expedition.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

459

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
History of the United States. — Bancroft.
American Revolution. — Fiske.

August 16, 1780. — Battle of Camden.

Gates, in command of the American forces, and Cornwallis, in command of the
British, unexpectedly met at Sander's Creek. Overpowered by numbers, the
American militia fled. The regulars, however, under the command of Baron de
Kalb, offered the bravest resistance until de Kalb was mortally wounded.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
The American Revolution. — Fiske.
1776. — Lossing.

Appropriate Selections:

The Old Continentals. — Guy Humphrey McMaster, p. 262.

August 16, 1812. — Surrender of Detroit.

Towards the beginning of the war, General Hull took his post at Detroit.
He was soon followed by General Brock, commanding thirteen hundred British
and Indians. The Americans were confident of winning the battle, about to
take place, but instead of fighting, Hull surrendered at once, and by so doing
lost Detroit and the whole territory of Michigan as well.

References:

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

August 20, 1794. — Battle of Maumee.

The Indians north of the Ohio continued to show their dissatisfaction by
many hostile acts, and were not subdued until General Wayne defeated them in
a desperate battle on the Maumee River.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.

Our Country. — Lossing.

Battles of the United States. — Dawson.

460

MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM.

August 24, 1 8 14. — The city of Washington captured and partly burned.
Five thousand men under General Ross disembarked from a British squadron
in the Chesapeake Bay, captured Washington, and set fire to the city. Until
the last moment, the Americans could not determine whether Washington or
Baltimore was to be attacked, consequently the force was divided, and the
British met with little opposition.

References:

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson.
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing.

August 25, 1839. — Francis Bret Harte born.

John Burns at Gettysburg.

Selection from East and West Poems.

August 27, 1664. — New Amsterdam called New York.

An English expedition, under Nichols, suddenly appeared in the harbor of
New Amsterdam and forced the Dutch to surrender. The articles of capitula-
tion were signed on the twenty-seventh of August, and the name was changed
to New York, in honor of the Duke of York.

References:

History of the Empire State. — Hendricks.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
Narrative and Critical History of America. — Winsor.
History of New York. — Roberts.
American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart.

August 27, 1776. — Battle of Long Island.

The British forces, under Howe, attacked the Americans at Long Island in
three divisions, two in front, the third in the rear. Despite the brave fight of
the patriots, they were forced to yield. The effects of the disaster were far-
reaching; it decided the wavering to join the enemy; it gave form and direc-
tion to subsequent events; and it gave New York into the possession of the
British.

References:

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris.
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant.
1776. — Lossing.

IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 46 1

The American Revolution. — Fiske.
Battles of the United States.— Dawson.
Diary of the American Revolution.— Moore.

Appropriate Selections:
See p. 29, selection 4.

August 28, 1619. — First negro slaves in the colonies.

About August 28, 1610, a Dutch merchantman brought a shipload of twenty
negroes to Virginia to be sold as slaves. A little over a year later the pilgrims
landed in New England, and two antagonistic and opposing elements were then
planted in America, that were destined to be in almost constant conflict until
the question of slavery in the United States was settled forever by the great
Civil war.
References :

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors.— Fiske.

August 29, 1779.— Battle of Chemung.

General Sullivan entered the region near the headwaters of the Susquehanna
and Genesee rivers to punish the Indians for massacres. At Newtown, now
Elmira, he gained a decisive victory in the battle of Chemung.

References:
American Revolution.— Fiske.
Battles of the United States.— Dawson.
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant.
General Sullivan's Indian Expedition, 1779-

August 29, 1809.— Oliver Wendell Holmes born.
Appropriate Selections:
Old Ironsides.
The Season's Masterpiece.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Admiral Dewey and the Spanish-American

War, 197.
American Eagle, The, 130.
American Flag, The, 310.
Arsenal at Springfield, The, 127.

Banner of the Stars, The, 15, 321.

Battle of Yorktown, The, 179.

Bell, The. 113.

Birthday of Abraham Lincoln, The, 269.

Birthday of Washington, The, 243.

Birthday Programs :

Longfellow, 152.

Whittier, 152.

Holmes, 153.

Lowell, 153.
Bivouac of the Dead, The, 28.
Black Regiment, The, 105.
Blue and the Gray, The, 146, 220.
Boy, Columbus, The, 161.
Brave at Home, The, 343.
Bugles of Gettysburg, 219.

Camp, The, 61.

Capitol, The, 51.

Carmen Belliccsum, 262.

Centennial Hymn, 345.

Citizenship, 366.

Civic Creed for the Boys and Girls of the

Great Republic, 35.
Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean, 313.
Columbus Day, 157.
Commemoration Ode, From the, 340.
Common School, The, 48.
Concord Hymn, 170, 222.
Constitution of the United States, The, 353.
Consulate, The, 85.
Contents, xv.

Declaration of Independence, The, 351.
Dewey and the Spanish-American War, Ad-
miral, 197.

Dewey's Victory, May 1, 1898, 200.
Dirge for a Soldier, 28.
Dove, The, 125.

Eagle, The, 129, 133.
Eight Volunteers, 233.
E Pluribus Unum, 138.
Exposition Buildings, 75.

Farragut, Admiral, 92.

Flag, A Brief History of the, 5.

Flag Day, 301.

Flag of Freedom, The, 65.

Flag of the Constellation, The, 18.

Flag that has Never Known Defeat, The,

10.
Flag, The, 313.
Fourth of July, The, 175.
Freedom, 101.
Free Schools Inspire Loyalty to Country

50.

General Grant and the Civil War, 187.
Grant, Ulysses Simpson, 189, 193.
Gray Forest Eagle, The, 133.

Half-Masted Flag, The, 25.

Hats Off, 323.

His First and Last Surrender, 188.

Home, 41.

Home, The, 41.

Home, The Nation's Safeguard, The, 42.

Hospital, The, 69.

How Sleep the Brave, 25, 231.

Incident, An, 71.

Incident of the French Camp, An, 61.
Independence Bell, July 4, 1776, 111.
In the Time of Strife, 230.
Introduction, v.

(463)

464

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Labor is Worship, 386.

Land, The, 87.

Landing of the Pilgrims, The, 163, 167.

Lexington and Concord, 169.

Liberty, 355.

Liberty Bell, The, 111.

Liberty Cap, The, 101.

Liberty's Latest Daughter, 178.

Lincoln. 290.

Lincoln, The Birthday of, 269.

Love of Country, 88.

M.
Maine, The, 198.
Manila Bay, 23S.

Meditations of Columbia, 1876, The, 164.
Memorial Day, 205.
Men Behind the Guns, The, 224.
Monterey, 324.
My Country, 43.
My Country, 'Tis of Thee, 341.

N.
New Memorial Day, The, 225.
New York Day at the World's Fair, 76.
Nobility of Labor, The, 383.

Observations on the Character of Colum-
bus, 158.

0 Captain, My Captain, 291.

Old Flag Forever, 10, 321.

Our Country, 375.

Our Country and Flag, 309.

Our Flag, 9.

Our Flag is There, 310.

Our Standing Army, 22G.

Our State, 107.

Palmetto and the Pine, The, 56.

Patriotic Pledges, 35.

Patriotic Poets, Birthday Programs:
Longfellow, 152.
Whittier, 152.
Holmes, 153.
Lowell, 153.

Patriotism, 331.

Patriot's Elysium, The, 340.

Phantom Army, The, 27.

Progress, 81.

Red, White and Blue, The, 19.
Restored Union, The, 55.
Reveille, 66.

Revolutionary Alarm, The, 170.
Right of the Line, The, 20.
Rising in 1776, The, 116.

Sailing of the Fleet, 200.

Salute the Flag, 321.

Saluting the Flag, 31.

Santa Filomena, 70.

School, The, 47.

School, Liberty's Safeguard, The, 47.

Sea, The. 91.

Shield, The, 135.

Ship of State, The, 91, 348.

Soldier Boy, The, 223.

Song for Independence, 358.

Song of the Camp, The, 64.

Song of the Flag, A, 30.

Songs of Labor, Selections from, 384.

Speech at Transfer of Flags, 36.

Stars in My Country's Sky — Are ye All

There?, 137.
Stars, The, 11.

Star-Spangled Banner, The. 320.
Stripes and the Stars, The, 308.
Suggestions to Teachers, xi.
Sword, The, 115.

Tableaux:

The Minute Man, 143.

Departure and Return of the States, 146.

The March of the Flags. 150.

The Army and Navy, 150.

Homage to Columbia, 151.
True Fame, 234.
True Patriot, The, 135.
Two Flags, The, 325.

TJ.

Uncover to the Flag, 32.
Unfurl Our Standards High, 94.
Union, The, 359.
Union and Liberty, 365.
Universal Education, 48.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

465

Vanquished, 194.

Vision of Liberty, The, 104.

Vision of the Stars, A, 16.

Washington, George, 248.
Washington, The Birthday of, 243.

William Tell's Address to His Native Hills,

102.
Why They Called Him Leader, 195.
Women of the War, 71.
Work-shop and the Camp, The, 387.

Yorktown Lesson, The, 180.

INDEX OF SONGS AND MUSIC.

America, 3.

American Flag, The, 303.

Angel of Peace, 121.

Battle Hymn of the Republic, 139.
Breaking Waves Dashed High, The, 165.

Camp Flag, The, 67.
Centennial Hymn, 79.
Columbus, 159.

Dewey at Manila Bay, 203.

Flag of the Free, 317.

God Speed the Right, 265.
Good Comrade, The, 73.

Heroes' Greeting, The, 217.
Home, Sweet Home, 39.

Independence Day, 174.
In Memoriam, 227.

Land of Washington, The, 181.
Laus Deo, 297.
Liberty Bell, The, 109.
Liberty Cap, The, 97.

M.
Man for Me, The, 289.
Many Flags in Many Lands, 83.
Memorial Day, Song for, 207.
My Country, 'Tis of Thee, 327.

Ocean-Guarded Flag, The. 90.

Ode for Washington's Birthday, 255.

O Starry Flag of Union, Hail, 57.

Our Flag, 311.

Our Own Dear Land, 89.

Red, White and Blue, The, 23.
Remembered, 239.

Schoolhouse and the Flag, The, 45.
See, the Conquering Hero Comes, 191.
Song for Memorial Day, 207.
Star of Freedom, The, 53.
Star-Spangled Banner, The, 13.
Sword of Bunker Hill, The, 119.

Three Cheers for the Olden Time, 173.

Waving Flag, The, 33.
Where the Eagle Is King, 131.

(466)

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Adams, John, 246, 248.
Adams, Samuel, 378.
Adams, Susan J., 210.
American Naval Officer, 1812, 310.
Ames, Fisher, 334.
Andrew, Gov., 212, 270.
Arthur, Chester A., 183.
Atlantic Monthly, 209.

"Bailey, Lansing C, 233.
Ballard, II. O, 270.
Bancroft, George, 170.
Beck, Henry T., 302.
Beecher, Henry Ward, 189, 215, 305,
Benjamin, Charles L., 10.
Bennett, H. H., 323.
Black, Frank S., 282.
Blaine, James G., 177.
Boardman, Henry A., 375.
Boker, George Henry, 28, 105.
Bradshaw, Wellesley, 219.
Bright, John, 272.
Brooks, Elbridge S., 379.
Brooks, James G., 244.
Brooks, Phillips, 273, 276.
Brown, John Mason, 209.
Browne, Francis F., 194.
Browning, Robert, 61.
Bryce, James, 244.
Bunner, H. C, 321.
Burns, Robert, 388.
Butterworth, Hezekiah, 260, 375.

Caldwell, W. W., 380.
Calhoun, John C, 222, 354, 376.
Carroll, Archbishop John, 244.
Cary, Phoebe, 302, 375.
Castelar, Emilio, 272, 274.
Channing, William E., 250.
Chapin, E. A., 211.

377.

Cheverton, E. C, 32.
Choate, Rufus, 247, 260.
Clay, Henry, 210, 377.
Cleveland, Grover, 247.
Coles, Abraham, 246.
Collins, William, 26, 231.
Conkling, Roscoe, 378.
Cooper, Peter, 271.
Corliss, C. P., 270.
Cowper, William, 135.
Cranch, Christopher P., 244.
Crawford, F. Marion, 315, 381.
Curtis, George William, 71, 145, 171, 210,
214, 229, 230, 261, 334, 337, 347, 349, 363.
Cutler, George Washington, 138.

Dale, H. W., 270.

Dana, Charles A, 273, 278, 279, 280, 353.

Dawes, Henry L., 270.

Deems, Charles F., 261.

De Kay, C, 194.

Dekker, Thomas, 383.

Dennison, Frederic, 302.

Depew, Chauncey M., 48, 162, 231, 274,

285, 347.
Devens, Charles, 212.
Dewey, Orville, 336, 388.
Dickinson, Daniel S., 306, 375, 376.
Douglass, Frederick, 271.
Dowd, Emma C, 246.
Drake, J. Rodman, 316.
Draper, Andrew S., 277, 345.
Dwight, John Sullivan, 342.
Dwyer, J. Henry, 210.
Dyer, Arthur, 379.
Dyer, Sidney, 272.

Edwards, Richard, 347.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 144, 170, 222, 274.

Everett, Edward, 167, 211, 234, 244, 240,

251, 305, 335, 368.
Everett, Homer, 209.
(467)

468

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Field, David Dudley, 343.
Fields, James T., 378.
Finch, Francis Miles, 146, 220.
Fiske, John, 257.
Flower, Roswell P., 81.
Foote, Kate, 319.
Ford, Paul Leicester, 261.
Foster, Charles, 271.
Franklin, Benjamin, 244.
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 271.
Frye, William P., 136.
Fuller, Melville, 247.
Furness, William E., 215.

Gallagher, W. D., 378.

Garfield, James A., 271, 362, 369, 378.

G. A. K. Report, 331, 332.

Gilder, Richard Watson, 211.

Gilmore, P. S., 377.

Gladstone, William Ewart, 244, 378.

Godwin, Parke, 380.

Gordan, Cornelia M., 209.

Gordon, John B., 211, 362.

Gould, Hannah, 246.

Gould, Jennie, 302.

Grady, Henry W., 42, 52, 148, 234, 275, 348.

Grant, Ulysses S., 212, 213, 214, 222, 270,

286, 380.
Gratton, Sir Henry, 244.
Gray, Asa, 270.
Gray, Thomas, 383.
Greeley, Adolphus, 15.
Green, John Richard, 244, 259.
Griffis, William E., 346.
Grimke, Thomas S., 333.
Grow, Galusha A., 326.
Guenther, Richard, 371.
Guizot, Francois, P. G., 244.

Hale, Edward Everett, 246, 339.
Hale, Sarah J., 377.
Halpine, Charles G., 296.
Hamilton, Alexander, 245, 376.
Harper's Magazine, 211.
Harrison, Benjamin, 15, 307, 335, 371.
Harte, Bret, 27.
Herbert, Hilary A., 376.
Hesperian, 43.

H. E. W., Jr., 238.

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 209.

Hoar, George F., 246, 370, 375.

Hoffman, Charles F., 324.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 271, 302, 315, 357,

365.
Howard, O. O., 270.
Howells, William Dean, 272.
Hunt, Helen, 215.

Ingersoll, Robert G., 26, 102, 213, 287, 288,

352, 355, 356, 367.
Ireland, Rt. Rev. John, 77.
Irving, Washington, 158, 246.

Jackson, Andrew, 377, 378.
Janvier, Francis De Hass, 245.
Jay, John, 246.
Jefferson, Thomas, 248, 250, 381.
Johnson, Reverdy, 375.

Kasson, John Adams, 380.

Kent, D. H., 212.

Key, Francis Scott, 320, 377.

King, Thomas Starr, 247, 340, 380.

Kiser, S. E., 223.

Knowlss, J. Sheridan, 102.

Lafayette, Marquis de, 378.

Lamartine, A. M. L. de, 245.

Lanier, Sidney, 164, 382.

Larcom, Lucy, 313.

Lasker, Raphael, 343.

Lecky, William E. H., 259.

Lee, Henry, 245.

Legare, Hugh S., 346, 355.

Leggett, William, 244, 375.

Lewis, Alonzo, 65.

Lieber, Francis, 377.

Lincoln, Abraham, 233, 244, 252, 307, 309,

333, 337, 341, 351, 357, 361, 364, 372.
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 198, 245, 251, 260, 335,

338, 372.
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 70, 91, 127,

348.
Lowe, Charles, 270.
Lowell, James Russell, 247, 276, 292, 340,

356.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

469

Madison, James, 370.

Marion, Francis, 50.

Martin, G., 271.

Matthews, Stanley, 271.

McClellan, George B., 222.

McDowell, J., 344.

McDuffie, George, 378.

McElrov, Win. H., 21, 81.

McKinley, William, 56, 198, 199, 224, 283.

284, 285, 286, 344, 364.
McMaster, Guy Humphrey, 262.
Meagher, Thomas Francis, 118, 346.
Merrill, Samuel P., 234.
Miles, Nelson A., 379.
Mitchell, George S., 209.
Montgomery, James, 340.
Morgan, Thomas J., 355.
Morton, Oliver P., 362.
Morris, Gouverneur, 245.
Moulton, Louise Chandler, 176.
Murphy, John A., 211.

N.
Naylor, Charles, 385, 386.
New, John C, 270.
Newman, John P., 282.
New York Tribune, 200.
Nicholas, Czar of Russia, 375.

O'Connor, Joseph, 76.
O'Connor, Michael, 66.
O'Gorman, Richard, 177.
O'Hara, Theodore, 28, 216.
O'Reilly, John Boyle, 167, 376.
Orleans, Louis Philippe, Due d', 272.
Osgood, Frances S., 386.
Outlook, The, 235.

Paine, Albert Bigelow, 225.

Paine, Thomas, 244.

Palgrave, Francis T., 247.

Parker, I. C, 379.

Parker, Theodore, 252, 381.

Parkhurst, Charles H., 339.

Pease, T. C, 271.

Percival, James Gates, 129.

Peterson, Henry, 271.

Phillips, Charles, 253.

Phillips, Wendell, 272, 367, 377.

Pike, Manley 1L, 56.

Potter, Henry C, 234, 261, 294, 369.

Porter, Horace, 188, 248, 296.

Porter, M. S., 134.

Power, Thomas F., 210.

Pray, I. C, Jr., 316.

Proctor, Edna Dean, 308.

Putnam, George, 210.

Ray, George W., 281.

Raymond, R. W., 15, 321.

Read, T. Buchanan, 18, 116, 315, 343.

Ripley, Mary A., 272.

Robbins, Asher, 249.

Robinson, Oscar D., 229. 347.

Robinson, William E., 309.

Rochambeau, Marquis de, 183.

Roche, James J., 245.

Rooney, John J., 224.

Roosevelt, Theodore, 92, 115, 224, 231, 276,

368, 370, 371, 376.
Rosenburg, C. G., 245.
Ross, Lawrence Sullivan, 219.

Sangster, Margaret E., 9.

Sargent, Epes, 381.

Saxton, Charles T., 338.

Schurz, Carl, 247, 351.

Scott, Sir Walter, 88, 342, 383.

Scott, W. H., 36.

Seward, William H., 245.

Sewell, Jonathan M., 376.

Shakespeare, William, 302, 375, 383.

Shaw, Albert D., 322.

Shaw, David T., 313.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 245.

Sheridan, George A., 211.

Sheridan, Philip, 195.

Sherman, James S., 282.

Sherman, John, 379.

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 195, 210, 270,

271, 377.
Sherwood, Kate D., 379.
Sherwood, Kate M. B., 272.
Shoemaker, William L., 376.
Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, 137.
Simpson, Matthew, 271.
Skinner, Charles R., viii, 48, 49, 349.
Smith, Dexter, 314.

470

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Smith, Samuel Francis, 47, 341.

Southey, Robert, 244.

Sparks, Jared, 252.

Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 319.

Stanton, Frank L., 10, 230, 321.

Stephens, Alexander H., 273, 293.

Stockton, Commodore, 236.

Stoddard, Richard Henry, 291.

Street, Alfred B., 133, 358.

Strong, Josiah, 377.

Stryker, M. Woolsey, 30.

Sumner, Charles, 126, 247, 250, 270, 306.

Sutton, George D., 10.

Swain, Charles, 41.

Swift, John L., 235.

Swing, David, 272, 293.

Taylor, Bayard, 64, 178, 211.

Taylor, B. F., 113.

Tennyson, Alfred, 101, 133, 246, 357.

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 245.

Thompson, C. W., 130.

Thompson, Hugh S., 381.

Thompson, Maurice F., 209, 292, 295, 380.

Thurston, John H., 214.

Thurston, John M., 62, 280, 382.

Towle, Henry M., 259.

Trowbridge, John T., 272.

Twitchell, Joseph IL, 209.

Vandegrift, Margaret, 226.
Van Dusen, I. D., 379.

Vaughan, Virginia, 202.
Voorhees, Daniel W., 232.

W.
Waite, Morrison R., 270.
Ware, Henry, Jr., 104.
Warner, Charles Dudley, 75, 270.
Warren, Owen Grenliffe, 94.
Washington, George, 334, 359, 360, 366,

370, 377.
Washington, Mary, 245.
Washington Star, 294.
Waterbury, S. L., 15, 315.
Watterson, Henry, 55, 361.
Webster, Daniel, 52, 175, 177, 246, 249,

336, 352. 353, 354, 359, 360, 363, 375,

376.
Whitman, Walt, 291.
Whittier, John Greenleaf 107, 126, 273,

345, 376, 378, 384.
Willard, Frances E., 325.
Williams, Thomas, 302.
Wilson, John D., 200.
Wilson, William L., 377.
Winship, Albert E., 380.
Winter, William, 232.
Winthrop, Robert Charles, 149, 180, 257,

262, 305, 379, 380, 381.
Wise, George D., 287.
Wirt, William, 249.
W. K. W., xi, 16.
Wolf, Edmund J., 379.
Wood, Anson S., 236.
Woodford, Stewart L., 333, 369.

,',,.**

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